This document provides information on various cinematography techniques used in filmmaking. It discusses shots like close-ups, medium shots, long shots, and establishing shots. It also covers camera angles, lighting, editing techniques like shot reverse shot and parallel editing, sound, and more. The document aims to concisely explain these technical elements of single-camera production and how they are used to convey meaning, emotion, and further the story.

1. Technical-single Camera production Unit
22 P.1
Extreme Close up is used to represent emotion and to show the characters
attitude but it can also to focus on one subject or object to ever indicate emotion
or purpose or what it symbolize.
It’s used in film to show emotions of a character
Or to focus on an object.
This shot shows a face of a very determined
teenager
The lighting is light with a dark contrast and the
extreme close up suggest the story is about
conflict
This close shot shows a dilemma
For a hair style
The shot is concentrate on the
book to express the dilemma and
the hand going over
Close up of the charm piece close
sup of the finger suggest want

2. Close up
is used to represent emotion and to show the characters attitude also to show where
they are directing their attention.
Close up is similar use to extreme close up but the main difference is that you can
see more of the background and the mid-ground.
Eyelevel is used for conversations and in shot reverse shot apart if it’s a dominate
figure
Profile close up can show more than emotion like in this one it shows
the TV that the kid wants to watch
it’s shot from the front so that it shows two action the hair dresser.
Which suggest the familiar and the daily routine.

3. Medium Shot
Are used to as two shot to show proximity between different
characters .
It portraits one or two subjects useful for conversation
Or their surroundings, but also to show the scale of the Mise en
Scène or even objects
Shows the shotgun and the
handler putting it on
display
It over the shoulder to
show the mise en scene
Over the shoulder this makes it look like a horror
theme were something or someone is stalking their
victim
The TV is in the background
which suggest temptation and
distraction
The boy is forcing himself to
look somewhere else

4. Extreme Long Shot
This is used to Establishes the Mise en Scène (its the same thing as in
a book were the Author describes the surrounding) it usually used at
the begin of a film or a scene with a new location or they usually to
set a new scene or it films medium and long shot from different angle
to show the grandeur and scale of the locations
it shows a snowy forest in to the first one
has natural lighting
Were as the other one is darker soft
lighting and it has balloons bouncing
around
These setting show peace and innocents.

5. Long Shot
Is to show a sense of Mise en Scène but also to
show how many characters there are depending
scene and show proximate and movement.
Also used to show danger or parcoure in front of
protagonist in Action adventures .
Also to introduce a new area of a scene with out
using an over establishing shot
This shot gives a sense of tension
and foreboding
A girl walking alone to the bus stop
followed by teenagers
Documentary type hand held
NSA rocket

6. Tracking
Is used to show movement/speed by following the movement of the
object and subject in motions and chase.
It consist of the camera is also in motion to make it look like a
Zooms
The camera lens zooms in is to show the emotions of a character or
an object to symbolize or convey a meaning .
and out to ever
Crash Zoom
it’s an extremely sudden fast zoom-in on a subject or an object.
Camera angle/positions
How the camera is positioned hand held, tripod, crane and even
drones .
Angle may be use to disorienting the audience like in an action or
speed
Also angle may be used too show a different prospective for the
audience or to convey meaning to the mise en scene and plot.

7. Camera angle
Low angle are used to portrait power and control
In the picture bane is showed as a powerful opponent
the angle is really low .
Centered is well aimed at high shoulder and eye site
(mounted on a tripod),
used for an action with shoulder high.
High is used to show a lack of power or authority for a
character usually the protagonist at
a certain moment than when the scales change the
antagonist
Like the avengers in this shot
Arial
Birds eye view from the sky it’s useful for chase scene
or establishing shots,
It’s a good camera shot also to show the scale of an
area.
The low angle on ban
shows he has the
upper hand and that
he is superior in
strength and
philosophy
Shows power the
force of power and a
conversation
Shows the lack of
power of Thor and Cap
the opponent their
facings dwarfing them
Shows Hawk eye
dropping down but not
giving up

8. Lighting
In any thing lighting is really important to determine
the atmosphere of a film
High key lighting
The lighting is used to ever make a symbolic link like a
Sacred symbolism or to make the audience think it’s magical
Low key lighting is when the film is in a film noir style.
Also Hard lighting is the same thing, both are used to
create the new or in some flashback the lighting is hard
Soft is when a light source is larger to the subject, hard light is when the light source
is small relative to the subject. This depends mostly on the following two factors: Distance.
The closer the light source, the softer it becomes. Size of light source.
Basically when light is more present of the subjects surface.
Natural
Outside filming and use natural lighting
e.g. sun light or moon light even lamppost even thought I would class it in artificial
Artificial
Is when the production use lights to illuminate a use lighting
in dim area by brining portable Lights on set.
The light makes it look mysterious and holly
it also makes it look like revealing and
discovery in in the light
The lighting makes it look mysterious but it
make it look like a film noir and I would
associate it with comedies and unexpected
story
This setting makes it feel like a
horror/ thriller with stalking an a
victim
These make it look more like a
documentary and an action
adventure

