This document discusses tuberculosis (TB), including its history, epidemiology, challenges, and a call to action for a TB-free UAE. It notes that TB has plagued humanity for thousands of years and remains a leading infectious killer. While diagnosis and treatment have improved, only about half of drug-resistant TB cases are cured. Obstacles to TB control include weak healthcare infrastructure, unregulated private care, lack of political will, and drug resistance. The document calls for intensifying TB awareness, screening, and treatment in the UAE to work towards eliminating the disease.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by toxins, drugs, diseases, alcohol, or viral infections. The three main types of viral hepatitis are A, B, and C, which are caused by different viruses and transmitted differently. Hepatitis A is usually transmitted through ingestion of fecal matter and does not become chronic, while hepatitis B and C are transmitted through blood and can become chronic infections affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Prevention methods include hand washing, vaccinations, and avoiding sharing personal items that may transmit blood or bodily fluids.
World Hepatitis Day is observed annually on July 28th to raise awareness of viral hepatitis, which causes liver inflammation and disease. This year's theme is "Hepatitis Can't Wait" to convey the urgency of eliminating hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Hepatitis B and C affect 325 million people worldwide, causing 1.4 million deaths per year. While hepatitis is preventable and treatable, over 80% of people living with hepatitis lack access to services. The document outlines messages for the public, policymakers, and national leaders calling for immediate action to expand access to testing, treatment, and vaccination to eliminate hepatitis.
This talks about the HAV, HBV and HCV , intro, properties, epidemiology and transmission, pathogenesis , clinical findings , laboratory diagnosis, and prevention
Presentation about hepatitis with small detailed informations. It contains mainly pictures which help the better understanding of the topic. After a short classification, detailed explanations about hepatitis A, B, C, D and E.
This document discusses hepatitis, including the different types (A, B, C). Viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis. Some forms are mild while others can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis or liver cancer. Symptoms can include loss of appetite, nausea, and jaundice. Hepatitis B has a high prevalence in the Philippines, where approximately 9% of the population are carriers. Chronic hepatitis B is challenging to manage. The Hepatology Society of the Philippines aims to increase awareness and access to treatment.
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. It is caused by virus or bacterial infections or continuous exposure to alcohol, drugs or toxic chemicals.
Hepatitis results from an autoimmune disorder, in which the body mistakenly sends disease-fighting cells to attack its own healthy tissue. Thus the liver reduces the ability to perform life-preserving functions. Visit us @ http://bit.ly/2OCXz7v
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by toxins, drugs, diseases, alcohol, or viral infections. The three main types of viral hepatitis are A, B, and C, which are caused by different viruses and transmitted differently. Hepatitis A is usually transmitted through ingestion of fecal matter and does not become chronic, while hepatitis B and C are transmitted through blood and can become chronic infections affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Prevention methods include hand washing, vaccinations, and avoiding sharing personal items that may transmit blood or bodily fluids.
World Hepatitis Day is observed annually on July 28th to raise awareness of viral hepatitis, which causes liver inflammation and disease. This year's theme is "Hepatitis Can't Wait" to convey the urgency of eliminating hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Hepatitis B and C affect 325 million people worldwide, causing 1.4 million deaths per year. While hepatitis is preventable and treatable, over 80% of people living with hepatitis lack access to services. The document outlines messages for the public, policymakers, and national leaders calling for immediate action to expand access to testing, treatment, and vaccination to eliminate hepatitis.
This talks about the HAV, HBV and HCV , intro, properties, epidemiology and transmission, pathogenesis , clinical findings , laboratory diagnosis, and prevention
Presentation about hepatitis with small detailed informations. It contains mainly pictures which help the better understanding of the topic. After a short classification, detailed explanations about hepatitis A, B, C, D and E.
This document discusses hepatitis, including the different types (A, B, C). Viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis. Some forms are mild while others can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis or liver cancer. Symptoms can include loss of appetite, nausea, and jaundice. Hepatitis B has a high prevalence in the Philippines, where approximately 9% of the population are carriers. Chronic hepatitis B is challenging to manage. The Hepatology Society of the Philippines aims to increase awareness and access to treatment.
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. It is caused by virus or bacterial infections or continuous exposure to alcohol, drugs or toxic chemicals.
