True of FalseBill is an aging snowboard instructor at a local ski .pdf
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True of False Bill is an aging snowboard instructor at a local ski resort. All winter, he takes over the counter pain medication to deal with his aching joints. Each summer, he moves home with his parents and takes a part time job making minimum wage. This summer, he got qualified for and enrolled into state government subsidized health insurance. Now he plans to undergo arthroscopic surgery by the end of the summer to repair his knee. Though this is an economically rational decision for Bill, it represents a welfare loss to society as a whole. Catastrophic medical expenses are large, infrequent and unpredictable. Risk aversion explains why people buy insurance which covers such catastrophic events. The primary funding source for the expenses of current Medicare beneficiaries is the fund current beneficiaries contributed to throughout their lifetime. Many useful medical technologies become wasteful when they are expanded to include low-risk individuals. A problem with Cost-Benefit Analysis is that a) scientists observe people’s behavior to calculate how much individuals are willing to pay for a particular treatment. b) opportunity cost is measured as the value of the next best alternative foregone. c) the perspective of the one benefitting from the medical service must be included. d) sometimes subtle distinctions in the alternatives considered as opportunity costs may overstate the benefits of a treatment. e) the use of expected values employs the statistical law of large numbers and this is not acceptable for individual decision making analysis. Which of the following is an example of adverse selection in the private health insurance market? a) Consumers regularly engaging in bungee jumping but being able to hide it from their insurer, who developed premiums based on the average utilization rates of that large group in the past. b) Consumers anticipating regular (twice a year) visits to the dentist for preventive care but being able to hide it from their insurer, who developed premiums based on the average utilization rates of that large group in the past. c) Young and healthy consumers having access to multiple plans offered by the employer (from low-priced HMO and high-deductible plans to higher-priced PPO) and ultimately choosing the most comprehensive PPO plan. d) Elderly people enrolling in Medicare. e) Poor family enrolling their chronically ill children in Medicaid. Solution Ans. a) scientists observe people’s behavior to calculate how much individuals are willing to pay for a particular treatment. TRUE b) opportunity cost is measured as the value of the next best alternative foregone. TRUE c) the perspective of the one benefitting from the medical service must be included. FALSE d) sometimes subtle distinctions in the alternatives considered as opportunity costs may overstate the benefits of a treatment. FALSE e) the use of expected values employs the statistical law of large numbers and this is not acceptable for individual decisio.
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What you will cover
0. The Financial Aspects of Health Care
a. Explain health care costs in the United States.
1) Financing
a) Who pays for the health care services?
b) Who produces or provides the health care service?
c) How much the producer or provider will be paid for this health care service?
2) Primarily funded through insurance, which is a protection against loss and risk should a catastrophic incident occur
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Cardinality Proof Problems Cardinality Proof Problems (1) Suppose f: S right arrow T, and that f
is one to one. Prove that S ~ f(S). (2) Show that R~(a,b) for every a
Solution
f is a function from S to T
f is given to be one to one
i.e. each element in f has a unique image in T and also if
f(a) = f(b) then a = b
Hence if n is the no of elements in S,
f(S) will have image for each of the n element. Hence
n[f(S)] = n(S)
S~f(S)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
b) Consider the function f(x) = sinx, where 0<=x<=pi/2
sin 0 =0 and sin pi/2 =1
Also sinx is one to one
Hence (0,pi/2)~(0,1)
c) Consider the interval (-pi/2, pi/2) as domain for the function
f(x) = tan x
As from -pi/2 to 0 tan is negative, we see that f is one to one.
Hence f(x) = (-tan pi/2, tanpi/2)
= (-infinity, infinity)
Or (-pi/2, pi/2)~R.
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What you will cover
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a. Explain health care costs in the United States.
1) Financing
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b) Who produces or provides the health care service?
c) How much the producer or provider will be paid for this health care service?
2) Primarily funded through insurance, which is a protection against loss and risk should a catastrophic incident occur
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b) Privately funded insurance
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2)
b) Consider the function f(x) = sinx, where 0<=x<=pi/2
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Week #5-To Do List-CCHWeek 5 IntroductionIntroduction To Co.docx
Week #5-To Do List-CCH
Week 5: Introduction
Introduction To Compliance Documentation & Reporting
Proper documentation is an inherent component of delivery of care, not an add-on. One of the oldest battles in healthcare is that between the hospital Medical Records department and the admitting Physician to complete necessary documentation for the Patient’s Chart. The most common cause of loss of admitting privileges has been from this source. This process has only become more important and necessary with the increasing recognition of the importance of proper documentation for legal and ethical defense purposes.
