The document discusses potential topics for an energy chapter in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement between the EU and US. It notes that while an energy chapter could increase energy security and trade, it may also face opposition and have negative environmental impacts if it leads to increased fossil fuel production and use. Any energy chapter would need to ensure the EU's energy transition goals are not undermined and promote cooperation on renewable energy and efficiency. Key issues that could be addressed include reducing barriers to trade in green technologies, developing common emission reduction policies, and transatlantic collaboration on sustainable energy areas like smart grids and energy storage. Overall, the document analyzes both benefits and risks that would need to be weighed in considering
The document summarizes Wood Mackenzie's 2023 Energy Transition Outlook, which models three scenarios for the global energy transition - a base case consistent with 2.5°C warming, a country pledges scenario consistent with below 2°C warming, and a net zero 2050 scenario consistent with 1.5°C warming. The base case sees electricity rising to 22% of final energy demand by 2030 but is not consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C, while the net zero scenario requires more rapid changes including electricity reaching 50% of final demand by 2050 through technologies like low-carbon hydrogen and CCUS. Annual investment of $2.7 trillion is needed to achieve the net zero scenario compared to
Global Energy Trends in European-Russian ContextDmitry Shtykhno
Presented to the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Applied Business and Entrepreneurship Association International (ABEAI) Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA November 16-20, 2010.
Research examines global energy and focuses on important trends and implications: shifts in energy supply-demand and global energy security implications; shortages in proven deposits and increasing demand for oil worldwide that drive energy-related technological and political-economic changes; environmental and economic pressure pushing for renewable energy and changing the global energy equation. Research explores the dynamics of energy sector in Russia and their impacts on the European region where dependence on Russia is exacerbated by increasing competition for energy access from economic giants of China, India, and other emerging economies.
UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) Research Director Professor Jim Watson talks about "Energy policy in flux: implications for electricity markets" at the Welsh Low Carbon Research Institute on 05 November 2013.
This presentation by Georg ZACHMANN, Senior fellow at Bruegel, was made during the discussion “Competition in Energy Markets” held at the 74th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 28 November 2022. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at https://oe.cd/ciem
The document discusses the role of universities in addressing climate change. It summarizes the work of the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), an independent body established under the UK Climate Change Act to advise the government on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The CCC recommends that the UK reduce emissions by at least 80% by 2050 from 1990 levels through measures like decarbonizing electricity generation, increasing renewable energy and electric vehicles, and improving building efficiency. Universities have a key role to play in the innovation needed to achieve these targets through research, developing new technologies, and training graduates with low-carbon skills.
The document discusses the potential impacts of Brexit on EU environmental law and policymaking. It notes that Brexit presents an unprecedented situation with few historical precedents to guide negotiations. Depending on how negotiations proceed, there is a risk of the UK leaving without a deal or getting a deal that damages some EU interests and sets a bad precedent. Brexit could have indirect impacts like distracting attention from environmental issues or encouraging weaker enforcement. It may also increase complexity regarding issues like trade, different sectors like fisheries and chemicals, and future EU-UK relations. The document raises many open questions and notes the uncertainty surrounding predicting impacts at this early stage.
The document summarizes Wood Mackenzie's 2023 Energy Transition Outlook, which models three scenarios for the global energy transition - a base case consistent with 2.5°C warming, a country pledges scenario consistent with below 2°C warming, and a net zero 2050 scenario consistent with 1.5°C warming. The base case sees electricity rising to 22% of final energy demand by 2030 but is not consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C, while the net zero scenario requires more rapid changes including electricity reaching 50% of final demand by 2050 through technologies like low-carbon hydrogen and CCUS. Annual investment of $2.7 trillion is needed to achieve the net zero scenario compared to
Global Energy Trends in European-Russian ContextDmitry Shtykhno
Presented to the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Applied Business and Entrepreneurship Association International (ABEAI) Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA November 16-20, 2010.
Research examines global energy and focuses on important trends and implications: shifts in energy supply-demand and global energy security implications; shortages in proven deposits and increasing demand for oil worldwide that drive energy-related technological and political-economic changes; environmental and economic pressure pushing for renewable energy and changing the global energy equation. Research explores the dynamics of energy sector in Russia and their impacts on the European region where dependence on Russia is exacerbated by increasing competition for energy access from economic giants of China, India, and other emerging economies.
UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) Research Director Professor Jim Watson talks about "Energy policy in flux: implications for electricity markets" at the Welsh Low Carbon Research Institute on 05 November 2013.