9. Establishing Shot is used to show a new location and
made to convey meaning
Reestablishing is when a new location or the same
place jus a different angle
180 Degree Editing is a shot with allot of different
shot usually used in conversations the 180 rule states
that there is a line that the camera cannot cross
because it will disorient the audience.
Used in all film but can be broken like in trainspotting
Shot Reverse Shot used in conversation to show two
or more characters
a film technique where a character is shown looking
at another character (often off-screen), and then the
other character is shown looking back at the first
character
Used in all film with conversation or quick pace
fighting in actions adventures and some sci-fi
Parallel Editing is the technique of alternating two or
more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in
different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous,
they occasionally concludes in a single place, where
the relevant subject confront each other.
it has two shots that follow the same time frame but
may have different story.
Used in the Godfather and the fifth elements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_I82117oAw
Continuity Techniques The city shot from the sky is taken
to show a new surrounding that is a
grand metropole.
007 is on the roof of a building in
London looking out it’s also an over
the shoulder.
The 180 degree in action
It’s used for shot revers shot
or a whole scene it is broken
thought if there is parallel
editing, it shows how it works
in the diagram
The diagram shows how
shot reverse shot works and
the rules of how to film.
two different children
doing different things
in a similar but
different mise en scene

10. 30 Degree Editing it’s like panning but in transitions the shot can change
point but it needs to be the same subject in quick successions
It is used in the beginning of train spotting it broke the 180 rule in that film
thought by using the 30 degree rule
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RC5zRvqnRm8
Transition Wipe, Fade In and Out, Dissolve are all transition that are used to
represent time passing and new scene
Wipe are usually combined with establishing shot
Used in Star Wars for pass of time or during time prostrate time and space
Fade/ dissolve are used to also to portrait parallel editing.
Pace and Tempo A tempo run is a faster-paced workout also known as a
lactate-threshold, LT, or threshold run.
How fast the rhythm of the editing and music is.
Montage Editing is technique in film editing in which a series of short shots
are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information. The
term has been used in various contexts.
Eye-Line Match Is used to show emotions of the characters but keep it
eyelevel so that it’s clear to the audience what they are
Graphic matching used for time passing by using the same action but
changing ever the background or the objects/subjects appearance like in UP
if I made an one hour film would use it to give a mini story to establish the
story.
Matching on Action is when the next action follows the previous action
from the subjects Used in both films & 3D animation but over used in
Action Adventure e.g. Bourne Trilogy.
To show conversation and
to show expressions
The girl is looking in a direction and moving in
the next shot its anew perspective
Shows the passing of time
and location, and subjects
or objects but the motions
doesn’t change or the
positioning of the camera
just the background and
over things

11. Sound
Diegetic are sounds that are from the film set and not added later on.
All the camera and mic picks up
Non-Diegetic are sounds that recorded after film production it’s recorded in a
studio and added later
Dialogue is anything from a whisper to a speech but it’s everything that the
Actors/Actress say.
Actual sounds when recording scene
Soundtrack
Is the music of the film in the background to convey meaning to the
audience to what happen quick and active for action slow classical or pop
for romance.
Theme of character e.g. imperial march for Vader, James bond and
mission impossible
Music
can be from top tune of the year or a brand new composer to make a
theme song for soundtrack
Sound effects
Are all from sounds that have ever been enhanced or added on during the
editing stage .
Example: Gunshot distant conversation

12. CANDY CRIME
http://www.filminute.com/films/2012/candy-crime/
UK - Ben Jacobson
AGAINST
http://www.filminute.com/films/2015/
against/
Russia - Omarov / Chukharova
DRONE
http://www.filminute.com/films/2015/drone/
Denmark - Josefine Ahlberg
1-0
http://www.filminute.com/films/2015/1-0
Iran - Saman Hosseinpuor
LAIKA
http://www.filminute.com/films/2013/laika/
Argentina - Gustavo Cordero
MIGRATION
http://www.filminute.com/films/2013/migration/
Belarus - Andrey Levkovitch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded
&v=laU2MI6X48I
M-22
http://www.filminute.com/films/2013/m-22/
Netherlands - David Stevens
TRAFFIC JAM
http://www.filminute.com/films/2013/traffic-jam/
Belgium - Piet Sonck
https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?hl=en#safe=strict&hl=en&q=Pace+and+Te
mpo
+
https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?hl=en#safe=strict&
hl=en&q=Montage+Editing+
https://www.google.co.uk/?gws_rd=ssl#q=soft
+ligthing
Lighting and editing source
https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?hl=en#hl=en-GB&q=parallel%20editing