Documentation also serves a number of financial aspects of patient care delivery, including billing, grant writing for research projects, medical research to discover future tests, procedures, and cures, and funding for government supported agencies and programs.
Objectives
To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to:
Identify the uses for health care documentation.
Learn the essential components of quality documentation.
Categorize the document guidelines under the federal False Claims Act.
Identify the documentation required for compliance under the Federal Stark Law.
List the aspects of documentation compliance with regard to electronic health records.
Identify the important issues regarding ethical coding practices.
Learn the most common illegal practices for HIM reporting.
Identify the key concerns under the federal False Claims Act that relate to reporting.
Determine the impact of the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) on HIM processes in physicians’ offices.
Identify the circumstances in which a health care professional is mandated to report a patient’s diagnosis.
Week 5: Discussion
Answer the following questions:
Review the various uses for health care documentation and discuss how each has an impact on the health care delivery system
Discuss procedures you might enact in your facility to avoid violating the False Claims Act
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Case study on page 127 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Phantom Patients and starts with "Two Charged in False Claims to Medicaid."
Case study on page 128 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Services not Performed and starts with "WASHINGTON—April 14, 2008—A board-certified radiologist, Fred Steinberg, M.D., his imaging centers . . ."
Case study on page 131 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Upcoding and starts with "July 2007: In Florida, a doctor was sentenced to 78 months in prison .
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should be 100 to 150 words, with a minimum of one supporting reference included
Response 1
The fact that I found most surprising regarding the cost of long-term care is that 1 in 10 older adults over the age of 50 that are in need of long-term care will be personally responsible for over $200,000 in costs. Although nearly half of adults 50 years of age and older will require a stay in a nursing home, only 10% of adults 62 years of age and older have private long-term care insurance (Braun et al., 2019). Another surprising factor is that Medicare does not cover the cost of long-term care service, placing financial responsibility on the patient and family (Willink et al., 2019). This is particularly surprising as Medicare is health insurance for older adults, and it is expected that they will need some type of long-term care service as they age. This adds to the financial challenges experienced by older adults as they are retired and may not have a steady stream of income. The older adult is responsible for the cost of housing, insurance, medication copays, health care deductibles, and the general cost of living just to name a few. In the event long-term care is needed, the services are paid for through private insurance, Medicaid if the individual is eligible due to low income, of out of packet by the patient or family. Payment patterns for long-term care in the nursing home include the majority of individuals entering the nursing home as a private payer and leaving as a private payer (Spillman & Kemper, 1995). Other payment patterns include individuals eligible for Medicaid, or individuals spending down assets to become eligible for Medicaid (Spillman & Kemper, 1995).
In the United States in 2017, the cost of nursing home care accounted for $166.3 billion dollars in health care cost, a number that is expected to grow to $270.7 billion dollars by 2027 (Chang et al., 2020). The Accountable Care Organization (ACO) is an alternative payment model that places the responsibility of the cost and quality of care directly on the providers, and the providers that are enrolled in the program are eligible to receive saving bonuses (Chang et al., 2020). The goal of this program is to provide highest quality of coordinated care with the goal of limiting the use of acute care such as unnecessary visits to the emergency room. This is made possible through communication between primary care providers, specialists, hospitals, and nursing homes.
Long-term care is reimbursed for services through Medicaid, private insurance, or through private pay. Low reimbursement rates can impact the quality of care delivered to aging adults in the long-term care.
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A health insurance roadmap takes a look at some simple solutions to the complex issues facing health insurance, medicare, medicaid, long term care insurance, and the high cost of health expenses in retirement.
This will work because so much of this is already in place and a lot of the rest would be quick and easy to implement. As in all areas, knowledge is power. Consumers can take control of your insurance portfolio by becoming educated about insurance. Better education and understanding will lead to positive results for consumers and for the insurance industry.
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The healthcare needs of the people have changed over time with the emergence of new ailments, and so has the healthcare industry. Following the steep rise in the cost of medical treatments, the necessity for some sort of cover to provide protection during a medical emergency has increased. Considering the changing lifestyle and needs of the people, the medical schemes in South Africa have also evolved over time.