This presentation by Georg ZACHMANN, Senior fellow at Bruegel, was made during the discussion “Competition in Energy Markets” held at the 74th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 28 November 2022. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at https://oe.cd/ciem
The document discusses the role of universities in addressing climate change. It summarizes the work of the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), an independent body established under the UK Climate Change Act to advise the government on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The CCC recommends that the UK reduce emissions by at least 80% by 2050 from 1990 levels through measures like decarbonizing electricity generation, increasing renewable energy and electric vehicles, and improving building efficiency. Universities have a key role to play in the innovation needed to achieve these targets through research, developing new technologies, and training graduates with low-carbon skills.
The document discusses the potential impacts of Brexit on EU environmental law and policymaking. It notes that Brexit presents an unprecedented situation with few historical precedents to guide negotiations. Depending on how negotiations proceed, there is a risk of the UK leaving without a deal or getting a deal that damages some EU interests and sets a bad precedent. Brexit could have indirect impacts like distracting attention from environmental issues or encouraging weaker enforcement. It may also increase complexity regarding issues like trade, different sectors like fisheries and chemicals, and future EU-UK relations. The document raises many open questions and notes the uncertainty surrounding predicting impacts at this early stage.
Gas security of supply gas forum nov 2014Gas Forum
David Cox, managing director of the Gas Forum, presented and chaired session on security of gas supply at the Gas to Power conference in London, on Thursday 20th November.
¿Energía sostenible para el mundo?
Por Sir Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Director de Investigación Energética en la Universidad de Oxford y Ex director general del CERN.
15.02, Group 5 — Problems concerning sustainability of Energy System in UkraineWDC_Ukraine
Ukrainian energy system faces several problems, including overdependence on Russian energy imports, inefficient electricity infrastructure, and lack of investment in modernization. Ukraine consumes large amounts of natural gas, over 70% of which comes from Russia, posing a threat to Ukraine's national security. Domestic gas production only meets a small portion of the country's needs and reserves are limited. Additionally, 14% of electricity is lost during transmission and many users do not pay their utility bills. The fossil fuel industry relies on outdated practices and equipment rather than investing in sustainable solutions, and businesses exert political influence to maintain the status quo.
Snam's 2020-2024 strategic plan commits the company to net zero by 2040 and establishes a new ESG scorecard. It outlines Snam's role in enabling the decarbonization of the energy system through investments that support the development of hydrogen and biomethane. Snam's assets are planned to be future-proofed to transport methane, biomethane and increasingly hydrogen. The plan also highlights growth opportunities for Snam along the green gas value chain and how the company's skills and infrastructure position it for success in a net zero environment.
The document discusses several key issues around global energy demand, domestic US energy production, and environmental policy goals. It notes that while energy demand is increasing, barriers to development of domestic oil, gas and other energy sources have also increased due to environmental concerns. However, it argues that "acceptable" renewable energy alone cannot meet growing demand. It questions whether ambitious environmental emissions reduction targets can realistically be met and what the large-scale implications would be.
This document discusses various energy scenarios from the past, present and future. It outlines 4 broad energy scenarios for the future: techno-explosion, techno-stability, energy descent, and collapse. It also summarizes key IEA energy scenarios - the 6°C scenario projects a long-term temperature rise of at least 6°C without efforts to limit emissions. The 4°C scenario requires significant policy and technology changes to limit warming to 4°C. The 2°C scenario requires cutting energy CO2 emissions by over half by 2050 compared to 2009 to have an 80% chance of staying below a 2°C rise.
Solar has strong long-term growth potential due to falling costs and increasing government support. Solar costs have already fallen 85% since 2010 and are projected to drop another 71% by 2050, making solar competitive with or cheaper than fossil fuel electricity sources. The solar industry is growing rapidly at a 21% annual rate, led by China, India, the US and Japan. Pairing solar with battery storage provides a robust 24/7 renewable energy solution as battery costs also continue to decline sharply. The MAC Global Solar Energy Index tracks the performance of publicly traded solar companies and provides a diversified way to invest in the global solar sector through an exchange traded fund.
A report published by the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions in June 2013 which looks at how the use of natural gas can be paired with renewable energy sources in the coming years to further reduce so-called greenhouse gas emissions--carbon and methane--which theoretically will help reduce (don't laugh), "climate change." Of course the climate changes all the time, but don't tell the politicians and Mother Earth worshipers that.
This document discusses policies and challenges related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. It notes that while the link between emissions and global warming is established, the timing and location of impacts remain uncertain. Transitioning away from fossil fuels is difficult as infrastructure built around cheap fossil fuels takes decades to replace. Managing emissions from developing countries will also be important as populations and energy usage grow. Technologies exist to reduce emissions but require long-term planning and global political cooperation to implement gradually through infrastructure replacement.