Hepatitis results from an autoimmune disorder, in which the body mistakenly sends disease-fighting cells to attack its own healthy tissue. Thus the liver reduces the ability to perform life-preserving functions. Visit us @ http://bit.ly/2OCXz7v
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that inserts itself into human cells and reprograms their genetic structure. There is an incubation period before symptoms develop, which can take years. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load testing. Left untreated, HIV weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infections, cancers, neurological and gastrointestinal issues. Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress the virus and prevent transmission.
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. It is usually spread when someone comes into contact with infected blood, such as through sharing needles or from an infected mother during birth. Many people with hepatitis C do not show any symptoms, so the only way to know if someone is infected is to get tested. Left untreated, chronic hepatitis C can lead to serious health problems like liver damage, liver failure, and liver cancer. However, treatments are now available that can cure most people with hepatitis C within 8 to 12 weeks.
Types of hepatitis
HEPATITIS - symptoms
How To Diagnose Hepatitis?
Treatment
Main Prevention Measures for Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis in Pregnant Women
Oral Manifestations of Hepatitis
Management of patients with hepatitis B and C infection in dental office
all information about
it include :-
1- DEFINITION
2- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
3- MECHANISM
4- RISK FACTOR
5- COMPLICATIONS
6- PRECAUTION
7- PREVENTION
8- EPIDEMIOLOGY
9- TREATMENT
and finally video about the mechanism of action
if you van not open it
hit this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuUfGeoN_cw
i hope it meet what you want
This document provides information about Hepatitis A Virus. It discusses that Hepatitis A is a picornavirus that infects humans and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. While symptoms are usually mild and self-limiting, there can be complications in some cases including fulminant hepatitis. Prevention strategies include vaccination, improved sanitation and hygiene. The vaccine is effective but underutilized in many developing countries due to cost considerations.
Viral hepatitis refers to liver infection caused by different viral agents including hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G viruses. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes the disease hepatitis A, which presents with non-specific symptoms like fever, fatigue, nausea and then jaundice. It is usually self-limiting but can incapacitate patients for weeks. HAV spreads primarily through the fecal-oral route. Control measures include handwashing, sanitary disposal of waste, and vaccination.
This document discusses several types of hepatitis viruses. It covers hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus. For each virus, it describes key aspects such as transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention. Hepatitis viruses can cause liver inflammation and damage, and some may lead to chronic infection or liver cancer if not addressed. Vaccines exist to prevent hepatitis A and B.
Epidemiology, prevention and control of viral hepatitis BPreetika Maurya
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. It is endemic worldwide, especially in developing tropical countries, with prevalence depending on behavioral, environmental, and host factors. Countries can be classified as having high, intermediate, or low endemicity based on hepatitis B surface antigen carrier rates. The disease ranges from an acute self-limiting infection to a chronic persistent infection, depending on the age when infected. While there is no specific treatment, prevention through hepatitis B vaccination and immunoglobulin is the main approach for management.
This document discusses various types of hepatitis and liver disease. It begins by introducing hepatitis and its worldwide prevalence. It then covers the functions of the liver and various types of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E), chronic hepatitis, drug-induced liver disease, cirrhosis, and alcoholic liver disease. For each topic, it provides details on causes, clinical features, management, and sometimes dental considerations.
Spread the Awareness about #Hepatitis with us on this World Hepatitis Day!
#28July #WorldHepatitisDay
*Free Shipping on all US Orders - Coupon Code "FS99"
www.OffshoreCheapMeds.co
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. There are 5 main types of viral hepatitis caused by different viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. They vary in their modes of transmission, with hepatitis A usually spreading through contaminated food or water, hepatitis B spreading through body fluids, and hepatitis C mostly spreading through blood exposure. Prevention methods include vaccination, safe sex practices, avoiding needle sharing and raw meat, and proper hand washing and food preparation when traveling.
This document discusses Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It notes that over 2 billion people have been infected with HBV worldwide, with 360 million having chronic infections. HBV infection has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Groups at high risk for HBV infection who should be screened include people born in highly endemic regions, healthcare workers, injection drug users, men who have sex with men, and household contacts of HBV-infected individuals. Chronic HBV infection can be diagnosed based on the presence of HBsAg for over 6 months and is classified into immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive phases based on viral load and liver enzyme levels. Vaccination against
Hepatitis C is a liver disease that can range from mild to severe, leading to cirrhosis or liver cancer. About 150 million people are chronically infected worldwide each year. Egypt has one of the highest rates globally, with 14.7% of its population infected, mostly through unsafe medical practices. Common routes of transmission include injections, medical procedures, dental work, and birth from an infected mother. While the disease can be treated, there is no vaccine. Egypt faces a public health emergency due to hepatitis C, and reducing transmission requires improved infection control and safe practices in healthcare settings.