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The cost of healthcare and the associated dollar signs connected to it has kept a certain number of patients away from seeing a doctor when needed. The creation of Managed Care Organizations exists to deal with the exorbitant prices associated with seeing a healthcare provider and actually decreasing costs while increasing the level of care (Nikitas et al, 2020). The common thread is the network of providers that exists within each network that agrees to provide care for the policy holders for an agreed price. Among the Managed Care Organizations are three plans known as Health Maintenance Organization (HMO’s), Preferred Provider Organization(PPO’s), and Point-Of-Service Plan (POS). The structure of HMO’s exists as a network of hospitals, doctors and providers that usually only pay for care in the network visits. These have lower premiums the insured must use a provider within the network that is their Primary Care Physician (PCP). In addition, referrals must be obtained from the PCPs for visits to specialists within the network (healthy.kaiserpermanente.org, 2022) Membership is generally required in the form of employment or one who lives in the area of coverage. With an associated higher cost is the PPO’s. They will allow for visits to in or out of network providers as well as cost of fee coverage for visiting those out of network providers, generally covered by the increased monthly premiums and out of pocket costs (healthy.kaiserpermanente.org, 2022). The third plan being mentioned here is the Point-Of-Service Plan (POS). This is considered a hybrid of plans which allows for the insured to make decisions to see who they want as a provider without first obtaining prior approval. With regard to a plan that works best for the consumer, the HMO plan is one where the nurse within the system is most connected to the providers and the case files allowing for a seamless connection with provider to facility. The other two plans have steps between each provider and information can be lost in the shuffle. The position of nurses working within the healthcare system allows them an opportunity to help keep health costs down via means of self aud.
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Professional Writing Service
http://StudyHub.vip/A-SHIP--Ontology-Based-Adaptive-Sustain
Ch. 5 Paying for Health CareLearning ObjectivesAfter reading.docx
Ch. 5 Paying for Health Care
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
Distinguish the benefits and shortcomings of private sources of payment for the care of vulnerable persons.
Identify the benefits and shortcomings of public sources of payment for the care of vulnerable persons.
Recognize the most common public payer options, and understand their eligibility requirements.
Understand how health care is financed for people with no health insurance coverage.
Introduction
Photo of a large group of people protesting in front of a white government building. A woman at the front left of the photo carries a sign that says, "Responsible capitalism, healthcare for all." A man at the front right of the photo holds a sign that says, "Medical bankruptcy has a face."
Courtesy of Jodi Jacobson/iStockphoto
Costly new technologies and the free-market nature of the health care industry have raised the cost of health care.
The cost of health care is rising, in part because of expensive new technologies and procedures, and in part because of the market failure of the health care industry. It has been argued that deregulation of health insurers, combined with a free market health care industry, has changed health care from a service-based structure to a commodity, or a product available for purchase. America's health care delivery system is geared toward the multibillion dollar health insurance industry rather than individual payers, many of whom lack the financial ability to cover health care expenses out of pocket, from general emergency room care to a life-threatening illness. After all, few people have $10,000 in their budgets to cover the cost of an emergency room visit for a broken arm.
Americans purchase health insurance to cover medical bills, but health insurance is too expensive for many families to afford. In 2010, 64% of the American population had private health insurance for all or part of the year. That isn't a very large majority, considering that everybody needs medical attention at some point. In that same year, 31% of the population had government-run public health insurance, and 16.3% had no health insurance at all for all or part of the year (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, 2011). The question across America, from Congress to kitchen tables, is how to insure all, how to tackle rising health care costs, and how to decipher a fair and equitable payee process.
Critical Thinking
What do you think will be the impact if health care costs are not addressed? What future problems do you predict?
5.1 Private Payers
The private payer sector comprises programs that provide financial access to health care, which includes insurance companies, employer-run health coverage programs, and individuals who pay for health care out of pocket. Individuals who pay for all of their health care out of pocket are rare, as the cost of health care is prohibitive. Employer-run health coverage programs are types of i ...
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11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
Insurance management
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ISBM / IIBMS / IIBM / ISMS / KSBM / NIPM
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DMS - DBM - PGDM - DBM – DBA - PGDBM
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Health insurance an overview
Health insurance an overviewVISITING PROFESSOR AT DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY,MADURAI
Sb blog 102213-are-health-insurers-ready
As the Affordable Care Act takes effect, health insurance companies will have to design and implement new healthcare models to keep up with the new consumer population.