This document summarizes key trends in global energy demand and supply through 2030. It finds that global energy demand is projected to increase by over 50% by 2030, with over 70% of increased demand coming from developing countries like China and India. Fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal will remain the dominant energy sources but their production and reserves are unevenly distributed. Environmental constraints like climate change will also impact future energy systems. Significant technological and policy changes will be needed to address challenges of growing and shifting global energy demand and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Gilberto Callera e Paolo D'Ermo - WEC Italia - WEC Energy Scenarios to 2050WEC Italia
The document summarizes key findings from the World Energy Council's World Energy Scenarios report, which models two scenarios for the global energy system up to 2050. The scenarios differ in their assumptions around the role of governments, climate policy, and other factors. Key findings include:
- Fossil fuels will likely still dominate primary energy supply by 2050, though their share decreases from 80% today to 59-77% by 2050 depending on the scenario.
- Global energy demand is projected to increase significantly by 2050, ranging from 629 exajoules in the consumer-focused "Jazz" scenario to 491 exajoules in the environmentally-focused "Symphony"
The document provides an overview of trends shaping the future of the energy industry, including shifts in oil, gas, power generation and renewables. It discusses major themes like climate change, the evolution of business models, and the power shift underway in the industry. The presentation covers topics such as global energy outlooks, the oil and gas value chain, the growth of renewable energy sources, climate change impacts on the energy sector, and European energy policies over time. It aims to describe the changing landscape in energy markets and the careers available in the evolving industry.
The impact of Brexit on climate and energy policyRichard Tol
The UK has decided to leave the EU but maintain its climate targets. However, three central planks of UK climate policy, emission permit trade, interconnection, and nuclear power, depend on the EU. This paper discusses the implications of Brexit for climate policy.
The document summarizes key points from the World Energy Outlook 2010 report by the International Energy Agency. It finds that while recent policy commitments would help reduce energy demand growth and carbon emissions, they are not enough to put the world on a sustainable path. Energy demand from developing countries like China is growing rapidly. Fossil fuels, especially coal, will continue to dominate the energy mix but renewables and natural gas will grow significantly. Stronger policies are needed to transition to a lower-carbon energy system and limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius.
This document discusses potential geoengineering options to address long-term climate change given that greenhouse gas emission reductions are not expected to occur quickly enough. It proposes increasing the reflectivity of the Earth's surface, known as albedo enhancement, by making surfaces whiter to reflect more sunlight back to space. This could help offset warming from greenhouse gases and buy more time for emission reduction technologies to develop. The document also discusses other geoengineering ideas but identifies issues with feasibility or unintended consequences.
This document summarizes a presentation on the UK's energy policy goals and low carbon transition. It discusses the shifting priorities of security, affordability and emissions reductions. It outlines the UK's progress in reducing emissions through changes in electricity supply, including less coal and more gas, nuclear and renewables. However, it notes significant uncertainties around technology costs and the role of gas in providing secure, low carbon electricity. Flexibility options and greater interconnectors are proposed to maintain security as the system transitions to lower carbon sources.
This document discusses factors that will influence countries' efforts to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to climate change. It summarizes that decarbonization poses economic challenges but can also support competitiveness if accompanied by smart policy. Major countries like the EU, China, Russia and US each have their own economic considerations regarding balancing emissions reductions and competitiveness. The geopolitical impacts of reducing fossil fuel dependence are also discussed, as is the potential for climate change impacts to exacerbate instability in vulnerable regions.
Gas security of supply gas forum nov 2014Gas Forum
David Cox, managing director of the Gas Forum, presented and chaired session on security of gas supply at the Gas to Power conference in London, on Thursday 20th November.
¿Energía sostenible para el mundo?
Por Sir Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Director de Investigación Energética en la Universidad de Oxford y Ex director general del CERN.
15.02, Group 5 — Problems concerning sustainability of Energy System in UkraineWDC_Ukraine
Ukrainian energy system faces several problems, including overdependence on Russian energy imports, inefficient electricity infrastructure, and lack of investment in modernization. Ukraine consumes large amounts of natural gas, over 70% of which comes from Russia, posing a threat to Ukraine's national security. Domestic gas production only meets a small portion of the country's needs and reserves are limited. Additionally, 14% of electricity is lost during transmission and many users do not pay their utility bills. The fossil fuel industry relies on outdated practices and equipment rather than investing in sustainable solutions, and businesses exert political influence to maintain the status quo.