This document summarizes information about viral hepatitis. It discusses the five main types of hepatitis, with hepatitis B, C, and D having the potential to cause chronic hepatitis. About 1 million people die each year from chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis A and E are generally self-limiting but hepatitis B, C, and D can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer if they become chronic. Global incidence of hepatitis B and C infections are estimated at over 400 million and 170 million respectively. Transmission of hepatitis B and C occurs through blood, sexual contact and mother-to-child. Vaccination is an effective prevention strategy for hepatitis B.
The document discusses hepatitis, specifically hepatitis A. It defines hepatitis as an inflammatory condition of the liver, often caused by viral infections. It then describes the liver's location and functions. Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and spreads through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. While usually self-limiting, hepatitis A can sometimes lead to more severe illness lasting several months. Diagnosis involves detecting HAV-specific antibodies in the blood.
- Egypt has one of the highest rates of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in the world, with up to 40% of people in high-risk areas testing positive. HCV is a major cause of liver cancer in Egypt.
- HCV spread primarily through blood transmission and infects the liver. It has a long incubation period and can cause liver cancer. The virus continues to spread through practices like blood transfusions and needle reuse.
- Past public health campaigns in Egypt that involved widespread injection practices using unsterilized needles are thought to be the main driver of the country's HCV epidemic, with over 30% of older Egyptians infected through this route. Addressing HCV requires improving healthcare access and reforming medical standards
This document discusses hepatitis prevention and the burden of hepatitis globally and in Sri Lanka. Some key points:
- Globally, 400 million people live with chronic hepatitis B or C, causing over 1.4 million deaths per year. Chronic hepatitis B prevalence is highest in East Asia and Africa, while HCV prevalence is high in Central/East Asia and North Africa.
- In Sri Lanka, over 7,000 hepatitis cases were reported from 2010-2014, with over half occurring in 4 districts. The disease affects males more than females and incidence increases with age. Overall HBV and HCV seroprevalence is low (<2% and <1%).
- Transmission occurs through blood and body fluids. At-
This document discusses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It defines AIDS as a condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that weakens the immune system. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids, or from mother to child. A person may not notice symptoms initially or may experience brief flu-like symptoms before entering a prolonged asymptomatic phase. Late stage symptoms occur as the virus interferes more with the immune system, increasing risk of infections. Diagnosis involves HIV testing to detect antibodies or genetic material from the virus. There is currently no cure for AIDS but treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to slow disease progression.
The document describes three case studies of patients presenting with hepatitis. The first case involves a man who returned from Thailand with fatigue, nausea and abdominal discomfort. The second case is a pregnant woman who was a former heroin addict and had shared needles. The third case is a man who developed jaundice six months after coronary bypass surgery. The document then provides information about hepatitis A, B and C viruses, including their structures, modes of transmission, clinical presentations and approaches to diagnosis.
1. Four inmates have presented with upper abdominal pain and diarrhea, symptoms consistent with hepatitis A.
2. The latest patient reports eating raw seashells from home, indicating potential fecal-oral transmission of hepatitis A through contaminated food.
3. Outbreaks of hepatitis A can occur in closed settings like prisons where hygiene and sanitation may be challenges, allowing the virus to spread among susceptible individuals. Testing is needed to confirm hepatitis A as the cause.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through inhaling droplets from the coughs or sneezes of infected individuals. Globally, one third of the population is infected with the bacteria, with 9.3 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths annually. While treatable with antibiotics, drug-resistant strains and high-risk populations like those with HIV have contributed to TB remaining a major public health issue worldwide.
This document provides an overview of the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). It discusses the timeline of TB discoveries, current global and regional estimates of TB prevalence and incidence, and trends over time. Key populations affected include those in Asia, women, children, and those coinfected with HIV. Natural history is influenced by agent, host, and social factors like malnutrition, poverty, and crowding. The goals are to describe the distribution of TB and associated risk factors.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that inserts itself into human cells and reprograms their genetic structure. There is an incubation period before symptoms develop, which can take years. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load testing. Left untreated, HIV weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infections, cancers, neurological and gastrointestinal issues. Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress the virus and prevent transmission.