1. Describe the role of finance in the healthcare system. The .docx
1. Describe the role of finance in the healthcare system.
The role of finance in the healthcare industry is a major part of all decisions made for an organization. "Of course, the manner of financing healthcare affects how hospitals and physicians are reimbursed for services and hence has a significant influence on healthcare finance" (Gapenski, 2013, P. 5). Managers in the healthcare industry must have an up-to-date knowledge on the fundamentals of financing and be able to improve the finical wellbeing of their organization. Financing for a healthcare organization needs to include accounting and financial management functions to be successful. This allows for the measurements of an organizations financial performance and allows for an assessment of operations. "The primary role of finance in health services organizations, as in all businesses, is to plan for, acquire, and use resources to maximize the efficiency (and value) of the enterprise" (Gapenski, 2013, P. 6).
2. Describe the Diagnosis codes and how they are used, impacting reimbursement.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the typical resource for designating diseases, signs, symptoms, and external causes of injury (Gapenski, 2013). This resource was published by the World Health Organization (WHO). The application of these codes to diagnoses is technical. Hospital coders must understand the coding system, medical terminology and abbreviations used by clinicians, they must have proper training and experience. Proper reimbursement from third-party payers depends on accurate coding. Coding errors can greatly impact the reimbursement that the provider will receive for the services provided. Implementing proper coding techniques, training and detailed notes/test results in patients' notes can decrease medical coding mistakes in an organization.
3. Describe the features of third-party payers.
Third-party payers are insurers that reimburse health organizations for the health services provided to a patient. They are the major source of revenues for most providers. These organizations help to reduce the financial burden associated with illness and injury. Third-party payers fall into two categories, private insurers (Blue Cross Blue Shield) and public programs (Medicare and Medicaid). Different payment resources depend on what type of category the insurance falls into, if providers are preferred providers, and what services were provided.
A. Private Insurers: Blue Cross Blue Shield is an example of a private insurer. Coverage for specific provider services are covered by paying a monthly monetary fee through a chosen plan.
B. Public Programs: “Government is both a major insurer and a direct provider of healthcare services” (Gapenski, 2013, P. 65). They provide healthcare services directly to qualifying individuals through organizations such as the Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, and Public Health Departments. They are one of the major insurers in ...
Section 41. Draw a graph that shows the social loss implied by.docx
Section 4
1. Draw a graph that shows the social loss implied by the negative externality of antibiotic resistance.
P
Social Loss
MC social
MC priv
D
Qp
Qs
Q
2. Compare by graph the value functions of expected utility theory and prospect theory.
P.T
U
E.U
-100
100
Reff. Point
+
Gains
-
Losses
$
0
Steeper
Section 5
1. Why do people buy health insurance even if they lose money on average? Describe the two ways through which insurance can create moral hazard.
They can be risk adverse or want to have smooth expenses.
a) Ex-ante: Behavior change before the insured event happens (and this makes the event more likely)
b) Ex-post: Behavior change after the insured event happens (and this makes recovery more expensive)
2. Why is adverse selection problematic for health insurance? How can the government reduce it?
Problem: Death Spiral.
Solution
:
a) Block patient choice
b) Restrict product differentiation
3. Explain the basic tradeoff the government faces when choosing patent length and drug prince ceilings?
The longer or more stringent the patent system:
a) The higher the innovation (in principle)
“But”
b) The higher the prices
4. Explain how health technology assessment can be helpful to reduce moral hazard.
· Rationing
5. Describe the basic elements of Bismarck systems.
Universal Insurance + community rating
· Everyone has insurance through employer or gov.
· No premiums. Financing by taxes.
Private providers + regulation
· Price controls
· Solidarity + Liberty
6. Describe the basic features of the private health insurance system in the US before 2010.
1)Private health insurance markets: where A) Insurance is mostly employer-provided, and Insurers follow a managed care model
2)Partial universal health insurance: A) Medicare; B) Medicaid; C) However, sizeable uninsured population
3)Private providers with minimal regulation
7. Briefly explain the regulations introduced by the Affordable Care Act on the individual health insurance market.
A1: Community rating
· Insurers cannot deny coverage to preexisting condition
· Premium can be different based on: Location, tabaco use, age. But not, health status or prev. claim history.