Snam's 2020-2024 strategic plan commits the company to net zero by 2040 and establishes a new ESG scorecard. It outlines Snam's role in enabling the decarbonization of the energy system through investments that support the development of hydrogen and biomethane. Snam's assets are planned to be future-proofed to transport methane, biomethane and increasingly hydrogen. The plan also highlights growth opportunities for Snam along the green gas value chain and how the company's skills and infrastructure position it for success in a net zero environment.
The document discusses several key issues around global energy demand, domestic US energy production, and environmental policy goals. It notes that while energy demand is increasing, barriers to development of domestic oil, gas and other energy sources have also increased due to environmental concerns. However, it argues that "acceptable" renewable energy alone cannot meet growing demand. It questions whether ambitious environmental emissions reduction targets can realistically be met and what the large-scale implications would be.
This document discusses various energy scenarios from the past, present and future. It outlines 4 broad energy scenarios for the future: techno-explosion, techno-stability, energy descent, and collapse. It also summarizes key IEA energy scenarios - the 6°C scenario projects a long-term temperature rise of at least 6°C without efforts to limit emissions. The 4°C scenario requires significant policy and technology changes to limit warming to 4°C. The 2°C scenario requires cutting energy CO2 emissions by over half by 2050 compared to 2009 to have an 80% chance of staying below a 2°C rise.
Solar has strong long-term growth potential due to falling costs and increasing government support. Solar costs have already fallen 85% since 2010 and are projected to drop another 71% by 2050, making solar competitive with or cheaper than fossil fuel electricity sources. The solar industry is growing rapidly at a 21% annual rate, led by China, India, the US and Japan. Pairing solar with battery storage provides a robust 24/7 renewable energy solution as battery costs also continue to decline sharply. The MAC Global Solar Energy Index tracks the performance of publicly traded solar companies and provides a diversified way to invest in the global solar sector through an exchange traded fund.
A report published by the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions in June 2013 which looks at how the use of natural gas can be paired with renewable energy sources in the coming years to further reduce so-called greenhouse gas emissions--carbon and methane--which theoretically will help reduce (don't laugh), "climate change." Of course the climate changes all the time, but don't tell the politicians and Mother Earth worshipers that.
This document discusses policies and challenges related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. It notes that while the link between emissions and global warming is established, the timing and location of impacts remain uncertain. Transitioning away from fossil fuels is difficult as infrastructure built around cheap fossil fuels takes decades to replace. Managing emissions from developing countries will also be important as populations and energy usage grow. Technologies exist to reduce emissions but require long-term planning and global political cooperation to implement gradually through infrastructure replacement.
This document summarizes key trends in global energy demand and supply through 2030. It finds that global energy demand is projected to increase by over 50% by 2030, with over 70% of increased demand coming from developing countries like China and India. Fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal will remain the dominant energy sources but their production and reserves are unevenly distributed. Environmental constraints like climate change will also impact future energy systems. Significant technological and policy changes will be needed to address challenges of growing and shifting global energy demand and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Gilberto Callera e Paolo D'Ermo - WEC Italia - WEC Energy Scenarios to 2050WEC Italia
The document summarizes key findings from the World Energy Council's World Energy Scenarios report, which models two scenarios for the global energy system up to 2050. The scenarios differ in their assumptions around the role of governments, climate policy, and other factors. Key findings include:
- Fossil fuels will likely still dominate primary energy supply by 2050, though their share decreases from 80% today to 59-77% by 2050 depending on the scenario.
- Global energy demand is projected to increase significantly by 2050, ranging from 629 exajoules in the consumer-focused "Jazz" scenario to 491 exajoules in the environmentally-focused "Symphony"
The document provides an overview of trends shaping the future of the energy industry, including shifts in oil, gas, power generation and renewables. It discusses major themes like climate change, the evolution of business models, and the power shift underway in the industry. The presentation covers topics such as global energy outlooks, the oil and gas value chain, the growth of renewable energy sources, climate change impacts on the energy sector, and European energy policies over time. It aims to describe the changing landscape in energy markets and the careers available in the evolving industry.
The impact of Brexit on climate and energy policyRichard Tol
The UK has decided to leave the EU but maintain its climate targets. However, three central planks of UK climate policy, emission permit trade, interconnection, and nuclear power, depend on the EU. This paper discusses the implications of Brexit for climate policy.
The document summarizes key points from the World Energy Outlook 2010 report by the International Energy Agency. It finds that while recent policy commitments would help reduce energy demand growth and carbon emissions, they are not enough to put the world on a sustainable path. Energy demand from developing countries like China is growing rapidly. Fossil fuels, especially coal, will continue to dominate the energy mix but renewables and natural gas will grow significantly. Stronger policies are needed to transition to a lower-carbon energy system and limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius.