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. It is usually spread when someone comes into contact with infected blood, such as through sharing needles or from an infected mother during birth. Many people with hepatitis C do not show any symptoms, so the only way to know if someone is infected is to get tested. Left untreated, chronic hepatitis C can lead to serious health problems like liver damage, liver failure, and liver cancer. However, treatments are now available that can cure most people with hepatitis C within 8 to 12 weeks.
Types of hepatitis
HEPATITIS - symptoms
How To Diagnose Hepatitis?
Treatment
Main Prevention Measures for Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis in Pregnant Women
Oral Manifestations of Hepatitis
Management of patients with hepatitis B and C infection in dental office
all information about
it include :-
1- DEFINITION
2- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
3- MECHANISM
4- RISK FACTOR
5- COMPLICATIONS
6- PRECAUTION
7- PREVENTION
8- EPIDEMIOLOGY
9- TREATMENT
and finally video about the mechanism of action
if you van not open it
hit this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuUfGeoN_cw
i hope it meet what you want
This document provides information about Hepatitis A Virus. It discusses that Hepatitis A is a picornavirus that infects humans and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. While symptoms are usually mild and self-limiting, there can be complications in some cases including fulminant hepatitis. Prevention strategies include vaccination, improved sanitation and hygiene. The vaccine is effective but underutilized in many developing countries due to cost considerations.
Viral hepatitis refers to liver infection caused by different viral agents including hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G viruses. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes the disease hepatitis A, which presents with non-specific symptoms like fever, fatigue, nausea and then jaundice. It is usually self-limiting but can incapacitate patients for weeks. HAV spreads primarily through the fecal-oral route. Control measures include handwashing, sanitary disposal of waste, and vaccination.
This document discusses several types of hepatitis viruses. It covers hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus. For each virus, it describes key aspects such as transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention. Hepatitis viruses can cause liver inflammation and damage, and some may lead to chronic infection or liver cancer if not addressed. Vaccines exist to prevent hepatitis A and B.
Epidemiology, prevention and control of viral hepatitis BPreetika Maurya
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. It is endemic worldwide, especially in developing tropical countries, with prevalence depending on behavioral, environmental, and host factors. Countries can be classified as having high, intermediate, or low endemicity based on hepatitis B surface antigen carrier rates. The disease ranges from an acute self-limiting infection to a chronic persistent infection, depending on the age when infected. While there is no specific treatment, prevention through hepatitis B vaccination and immunoglobulin is the main approach for management.
This document discusses various types of hepatitis and liver disease. It begins by introducing hepatitis and its worldwide prevalence. It then covers the functions of the liver and various types of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E), chronic hepatitis, drug-induced liver disease, cirrhosis, and alcoholic liver disease. For each topic, it provides details on causes, clinical features, management, and sometimes dental considerations.
Spread the Awareness about #Hepatitis with us on this World Hepatitis Day!
#28July #WorldHepatitisDay
*Free Shipping on all US Orders - Coupon Code "FS99"
www.OffshoreCheapMeds.co
Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. There are 5 main types of viral hepatitis caused by different viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. They vary in their modes of transmission, with hepatitis A usually spreading through contaminated food or water, hepatitis B spreading through body fluids, and hepatitis C mostly spreading through blood exposure. Prevention methods include vaccination, safe sex practices, avoiding needle sharing and raw meat, and proper hand washing and food preparation when traveling.
This document discusses Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It notes that over 2 billion people have been infected with HBV worldwide, with 360 million having chronic infections. HBV infection has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Groups at high risk for HBV infection who should be screened include people born in highly endemic regions, healthcare workers, injection drug users, men who have sex with men, and household contacts of HBV-infected individuals. Chronic HBV infection can be diagnosed based on the presence of HBsAg for over 6 months and is classified into immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive phases based on viral load and liver enzyme levels. Vaccination against
Hepatitis C is a liver disease that can range from mild to severe, leading to cirrhosis or liver cancer. About 150 million people are chronically infected worldwide each year. Egypt has one of the highest rates globally, with 14.7% of its population infected, mostly through unsafe medical practices. Common routes of transmission include injections, medical procedures, dental work, and birth from an infected mother. While the disease can be treated, there is no vaccine. Egypt faces a public health emergency due to hepatitis C, and reducing transmission requires improved infection control and safe practices in healthcare settings.