A2: Minimal coverage
A.C.A regulates plan characteristic
- List of benefits that have to be covered
- Actuarial value of at least 60% (coinsurance)
8. Aaron, James, and Thomas live by an Argentina market in Miami Beach. Their daily purchases of fried empanadas, alfajores, and other unhealthy-but-mouthwatering treats are costly and have given them each of extra pounds. One day they all mention that they want to make better food choices and decide to start a healthy restricted diet immediately. Aaron’s discounting function is exponential. James thinks he has the same function as Aaron, but James actually has a hyperbolic discounting function. Thomas has a hyperbolic discounting function and is aware of that. Describe the most likely scenarios for Aaron, James, and .
What is a disadvantage associated with the participative style of le.pdf
What is a and b if ax+by=0 passes through the points (9,8) and (8,9)
Solution
ax+by = 0 passes through (9,8) and (8,9).
Therefore the coordinates of the points (9,8) and (8,9) should satisfy the equation ax+by = 0.
(9,8) :
a*9+b*8 = 0...........(1)
(8,9):
a*8+b*9 = 0...........(2)
Add the equations (1) and (2): 17(a+b) = 0 Or a+b = 0
Also eq(2) - eq(1) gives: a-b = 0.
So
a+b =0 and
a-b = 0.
Adding 2a = 0. Or a = 0
Subracting 2b = 0. Or b =0.
So there is no line like ax+by = 0 passes through (9,8) and (8,9).
The line passing through Two points:
The line passing through 2 points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is :
y-y1 = {(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)}(x-x1). Put (x1,y1) = (9,8) and (x2,y2)= (8,9).
y-8 = {(9-8)/(8-9)}(x-9)
y-8 = -1(x-9)
x+y = 1.
Therefore the line passing through (9,8) and (8,9) is :
x+y = 1 making intercepts 1 and 1 on x and y axis respectively and this line cannot be reduced to
the form ax+by = 0 which is a line through origin (making zero intercepts on x and y axis)..
What is a good one or two sentence definition for this From stan.pdf
What is a business process? Why is adopting a process view of organizations essential to
becoming a successful manager?
Briefly describe the key business processes included in this chapter in terms of their key steps
Explain the interrelationships among the key processes included in this chapter. Why are these
interrelationships important?
Solution
A business process is a collection of linked tasks which find their end in the delivery of a service
or product to a client. A business process has also been defined as a set of activities and tasks
that, once completed, will accomplish an organizational goal.
There are three types of business processes:
A business process begins with a mission objective and ends with achievement of the business
objective. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and
try to avoid functional silos.
A business process can be decomposed into several sub-processes,[citation needed] which have
their own attributes, but also contribute to achieving the goal of the super-process. The analysis
of business processes typically includes the mapping of processes and sub-processes down to
activity level.
Business Processes are designed to add value for the customer and should not include
unnecessary activities. The outcome of a well designed business process is increased
effectiveness (value for the customer) and increased efficiency (less costs for the company).
Business Processes can be modeled through a large number of methods and techniques. For
instance, the Business Process Modeling Notation is a Business Process Modelingtechnique that
can be used for drawing business processes in a workflow..
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Week #5-To Do List-CCHWeek 5 IntroductionIntroduction To Co.docx
Week #5-To Do List-CCH
Week 5: Introduction
Introduction To Compliance Documentation & Reporting
Proper documentation is an inherent component of delivery of care, not an add-on. One of the oldest battles in healthcare is that between the hospital Medical Records department and the admitting Physician to complete necessary documentation for the Patient’s Chart. The most common cause of loss of admitting privileges has been from this source. This process has only become more important and necessary with the increasing recognition of the importance of proper documentation for legal and ethical defense purposes.
Documentation also serves a number of financial aspects of patient care delivery, including billing, grant writing for research projects, medical research to discover future tests, procedures, and cures, and funding for government supported agencies and programs.
Objectives
To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to:
Identify the uses for health care documentation.
Learn the essential components of quality documentation.
Categorize the document guidelines under the federal False Claims Act.
Identify the documentation required for compliance under the Federal Stark Law.
List the aspects of documentation compliance with regard to electronic health records.
Identify the important issues regarding ethical coding practices.
Learn the most common illegal practices for HIM reporting.
Identify the key concerns under the federal False Claims Act that relate to reporting.
Determine the impact of the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) on HIM processes in physicians’ offices.
Identify the circumstances in which a health care professional is mandated to report a patient’s diagnosis.
