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Turkey pumphrey 2
1. Utilization of
Genetic Resources
in Breeding for
Stripe Rust
Resistance
Mike Pumphrey
Peter Bulli
Xianming Chen
2nd International Wheat Stripe Rust
Symposium
April 29, 2014
m.pumphrey@wsu.edu
2. Thoughts about improving stripe rust
resistance,
from a breeding program with very good
resources (germplasm access, greenhouses,
equipment, land, genotyping, human),
in an area with recurrent and severe
epidemics
Context
3. Several effective seedling and ~3 APR
genes, in each variety, is best when
considering farmers, the environment,
and epidemiology of rusts
“Complex resistance”
My Opinion
4. The primary and secondary genepools
are sufficient for stripe rust resistance
gene discovery
My Next Opinion
5. Using complex resistance
1. Identify defined resistance loci, then develop/use
diagnostic markers for all segregating genes (APR and
seedling)
2. Genomic predictions for APR, if elite germplasm has
enough, and breed for seedling resistance gene
combinations
3. Trans/cis-genics (plus or minus strategy 1 and 2)
Develop germplasm, then develop SUPERIOR varieties
with a combination of seedling and adult plant resistance
6. Utilization of Genetic Resources in
Breeding for Stripe Rust Resistance
1. USDA-ARS National Small Grains Germplasm
Collection. Elite advanced lines and varieties from
North America and other regions.
-$25M USD project
-USDA-ARS and WSU
-association/bi-parental mapping
2. Global tetraploid germplasm
-two Monsanto Beachell-Borlaug Projects and other
collaborations
8. Phenotyping
• 3 routine locations – Pullman,
Central Ferry, and Mt. Vernon,
plus UC Davis
• 2-3 years data per study
• Infection type (0-9) and
severity (%) are recorded at
seedling and adult stage
• Greenhouse seedling tests
with defined races
9. Panel Entries Phenotyping Genotyping
NSGC
Core
5000 Seedling: (WA)
PSTv14, 18, 37, 40, 51
9K SNP
NSGC
Core
5000 Field: Spring-CA, WA(2)
Winter-KS, WA (2)
9K SNP
T-CAP
Triticeae CAP Grant
730 Breeding line
1393 Cultivar
1623 Landrace
1372 No classification
5118 Total
North America
South America
North Africa
Southern Africa
West Africa
Central America
East Africa
Australia
Northern Europe
West Asia
South Asia Southeast Asia
East Asia
Central Asia
Northern Eurasia
Southern Europe
Western Europe Eastern Europe
Central Europe
Central Africa
10. Panel Entrie
s
Phenotyping Genotyping
Winter Yr
diversity
384 Seedling and field-WA (2) 90K SNP
Spring Hard
elite
256 Seedling and field-MN, WA (3) , E. Africa
(4)
90K SNP
Eastern SRW
elite
384 Field: NC, WA (3) 9K SNP
Spring PNW
Elite
427 Seedling and field-WA (2) 9K SNP
Small NAM 384 Field: CA 9K SNP
Spring Lr
diversity
384 Seedling and field- WA (2) 90K SNP
T-CAP
Triticeae CAP Grant
11. Panel Entries Phenotyping Genotyping
Emmer
(tetraploid)
wheat
196 Seedling and field-WA (2) 9K SNP
Ethiopian
landraces/
cultivars
300 Seedling and field-WA (3), Ethiopia (3) 90K SNP
Wild tetraploids 200 Seedling and field-WA (3) 90K SNP
Ethiopian
durum
200 Seedling and field-WA(2) 90K SNP
Elite Durum 300 Seedling and field-WA(2) 9K SNP
Other Projects
12. Origin
Cluster, kinship, and structure analyses of 1000 spring wheat core accessions
T-CAPWardcluster(W)
Kinship matrix (K)
Q 4 Q 5 Q 6 Q 7
America
Asia
Africa
Europe
Structure (Q)
13. Spring panel Winter panel
Pullman Mt. Vernon Across location Pullman Mt. Vernon Across location
0-9 0-100% 0-9 0-100% 0-9 0-100% 0-9 0-100% 0-9 0-100% 0-9 0-100%
Pop mean 4.08 45.27 4.48 49.57 4.28 47.42 5.07 52.45 4.88 54.92 4.97 53.66
Range low 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 0
Range high 9 100 9 100 9 100 9 100 9 100 9 100
2.87**** 379**** 3.94**** 677**** 3.37**** 510**** 3.64**** 640**** 4.40**** 620**** 4.09**** 622****
0.03NS 306**** 0.96**** 312**** -- -- 0.11* 398**** 0.14* 161**** -- --
-- -- -- -- 0.00 336**** -- -- -- -- 0.18**** 297****
2.03 1.00 1.10 1.00 2.20* 0.00 1.01 1.00 1.53 1.03 1.21 1.00
0.76 0.70 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.85 0.86 0.75 0.77 0.88 0.88 0.89
Model describing the data: Yijk = µ + gi + yj + gyij + lk(j) + eijk
Summary of reactions from field study, and covariance estimates from random model
T-CAP
19. Yr59 in PI 178759
Zhou et al. 2014 TAG 127:935-945
20. Yr62 & a QTL in PI 192252
Lu et al. 2014 TAG
DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2312-0
21. Concerns
•Many opportunities… not enough well developed tools
•How do we prioritize resistance loci?
Fitness costs, interactions, durability, linkage relationships, etc.?
•What genes are we missing (or false positives)?
Masking, power, MAF, marker density and bias?
•How do we identify lines that have each resistance
locus, for sure?- Haplotypes, not single markers
Developing Nested Association Mapping population with ~200 accessions
in Avocet S background, and other populations for seedling R genes
22. Acknowledgements
Stripe rust collaborators
Arron Carter
Steven Xu
Jorge Dubcovsky
Roberto Tuberosa
Bekele Abeyo
Bedada Girma
Kim Campbell
Shiaoman Chao
Deven See
Gina Brown-Guedira
Mike Bonman