This document summarizes information about viral hepatitis. It discusses the five main types of hepatitis, with hepatitis B, C, and D having the potential to cause chronic hepatitis. About 1 million people die each year from chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis A and E are generally self-limiting but hepatitis B, C, and D can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer if they become chronic. Global incidence of hepatitis B and C infections are estimated at over 400 million and 170 million respectively. Transmission of hepatitis B and C occurs through blood, sexual contact and mother-to-child. Vaccination is an effective prevention strategy for hepatitis B.
The document discusses hepatitis, specifically hepatitis A. It defines hepatitis as an inflammatory condition of the liver, often caused by viral infections. It then describes the liver's location and functions. Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and spreads through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. While usually self-limiting, hepatitis A can sometimes lead to more severe illness lasting several months. Diagnosis involves detecting HAV-specific antibodies in the blood.
- Egypt has one of the highest rates of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in the world, with up to 40% of people in high-risk areas testing positive. HCV is a major cause of liver cancer in Egypt.
- HCV spread primarily through blood transmission and infects the liver. It has a long incubation period and can cause liver cancer. The virus continues to spread through practices like blood transfusions and needle reuse.
- Past public health campaigns in Egypt that involved widespread injection practices using unsterilized needles are thought to be the main driver of the country's HCV epidemic, with over 30% of older Egyptians infected through this route. Addressing HCV requires improving healthcare access and reforming medical standards
This document discusses hepatitis prevention and the burden of hepatitis globally and in Sri Lanka. Some key points:
- Globally, 400 million people live with chronic hepatitis B or C, causing over 1.4 million deaths per year. Chronic hepatitis B prevalence is highest in East Asia and Africa, while HCV prevalence is high in Central/East Asia and North Africa.
- In Sri Lanka, over 7,000 hepatitis cases were reported from 2010-2014, with over half occurring in 4 districts. The disease affects males more than females and incidence increases with age. Overall HBV and HCV seroprevalence is low (<2% and <1%).
- Transmission occurs through blood and body fluids. At-
This document discusses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It defines AIDS as a condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that weakens the immune system. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids, or from mother to child. A person may not notice symptoms initially or may experience brief flu-like symptoms before entering a prolonged asymptomatic phase. Late stage symptoms occur as the virus interferes more with the immune system, increasing risk of infections. Diagnosis involves HIV testing to detect antibodies or genetic material from the virus. There is currently no cure for AIDS but treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to slow disease progression.
The document describes three case studies of patients presenting with hepatitis. The first case involves a man who returned from Thailand with fatigue, nausea and abdominal discomfort. The second case is a pregnant woman who was a former heroin addict and had shared needles. The third case is a man who developed jaundice six months after coronary bypass surgery. The document then provides information about hepatitis A, B and C viruses, including their structures, modes of transmission, clinical presentations and approaches to diagnosis.
1. Four inmates have presented with upper abdominal pain and diarrhea, symptoms consistent with hepatitis A.
2. The latest patient reports eating raw seashells from home, indicating potential fecal-oral transmission of hepatitis A through contaminated food.
3. Outbreaks of hepatitis A can occur in closed settings like prisons where hygiene and sanitation may be challenges, allowing the virus to spread among susceptible individuals. Testing is needed to confirm hepatitis A as the cause.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. It spreads through inhaling droplets from the coughs or sneezes of infected individuals. Globally, one third of the population is infected with the bacteria, with 9.3 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths annually. While treatable with antibiotics, drug-resistant strains and high-risk populations like those with HIV have contributed to TB remaining a major public health issue worldwide.
This document provides an overview of the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). It discusses the timeline of TB discoveries, current global and regional estimates of TB prevalence and incidence, and trends over time. Key populations affected include those in Asia, women, children, and those coinfected with HIV. Natural history is influenced by agent, host, and social factors like malnutrition, poverty, and crowding. The goals are to describe the distribution of TB and associated risk factors.
The document discusses the history and current status of tuberculosis (TB) and the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in India. It describes how TB was discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch and remains a major public health problem worldwide and in India. The RNTCP was established in India in 1962 and reformed in 1993, aiming to diagnose TB cases early through sputum microscopy and successfully treat patients to reduce transmission. While progress has been made, India still accounts for a large number of global TB cases and deaths each year.