Week 5: Discussion
Answer the following questions:
Review the various uses for health care documentation and discuss how each has an impact on the health care delivery system
Discuss procedures you might enact in your facility to avoid violating the False Claims Act
Discuss why physician offices should participate in PQRI
Week 5: Case Study Assignment
Please read and choose one of the following case studies:
Case study on page 111 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Securing EHR and starts with "NOTE: In each CMP (Civil Monetary Penalties) case resolved through a settlement agreement, . . . ")
Case study on page 127 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Phantom Patients and starts with "Two Charged in False Claims to Medicaid."
Case study on page 128 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Services not Performed and starts with "WASHINGTON—April 14, 2008—A board-certified radiologist, Fred Steinberg, M.D., his imaging centers . . ."
Case study on page 131 of your textbook. (This Case Study is in the section for Upcoding and starts with "July 2007: In Florida, a doctor was sentenced to 78 months in prison .
In your reponses, identify common themes among your post and you.docx
In your reponses, identify common themes among your post and your peers’ posts. Describe utilization by long-term nursing home residents under an ACO. Are there policy solutions to these themes? Is there a better way to reimburse long-term care organizations? What are gaps in the ACO model of reimbursement?
should be 100 to 150 words, with a minimum of one supporting reference included
Response 1
The fact that I found most surprising regarding the cost of long-term care is that 1 in 10 older adults over the age of 50 that are in need of long-term care will be personally responsible for over $200,000 in costs. Although nearly half of adults 50 years of age and older will require a stay in a nursing home, only 10% of adults 62 years of age and older have private long-term care insurance (Braun et al., 2019). Another surprising factor is that Medicare does not cover the cost of long-term care service, placing financial responsibility on the patient and family (Willink et al., 2019). This is particularly surprising as Medicare is health insurance for older adults, and it is expected that they will need some type of long-term care service as they age. This adds to the financial challenges experienced by older adults as they are retired and may not have a steady stream of income. The older adult is responsible for the cost of housing, insurance, medication copays, health care deductibles, and the general cost of living just to name a few. In the event long-term care is needed, the services are paid for through private insurance, Medicaid if the individual is eligible due to low income, of out of packet by the patient or family. Payment patterns for long-term care in the nursing home include the majority of individuals entering the nursing home as a private payer and leaving as a private payer (Spillman & Kemper, 1995). Other payment patterns include individuals eligible for Medicaid, or individuals spending down assets to become eligible for Medicaid (Spillman & Kemper, 1995).
In the United States in 2017, the cost of nursing home care accounted for $166.3 billion dollars in health care cost, a number that is expected to grow to $270.7 billion dollars by 2027 (Chang et al., 2020). The Accountable Care Organization (ACO) is an alternative payment model that places the responsibility of the cost and quality of care directly on the providers, and the providers that are enrolled in the program are eligible to receive saving bonuses (Chang et al., 2020). The goal of this program is to provide highest quality of coordinated care with the goal of limiting the use of acute care such as unnecessary visits to the emergency room. This is made possible through communication between primary care providers, specialists, hospitals, and nursing homes.
Long-term care is reimbursed for services through Medicaid, private insurance, or through private pay. Low reimbursement rates can impact the quality of care delivered to aging adults in the long-term care.
A health insurance roadmap
A health insurance roadmap takes a look at some simple solutions to the complex issues facing health insurance, medicare, medicaid, long term care insurance, and the high cost of health expenses in retirement.
This will work because so much of this is already in place and a lot of the rest would be quick and easy to implement. As in all areas, knowledge is power. Consumers can take control of your insurance portfolio by becoming educated about insurance. Better education and understanding will lead to positive results for consumers and for the insurance industry.
Medicare Medical Health Insurance - A B C D
If you have been paying into social security during your working life, and possess met the minimum w...
MedicalAid March E-book.docx
The healthcare needs of the people have changed over time with the emergence of new ailments, and so has the healthcare industry. Following the steep rise in the cost of medical treatments, the necessity for some sort of cover to provide protection during a medical emergency has increased. Considering the changing lifestyle and needs of the people, the medical schemes in South Africa have also evolved over time.
Advertising AssignmentPick a global product brand and co.docx
Advertising Assignment
Pick a global product / brand and country of interest to you (Do not choose South
Korea). In a 2-page report (double space), compare and contrast how that offering is
advertised in the USA and the foreign market. Please provide your thoughts pro and
con and any questions you have about the differences in marketing practice, as well as
any suggestions / recommendations for potentially doing things better. Source material
for this assignment can be obtained from an internet search and published journal
articles. Please provide a bibliographic list of your references at the back of your paper.