This document discusses potential geoengineering options to address long-term climate change given that greenhouse gas emission reductions are not expected to occur quickly enough. It proposes increasing the reflectivity of the Earth's surface, known as albedo enhancement, by making surfaces whiter to reflect more sunlight back to space. This could help offset warming from greenhouse gases and buy more time for emission reduction technologies to develop. The document also discusses other geoengineering ideas but identifies issues with feasibility or unintended consequences.
This document summarizes a presentation on the UK's energy policy goals and low carbon transition. It discusses the shifting priorities of security, affordability and emissions reductions. It outlines the UK's progress in reducing emissions through changes in electricity supply, including less coal and more gas, nuclear and renewables. However, it notes significant uncertainties around technology costs and the role of gas in providing secure, low carbon electricity. Flexibility options and greater interconnectors are proposed to maintain security as the system transitions to lower carbon sources.
This document discusses factors that will influence countries' efforts to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to climate change. It summarizes that decarbonization poses economic challenges but can also support competitiveness if accompanied by smart policy. Major countries like the EU, China, Russia and US each have their own economic considerations regarding balancing emissions reductions and competitiveness. The geopolitical impacts of reducing fossil fuel dependence are also discussed, as is the potential for climate change impacts to exacerbate instability in vulnerable regions.
This document discusses various aspects of financial ratio analysis, including:
1) Calculating and analyzing key ratios such as the current ratio, inventory turnover, days sales outstanding, and profitability ratios for a company.
2) Using the DuPont analysis and extended DuPont equation to break down return on equity.
3) The potential limitations and qualitative factors to consider when evaluating a company's ratios and future performance.
The document provides an overview of key financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows) and concepts (accounting income vs cash flow, EVA, taxes). It includes examples from a company called D'Leon that recently expanded its operations. The expansion increased D'Leon's sales but resulted in negative net income, cash flow, and EVA in 2002 compared to 2001. D'Leon financed the expansion using external debt.
This document provides an overview of financial management. It discusses career opportunities in finance including money/capital markets and investments. The responsibilities of financial staff are to maximize stock value through forecasting, planning, decisions on investments/financing, coordinating/controlling transactions, and managing risk. Forms of business include sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Corporations have the goal of shareholder wealth maximization through stock price increases. Agency relationships exist between shareholders/managers and shareholders/creditors.
Strategic supply chain management operates at the highest level and involves long-term decisions about product development, customers, manufacturing, inventory, suppliers, and logistics that align with overall corporate strategy. These strategic decisions determine the overall direction of the company's supply chain and are refined at tactical and operational levels. The goal is to deliver customer orders accurately and on time while minimizing costs to optimize the supply chain.
This chapter discusses political risk faced by multinational corporations and strategies to manage risk. It examines how companies evaluate macro-level country risks and micro-level industry and sector risks. The chapter presents a framework to assess three dimensions of political risk: transfer risks relating to movement of capital and payments; operational risks relating to constraints on local operations; and ownership control risks relating to restrictions on ownership and control. It also discusses quantitative and qualitative techniques used to analyze risk, as well as integrative, protective, and proactive strategies companies employ to mitigate risk and develop productive government relations. Finally, it addresses challenges in managing alliances and joint ventures.
The document discusses key findings about the oil and gas industry and energy transitions from an IEA analysis. It finds that:
1) The oil and gas industry faces the challenge of balancing short-term returns with its long-term license to operate as societies demand reductions in emissions alongside energy.
2) No company will be unaffected by clean energy transitions, so every part of the industry needs to consider how to respond.
3) So far, investment by oil and gas companies outside their core business has been less than 1% of total capital expenditure.
Presentation of the Guidelines 2016_ English.pptxMamdouh Mohamed
This document provides guidelines for emerging oil and gas producing countries on good governance practices. It discusses establishing a strategic vision for the petroleum sector that is aligned with the national development plan. Key recommendations include conducting public consultations to set priorities, planning for long-term success, and reassessing objectives every 3-5 years. It also addresses attracting qualified investors through transparent licensing processes, collecting geological data to reduce risk, and establishing clear prequalification criteria for bidders. Frontier areas may require different licensing formats than more prospective acreage to generate investor interest.