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis (TB). It begins with an introduction stating that TB is an infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It then covers the main topics of signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Key points include that TB usually affects the lungs and can cause a prolonged cough, fever and weight loss. It is transmitted through inhaled droplets and while most infections are asymptomatic, active TB can be fatal if left untreated. Standard treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken for at least 6 months.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can spread throughout the body. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and is transmitted through the air. While TB can affect anyone, those with weakened immune systems or who live in close contact with infected individuals are most at risk. Symptoms include coughing, fatigue, weight loss and fever. TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics taken for 6-9 months. While curable, TB remains a global epidemic, with the highest rates in Africa and Asia. Efforts by organizations aim to improve treatment access and develop new vaccines and drugs.
This is Tuberculosis 101, including history; current stats; Maryland resources. This presentation is part of a full day Infectious Disease 101 training.
1) The study investigated the effects of rifampicin, an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, on kidney biomarkers and histopathology in albino rats.
2) Rats were given rifampicin at different doses for varying time periods, then kidney biomarkers like urea and creatinine were measured from blood samples.
3) Results showed that urea and creatinine levels increased over time with higher doses of rifampicin, indicating potential kidney damage. Histological examination also revealed inflammation of the glomeruli in kidneys of rats that received the highest dose for longest time period.
This document provides information on HIV-TB co-infection from global and national perspectives. It discusses that HIV increases the risk of developing active TB 20 times higher than the general population. TB is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Countries with the largest number of TB cases are India, China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, accounting for over half of global cases. HIV weakens the immune system making people more susceptible to TB infection and able to spread TB more widely through the body. Clinical presentation of TB depends on the stage of HIV infection. Sputum testing and chest x-rays are used for diagnosis but have reduced sensitivity in advanced HIV cases.
An Update on the DOTS Strategy to STOP Tuberculosis in our Lifetimes by Dr. I...Abraham Idokoko
The document is a presentation on tuberculosis (TB) control efforts given by Dr. Abraham Idokoko. It discusses the history of TB, highlighting key discoveries and developments in TB treatment. It provides current statistics on the global burden of TB, noting it infects one person per second and kills three people every minute. The presentation outlines the DOTS strategy for TB control and highlights challenges to achieving targets in Nigeria for stopping TB. It emphasizes the ongoing potential of the DOTS strategy despite its limitations.
The document presents information on tuberculosis (TB) including its definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, treatment guidelines, and nursing interventions. It provides data on the TB burden in Ethiopia and discusses the country's TB control strategies. The presentation aims to increase understanding of TB for health professionals.
TB is an ancient disease that has infected humans for thousands of years. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is spread through airborne droplets when people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze or spit. Not everyone exposed to TB becomes infected, and only a small percentage of those infected will develop active disease, depending on factors like their immune status. Active TB most commonly affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays, sputum smears and cultures. Treatment requires multiple antibiotics taken for at least 6 months to cure the infection and prevent transmission.
Epidemiology & Control measures for Tuberculosis. AB Rajar
n this Lecture I tried my best to include all essential features about the TB disease. I hope that this will help to undergraduate Medical students for better understanding the Disease.
Similar to Tuberculosis: Why are we still fighting tb final (12)
The best massage spa Ajman is Chandrima Spa Ajman, which was founded in 2023 and is exclusively for men 24 hours a day. As of right now, our parent firm has been providing massage services to over 50,000+ clients in Ajman for the past 10 years. It has about 8+ branches. This demonstrates that Chandrima Spa Ajman is among the most reasonably priced spas in Ajman and the ideal place to unwind and rejuvenate. We provide a wide range of Spa massage treatments, including Indian, Pakistani, Kerala, Malayali, and body-to-body massages. Numerous massage techniques are available, including deep tissue, Swedish, Thai, Russian, and hot stone massages. Our massage therapists produce genuinely unique treatments that generate a revitalized sense of inner serenely by fusing modern techniques, the cleanest natural substances, and traditional holistic therapists.
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...nirahealhty
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
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MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
Let's Talk About It: Breast Cancer (What is Mindset and Does it Really Matter?)bkling
Your mindset is the way you make sense of the world around you. This lens influences the way you think, the way you feel, and how you might behave in certain situations. Let's talk about mindset myths that can get us into trouble and ways to cultivate a mindset to support your cancer survivorship in authentic ways. Let’s Talk About It!
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2. WHY ARE WE STILL FIGHTING TUBERCULOSIS?