MLA Format.
Please reply to
William Polanco- Rowland–
Please note minimum of 200 words. Please cite one scholarly source. In-text citation should be included.
The cost of healthcare and the associated dollar signs connected to it has kept a certain number of patients away from seeing a doctor when needed. The creation of Managed Care Organizations exists to deal with the exorbitant prices associated with seeing a healthcare provider and actually decreasing costs while increasing the level of care (Nikitas et al, 2020). The common thread is the network of providers that exists within each network that agrees to provide care for the policy holders for an agreed price. Among the Managed Care Organizations are three plans known as Health Maintenance Organization (HMO’s), Preferred Provider Organization(PPO’s), and Point-Of-Service Plan (POS). The structure of HMO’s exists as a network of hospitals, doctors and providers that usually only pay for care in the network visits. These have lower premiums the insured must use a provider within the network that is their Primary Care Physician (PCP). In addition, referrals must be obtained from the PCPs for visits to specialists within the network (healthy.kaiserpermanente.org, 2022) Membership is generally required in the form of employment or one who lives in the area of coverage. With an associated higher cost is the PPO’s. They will allow for visits to in or out of network providers as well as cost of fee coverage for visiting those out of network providers, generally covered by the increased monthly premiums and out of pocket costs (healthy.kaiserpermanente.org, 2022). The third plan being mentioned here is the Point-Of-Service Plan (POS). This is considered a hybrid of plans which allows for the insured to make decisions to see who they want as a provider without first obtaining prior approval. With regard to a plan that works best for the consumer, the HMO plan is one where the nurse within the system is most connected to the providers and the case files allowing for a seamless connection with provider to facility. The other two plans have steps between each provider and information can be lost in the shuffle. The position of nurses working within the healthcare system allows them an opportunity to help keep health costs down via means of self aud.
A-SHIP Ontology-Based Adaptive Sustainable Healthcare Insurance Policy.pdf
Professional Writing Service
http://StudyHub.vip/A-SHIP--Ontology-Based-Adaptive-Sustain
Ch. 5 Paying for Health CareLearning ObjectivesAfter reading.docx
Ch. 5 Paying for Health Care
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
Distinguish the benefits and shortcomings of private sources of payment for the care of vulnerable persons.
Identify the benefits and shortcomings of public sources of payment for the care of vulnerable persons.
Recognize the most common public payer options, and understand their eligibility requirements.
Understand how health care is financed for people with no health insurance coverage.
Introduction
Photo of a large group of people protesting in front of a white government building. A woman at the front left of the photo carries a sign that says, "Responsible capitalism, healthcare for all." A man at the front right of the photo holds a sign that says, "Medical bankruptcy has a face."
Courtesy of Jodi Jacobson/iStockphoto
Costly new technologies and the free-market nature of the health care industry have raised the cost of health care.
The cost of health care is rising, in part because of expensive new technologies and procedures, and in part because of the market failure of the health care industry. It has been argued that deregulation of health insurers, combined with a free market health care industry, has changed health care from a service-based structure to a commodity, or a product available for purchase. America's health care delivery system is geared toward the multibillion dollar health insurance industry rather than individual payers, many of whom lack the financial ability to cover health care expenses out of pocket, from general emergency room care to a life-threatening illness. After all, few people have $10,000 in their budgets to cover the cost of an emergency room visit for a broken arm.
Americans purchase health insurance to cover medical bills, but health insurance is too expensive for many families to afford. In 2010, 64% of the American population had private health insurance for all or part of the year. That isn't a very large majority, considering that everybody needs medical attention at some point. In that same year, 31% of the population had government-run public health insurance, and 16.3% had no health insurance at all for all or part of the year (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, 2011). The question across America, from Congress to kitchen tables, is how to insure all, how to tackle rising health care costs, and how to decipher a fair and equitable payee process.
Critical Thinking
What do you think will be the impact if health care costs are not addressed? What future problems do you predict?
5.1 Private Payers
The private payer sector comprises programs that provide financial access to health care, which includes insurance companies, employer-run health coverage programs, and individuals who pay for health care out of pocket. Individuals who pay for all of their health care out of pocket are rare, as the cost of health care is prohibitive. Employer-run health coverage programs are types of i ...
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docx
11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
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As the Affordable Care Act takes effect, health insurance companies will have to design and implement new healthcare models to keep up with the new consumer population.