Political risk analysis evaluates risks faced by governments, investors, and corporations from political instability and policy changes. It assesses risks from shifts in political power, conflicts, corruption, and other events. Political risk includes risks from a country's political system, economic system, legal framework, social stability, corruption, and security issues. Many actors underestimate political risks and rely too heavily on economic analysis rather than specialized political risk assessments. A thorough political risk analysis examines a country's government, policy process, political culture, and both domestic and external actors and public opinion. It also considers factors like governance, rule of law, and challenges to state authority from opposition groups or international actors.
Political risk analysis evaluates risks faced by governments, investors, and corporations from political instability and policy changes. It assesses risks from shifts in political power, conflicts, corruption, and other events. Political risk includes risks from a country's political system, economic system, legal framework, social stability, corruption, and security issues. Many actors underestimate political risks and rely too heavily on economic analysis rather than specialized political risk assessments. A thorough political risk analysis examines a country's government, policy process, political culture, actors, and public opinion to evaluate potential risks.
Peru has a National Civil Defense System (SINADECI) that coordinates disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts. The National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI) leads SINADECI and implements the National Plan for Disaster Prevention and Response. Key aspects of Peru's DRR system include its legal framework, institutional structures at national and sub-national levels, and sectoral incorporation of DRR into policies. Regional cooperation on DRR occurs through participation in initiatives like the Andean Strategy. Strengths include participation of all sectors in SINADECI, while weaknesses include need for improved coordination between actors and implementation of DRR plans.
The document discusses heteroskedasticity in regression analysis. It defines heteroskedasticity as unequal variance of the error terms, unlike homoskedasticity which assumes equal variance. This can affect statistical tests by underestimating standard errors. The document outlines various tests to detect heteroskedasticity including graphical tests and formal tests like Breusch-Pagan. It also discusses resolving heteroskedasticity using generalized least squares and weighted least squares to produce efficient estimates.
This document provides an overview of the EViews command language and programming. It describes the four main components of the EViews command language: commands, functions, object views and procs, and object data members. It provides examples of common commands like wfopen, series, and equation. It also discusses functions, object views and procs, data members, and basic programming concepts in EViews like variables, control structures like if/else and for loops, and program arguments.
The document provides guidance on defining a product for export market analysis. It discusses defining the core, actual, and augmented elements of a product. The core product is the basic problem-solving benefit. The actual product encompasses physical attributes, and the augmented product includes additional services. Understanding these elements aids in segmentation, positioning and identifying competitors. It also explains how to determine a product's Harmonized System (HS) code for international trade and national tariff line (NTL) codes for specific countries to aid market research.
The document provides an overview of modeling and forecasting techniques using EViews software. It discusses the main forecasting steps, which include preparing and processing data, estimating linear equations and pool data equations, univariate time series modeling and forecasting, and using error correction models for long-term and short-term prediction. The document uses examples of consumer price index data to demonstrate preparing data, identifying appropriate time series models like ARMA, and generating forecasts using Box-Jenkins and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing methods.
The document provides an introduction to using Trade Map indicators to conduct market scanning and select target export markets. It discusses key concepts like identifying target markets, comparing markets across criteria like size, growth, and competition using standardized scores. Trade Map is introduced as an online tool that provides trade data indicators needed for market scanning, like market size, growth rates, unit values, and competition levels. The document emphasizes benchmarking growth rates and interpreting unit values to better understand market dynamics. It also highlights limitations of mirror trade data and demonstrates how to assign scores to criteria in a market scan analysis to identify the most attractive markets.