CALL TO ACTION FOR A TB FREE UAE
P R E PA R E D
B Y
D R . S H E R I F F M U I D E E N
( M B B S , M N I M , M P H , F R S P H )
C O M M U N I T Y / P U B L I C H E A LT H S P E C I A L I S T
R A K - P M D .
4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To discus the history of
Tuberculosis
To highlight the key issues why
we are still fighting Tuberculosis
Epidemiology of TB and at Risk
Individual’s
Identify the obstacles and
challenges of TB disease
Doing things Differently in fighting
TB: Who is going to do it?
5. INTRODUCTION
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most
ancient diseases of mankind, with
molecular evidence going back to over
12,000 years.
It’s a disease that has plagued
human since the Paleolithic era (Old
Stone age – 2.5 million to 10,000
years ago)
6. INTRODUCTION
According to World Health
Organization (WHO), TB is a
worldwide pandemic. It is a leading
cause of death among HIV-infected
people.
In spite of newer modalities for
diagnosis and treatment of TB,
unfortunately, people are still
suffering, and worldwide it is among
the top 10 killer infectious diseases,
second only to HIV.
9. TB HISTORY….
ONE DISEASE ………… MANY NAMES
Consumption Disease
Phthisis
Pott’s Disease
White Death/ White Plague
King’s Evil
The Robber of youths
Graveyard Cough
These are all terms used to describe Tuberculosis
throughout history
10. TB HISTORY…
Consumption Disease ..Because of the severe weight loss that is
associated with the disease and the way the infection appear to
“Consume the patient”
Phthisis Pulmonalis … Phthisis (Φθισις) is a Greek word for
consumption, an old term for pulmonary tuberculosis coined by
Hipocrate around 460 BCE, Hippocrates described phthisis as a
disease of dry seasons.
Pott’s Disease … is a form of tuberculosis that occurs outside the
lungs whereby disease is seen in the vertebrae. A kind of
tuberculous arthritis of the intervertebral joints. (Spinal TB).
White Death (or White Plague)… Because of the extreme pallor
seen among those infected
Synonyms:Phthisis
, Phthisis Pulmonalis,
consumption
11. TB HISTORY….
Robber of the youths… Because it’s a fatal disease for
the young
King’s Evil …… In the 16th century, the illness was
known in England and France as "king's evil", and it
was widely believed that persons affected could heal
after a royal touch
Graveyard Cough… Because of its death related
chances.
12. OTHER NAMES OR NICKNAMES THAT ARE USED, OR USED TO BE USED, FOR
TUBERCULOSIS!
Consumption disease Lungers Rapid Consumption Emphysema Tisica
Miner’s consumption White Plague Rock on the chest Coughing Sickness One way trip to
Arizona
Phtisis Bowgalosha Silicosis Croup Decline
Slow Consumption Been dusted Rock in the lung Cattarrh of the head Tuberculosis
Hasty Consumption Graveyard Cough Spitting Cough Galloping Catarrh
Lingering
Consumption
Grippe Walking
Consumption
Galloping Fever
Lung Disease Inflamation of the
Lungs
Wasting away
disease
Galloping TB
Lung Trouble Miner’s Puff White Death The Con
Miner’s Con Quick Pneumonia Two Bugs in a locust Came West too late
The Bugs Rale The Hickey Consumption of the
Lung
13. TB HISTORY…
TUBERCULOSIS…..
The greatest killer of all time….
The Captain of all the men of
death (Death merchant)
Over the last 100 years, TB has
killed more than 100 million
people
14. TB HISTORY…
One in 4 died of the disease in 1800,
and by the late 1890s, it was still one
in 7
Until the early twentieth century, TB
was the greatest killer of all time
Among the communicable diseases,
TB is the second leading cause of
death worldwide after HIV
TB is one of the top 3 killer diseases
world wide along side HIV and Malaria
16. TB HISTORY …..
460BC
Hippocrates identifies phtisis
(greek word meaning
"consumption") as the most
widespread disease of the
times and notes that is almost
always fatal
19. TB HISTORY….
Ibn Sina, was the first to write
that Pulmonary TB was a
contagious disease thereby
requiring a method called
quarantine to limit its spread
24. ISSUES IN FIGHTING TB.
KEY ISSUES why we are still fighting TB
Only 132 000 people with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) diagnosed (out
of an estimated 580 000 new DR TB cases), and only 50% of those
that started the life-saving DR-TB regimens are cured.
(WHO Global TB Report 2016)
TB epidemiology is closely connected with social and economic
conditions which makes TB prevention, care and control even
more challenging.
25. TB AND ASSOCIATED SOCIAL ECONOMIC RISK FACTORS
HIV, PRISON, WOMEN, DIABETES, ALCOHOL, DRUG ABUSE,
AND SMOKING SSSMSMOKING
26. Epidemiology of TB ….
TB is a global disease….It’s found in all countries of the world
It affect all age groups…. but fatal in elderly and the young
It is found in all gender …. but about 2 times common in men
Roughly One-Quarter (2 Billion people ) of the world's population
has been infected with MTB.
27. EPIDEMIOLOGY….
At every second somewhere, someone is being
infected with TB.
It kills more than 3 million people annually
In 2017, an estimated 10 million people fell ill
with tuberculosis(TB) worldwide. 5.8 million
men, 3.2 million women and 1.0 million children
33. EPIDEMIOLOGY
In 2018, there were an estimated 8.5 million incidence cases of TB
globally
It’s equivalent to 125 cases in 100,000 population
Asian……………59%
Africa ………….. 26%
Eastern Mediterranean Region ……….. 7.7%
European Region …………. 4.3%
American Region ………….. 3%
34. EPIDEMIOLOGY….
Reactivation of LTBI … People who are infected with both
TB and HIV are 25 to 30 times more likely to develop
TB again than people only infected with T.B
Primary Infection …. New Tubercular infection in people
with HIV can progress to active disease very quickly
Recurring Infection… In people who were initially cured of
TB
40. WHY ARE WE STILL FIGHTING TB?
After centuries of deaths and decades of research,
why are we still fighting this deadly disease?
41. CHALLENGES & OBSTACLES
Challenges contd….
The public health challenge of TB has been managed by a
number of drugs and treatment strategies over the years, but
this challenge has always been much bigger in certain parts of
the world.
One of the numerous reasons we are still fighting TB is due
to the spread of HIV infection which has been a major
factor in managing the TB challenge.
42. OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES IN FIGHTING TB…
The increasing resistance of MTB strains to the high efficacy first
line anti-TB drugs (WHO, 2009) which leads to the growing
incidences of drug resistant strains, multiple drug resistant
(MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) is also a strong
factor we are still fighting TB today.
43. WHY WE ARE STILL FIGHTING TB TODAY.
Challenges to control TB in many parts of the world;
poor primary health-care infrastructure in rural areas
Unregulated private health care leading to widespread irrational use of
first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs
Lack of political will
corrupt administration.
44. Other factors that may contribute in disease progression include;
poverty,
population expansion,
active transmission in overcrowded places (hospitals, prisons,
labor camp, and other public places),
migration of individuals from high-incidence countries due to
wars or famine, drug abuse, social decay,
45. homelessness
Technical problems like poor quality of detection
Health status (old age, malnutrition, and medical
conditions that compromise the immune system)
47. CALL TO ACTION FOR TB FREE UAE
o THE global battle to end tb will not be possible
without the proper involvement of its most
important stakeholder, the people and
communities affected by this disease
o Engagement of TB affected communities at
national, regional and global level remains
superficial and limited .
50. CALL TO ACTION FOR TB FREE UAE
CONTD.
Recent statistics showed that the UAE still holds the
lowest rank in terms of TB cases
- The country, in the year 2002, registered around 90
cases out of 168,7000 cases reported in the 22 countries
of the region, including the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council
(AGCC) countries.
- Saudi Arabia registered 3,374 TB cases during the same
year while Qatar recorded 278 cases, Bahrain 193 cases,
Kuwait 341cases, Oman 290 cases and Yemen 7,231
cases.
51. CALL TO ACTION FOR A TB FREE UAE
The incidence of TB in UAE had since been
dropping consecutively due largely to
concerted effort by the government to raise
awareness on the disease and its screening
as well as prompt diagnosis and treatment.
52. CALL TO ACTION FOR TB FREE UAE
Nationality
Distribution of TB cases by
Nationality
Emirati 6
Non Emirati 22
Total 28
21%
79%
Emarati
Non Emarati
53. CALL TO ACTION FOR TB FREE UAE.
We need to do things differently to achieve a UAE free
TB
There is need to intensify awareness, health
education and stigmatization of TB
Raise screening awareness, diagnosis and prompt
treatment where needed.
57. REFERENCES
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