This document provides guidance on conducting market research to gather trade information. It outlines the steps to systematically organize research, including identifying relevant sources, recording findings, analyzing information, and understanding market implications. Key sources of trade information discussed include institutional websites, international market research companies, and tools like CBI's Market Intelligence Platform. The document emphasizes a structured approach to research using frameworks like the 9Ps to comprehensively gather and record up-to-date, reliable intelligence on target markets.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
2. Energy and trade: an uneasy relation
• Export restrictions are common in the energy sector, no global rules for
liberalisation of trade in energy
• No global energy governance, no global framework (not addressed in
GATT/WTO agreements)
• Energy Charter Treaty
Extends general WTO provisions apply to trade in energy goods and services
Protection of FDI and dispute settlement
Principle of national sovereignty on energy issues
Rules on energy transport
• Specific energy chapters in trade agreements are an exception (EU Ukraine)
• Energy chapter could deepen the transatlantic alliance but also create
opposition (environmental contentious controversial imports of shale
gas/oil)
• US is rather sceptical
2
4. The energy transition: a serious social challenge
4
2005 2007 2010 2011 2012
Coal 233.000 222.400 215.100
Petrol 73.200 78.600 79.200
Metal ores 45.000
Other mining and quarrying 213.900 212.400 210.100
Mining support activities 52.500 60.100 64.500
Total Mining and quarrying 786.900 795.700 572.600 573.500 613.900
Paper 754.600 730.000 645.800 656.000 649.300
Coke 198.700 190.500 129.400 125.800 127.500
Chemicals 1.368.400 1.348.100 1.160.000 1.200.000 1.200.000
Rubber and plastics 1.703.300 1.724.700 1.615.500 1.659.200 1.626.600
Other non-metal products (glas, ceramics)1.616.600 1.628.500 1.341.000 1.340.000 1.278.200
Basic metals 1.226.500 1.240.200 1.000.000 1.020.000 1.000.000
Total 7.655.000 7.657.700 6.464.300 6.574.500 6.495.500
Source: Eurostat
5. Green jobs in the EU
5
CEPAREMA 2004 2007 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total environmental protection and resource management activities
3.015.000 3.343.000 3.903.000 4.135.000 4.132.000 4.159.000
Total environmental protection activities 2.106.000 2.209.000 2.385.000 2.409.000 2.425.000 2.449.000
Protection of ambient air and climate 102.000 110.000 101.000 105.000 99.000 104.000
Protection of climate and ozone layer : : : : : :
Wastewater management 599.000 573.000 584.000 593.000 584.000 589.000
Waste management 873.000 949.000 1.090.000 1.093.000 1.105.000 1.109.000
Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water
226.000 241.000 275.000 286.000 301.000 313.000
Noise and vibration abatement (excluding workplace protection)
29.000 26.000 24.000 22.000 23.000 23.000
Protection of biodiversity and landscapes 125.000 128.000 128.000 129.000 123.000 127.000
Protection against radiation; environmental research and development; other environmental protection activities
152.000 182.000 183.000 181.000 189.000 186.000
Protection against radiation (excluding external safety) : : : : : :
Environmental research and development : : : : : :
Environmental research and development for the protection of atmosphere and climate
: : : : : :
Other environmental protection activities : : : : : :
Total resource management activities 909.000 1.135.000 1.518.000 1.726.000 1.707.000 1.710.000
Management of waters 137.000 140.000 141.000 143.000 142.000 142.000
Management of forest resources : : : : : :
Management of forest areas : : : : : :
Minimisation of the intake of forest resources : : : : : :
Management of wild flora and fauna : : : : : :
Management of energy resources : : : : : :
Production of energy from renewable sources 295.000 332.000 646.000 814.000 753.000 715.000
Heat/energy saving and management 477.000 663.000 731.000 769.000 812.000 853.000
Minimisation of the use of fossil energy as raw materials : : : : : :
Management of minerals : : : : : :
Research and development activities for resource management
: : : : : :
Other resource management activities : : : : : :
Management of wild flora and fauna; research and development activities for resource management; other resource management activitie
: : : : : :
6. ‘Just transition’: easy to define, difficult to
implement
Restructuring of traditonal industrial sectors into sustainable structures
requires timely anticipation of change and
Smooth transition between jobs (socially acceptable restructuring,
regional reconversion)
Tackling carbon leakage
Ensuring that the new jobs are also high-quality jobs
Active labour market policies:
• Timely anticipation of new skills needs
• Upskilling in green skills
• Promotion of STEM-education
Sustainability strategies may not negatively impact the distribution of
welfare (eco-taxes or subsidies!)
6
8. EU
• Energy dependence increased from 40% in the 80’s to 53%: an
important strategic weakness
• Russia represents 30% of crude oil imports and 40% of natural gas
imports
• Currenty the EU produces about 34% of its internal natural gas
demand but domestic production is in decline
• On the other hand: an expected increase of demand for gas of 20%-
50% by 2035 (phasing out of coal fired pants)
● Transport relies for 94% on oil, of which 90% is imported (also
European oil production is in decline)
● Consumption of coal fell by 40% since 1990
Today 27% of power generation (40% globally and in US, 80% in China)
• No imports from the US
8
9. ● Industrial gas prices are twice as high as in the US
● Industrial electricity prices are 30% higher as in the US
● Ever growing share of renewables will reduce dependence of
imports of fossil fuels
● EU has a share of 40% of all patents in renewable technologies
• 75% of the housing stock is energy inefficient
9
10. US
• US became world’s largest natural gas producer in 2012 and the largest oil
producer in 2013
• US crude oil imports have dropped from 67% of total demand in 2008 to 27%
in 2014
• US will become a net-exporter of gas from next year onwards
• The ‘unconventional revolution’: the energy event of the last decade
End of discussion on peak oil
Low energy prices for some time (- 50% between 2008 and 2013)
US energy companies are pushing for selling their strongly risen
production of oil and gas overseas
Cheap shale gas in the US displaced coal and by doing so it flooded non-US
markets with cheaper coal then ever before (result: reduction of CO2
emissions in the US, but increase elsewhere)
• Coal is still 39% of the power mix
10
11. • 1938 US Natural Gas Act requires the authorization of LNG exports
to third countries (licenses based on the national interest), but
allows for automatic authorization of LNG exports to all countries
with which the US has a FTA
• Ban on oil exports dating back to the mid 1970’s lifted on 18
December 2015
• Opinions about exports are divided
Protectionists:
• (new) reserves have to power the domestic economy as long as possible (energy
security)
Maximalising US exports:
• Will support global growth over time and thus also domestic growth.
• Will increase domestic prices
• Fear that depressed prices will make shale gas uneconomic
11
12. An Energy Chapter should be good for the economy...
• A window of opportunity for the US
Oversupply of natural gas in the US
• Security of supply for the EU: Create a more stable market for gas
Tensions with Russia, our largest supplier of oil, coal and gas
• An energy chapter with the US will influence Russia’s behaviour
Tensions in the Middle East
• Imports of gas (and the consequent drop in prices) will lead to
substitution of coal imports
• Imports of crude oil will support the european refinery sector
• Locking in the US’s recent lifting of its crude oil ban and to secure
imports of LNG
12
13. • Reduce vulnerability to external energy shocks
• A lever to reinforce the Energy Union and for a more
integrated internal energy market
• Template for future agreements: setting a benchmark in terms
of transparency, non-discrimination and competition rules but
also for environmental goods and energy efficiency
• Step towards an improved global governance system for
energy
13
14. But
• No need of a specific chapter
As US ban on exports of crude oil has been lifted, TTIP will have no impact on
trade in oil (perhaps indirectly bec of closer trade relations)
TTIP provides automatically access to US gas
Energy products also covered by other chapters of TTIP on goods and services
or investment (reduction of NTB’s, non-discrimination)
WTO agreements such as national treatment, most favoured nation principle,
free transit apply also to energy products
• Devastating for the environment
Will increase production of (unconventional) fossil fuels in the US (exports to
the EU)
increase the EU’s reliance on fossil fuels
Cheap US gas will undermine development of renewable energy
Additional CO2 emissions because of the need to cool, liquefy, store and ship
LNG
Challenge of cheap coal because of oversupply in the US (coal renaissance in
the EU between 2010 and 2012: share in the EU’s power mix from 24% to 28%)
14
15. • Interconnectivity of Europe’s internal gas market needs to be improved
to fully benefit from US gas imports
• In the US investments in exports facilities ($1OObn) are needed, while
also in the EU terminals have to be created
• US exports will never offset Russian supplies
• Price of imported US LNG will always be more expensive than Russian gas
(transportation costs): the price to pay for independence from Russia
• The price has to be right (Asian prices are higher): LNG flows to the EU
must be commercially viable
• Provisions on energy could become hot political issues that make
acceptance of the agreement more difficult
• Most important advantage: mere availability of alternative sources
reduce risk of energy crises, probably no massive imports from the US
15
16. Topics proposed by the Commission
• Addressing deficiencies in existing WTO-rules
Elimination of quantitative export mechanisms on energy goods
Freedom of transit of energy goods (third party access to pipelines, access to
energy grids)
Elimination of dual pricing
Elimination of local content requirements
Nondiscriminatory access for exploitation of energy resources
State-owned entreprises required to act in commercially competitive ways
Transparency in domestic processes of licensing for trade and investment
activities in energy
• Promotion of sustainable development
Non-tariff barriers and trade irritants in environmental goods
Regulatory cooperation renewable energy and energy-efficiency
Regulatory cooperation regarding offshore oil and gas safety standards
16
17. Some recommendations for a Energy Chapter
• Not lead to delays in the energy transition
Respect of our objectives regarding renewables and energy
efficiency
• Improve our energy mix (replacing coal by gas)
• Reduce duties and NTB’s on green technologies
• Common support to the plurilateral Environmental Goods
Agreement
• Envisage the development of common rules on emissions
trading and biofuels
• Tackle emissions from aviation and maritime transport
(emission reduction targets, operational efficiency, design,
carbon pricing)
17
18. • Promote transatlantic cooperation on sustainable
development (very limited so far)
Renewable energy technologies
Energy efficiency: energy neutral building stock
Energy storage
Smart grids
Smart cities
E-mobility
CCS
Reduction of GHG intensity of fuels
18