1. Describe the role of finance in the healthcare system. The .docx
1. Describe the role of finance in the healthcare system.
The role of finance in the healthcare industry is a major part of all decisions made for an organization. "Of course, the manner of financing healthcare affects how hospitals and physicians are reimbursed for services and hence has a significant influence on healthcare finance" (Gapenski, 2013, P. 5). Managers in the healthcare industry must have an up-to-date knowledge on the fundamentals of financing and be able to improve the finical wellbeing of their organization. Financing for a healthcare organization needs to include accounting and financial management functions to be successful. This allows for the measurements of an organizations financial performance and allows for an assessment of operations. "The primary role of finance in health services organizations, as in all businesses, is to plan for, acquire, and use resources to maximize the efficiency (and value) of the enterprise" (Gapenski, 2013, P. 6).
2. Describe the Diagnosis codes and how they are used, impacting reimbursement.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the typical resource for designating diseases, signs, symptoms, and external causes of injury (Gapenski, 2013). This resource was published by the World Health Organization (WHO). The application of these codes to diagnoses is technical. Hospital coders must understand the coding system, medical terminology and abbreviations used by clinicians, they must have proper training and experience. Proper reimbursement from third-party payers depends on accurate coding. Coding errors can greatly impact the reimbursement that the provider will receive for the services provided. Implementing proper coding techniques, training and detailed notes/test results in patients' notes can decrease medical coding mistakes in an organization.
3. Describe the features of third-party payers.
Third-party payers are insurers that reimburse health organizations for the health services provided to a patient. They are the major source of revenues for most providers. These organizations help to reduce the financial burden associated with illness and injury. Third-party payers fall into two categories, private insurers (Blue Cross Blue Shield) and public programs (Medicare and Medicaid). Different payment resources depend on what type of category the insurance falls into, if providers are preferred providers, and what services were provided.
A. Private Insurers: Blue Cross Blue Shield is an example of a private insurer. Coverage for specific provider services are covered by paying a monthly monetary fee through a chosen plan.
B. Public Programs: “Government is both a major insurer and a direct provider of healthcare services” (Gapenski, 2013, P. 65). They provide healthcare services directly to qualifying individuals through organizations such as the Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, and Public Health Departments. They are one of the major insurers in ...
Section 41. Draw a graph that shows the social loss implied by.docx
Section 4
1. Draw a graph that shows the social loss implied by the negative externality of antibiotic resistance.
P
Social Loss
MC social
MC priv
D
Qp
Qs
Q
2. Compare by graph the value functions of expected utility theory and prospect theory.
P.T
U
E.U
-100
100
Reff. Point
+
Gains
-
Losses
$
0
Steeper
Section 5
1. Why do people buy health insurance even if they lose money on average? Describe the two ways through which insurance can create moral hazard.
They can be risk adverse or want to have smooth expenses.
a) Ex-ante: Behavior change before the insured event happens (and this makes the event more likely)
b) Ex-post: Behavior change after the insured event happens (and this makes recovery more expensive)
2. Why is adverse selection problematic for health insurance? How can the government reduce it?
Problem: Death Spiral.
Solution
:
a) Block patient choice
b) Restrict product differentiation
3. Explain the basic tradeoff the government faces when choosing patent length and drug prince ceilings?
The longer or more stringent the patent system:
a) The higher the innovation (in principle)
“But”
b) The higher the prices
4. Explain how health technology assessment can be helpful to reduce moral hazard.
· Rationing
5. Describe the basic elements of Bismarck systems.
Universal Insurance + community rating
· Everyone has insurance through employer or gov.
· No premiums. Financing by taxes.
Private providers + regulation
· Price controls
· Solidarity + Liberty
6. Describe the basic features of the private health insurance system in the US before 2010.
1)Private health insurance markets: where A) Insurance is mostly employer-provided, and Insurers follow a managed care model
2)Partial universal health insurance: A) Medicare; B) Medicaid; C) However, sizeable uninsured population
3)Private providers with minimal regulation
7. Briefly explain the regulations introduced by the Affordable Care Act on the individual health insurance market.
A1: Community rating
· Insurers cannot deny coverage to preexisting condition
· Premium can be different based on: Location, tabaco use, age. But not, health status or prev. claim history.
A2: Minimal coverage
A.C.A regulates plan characteristic
- List of benefits that have to be covered
- Actuarial value of at least 60% (coinsurance)
8. Aaron, James, and Thomas live by an Argentina market in Miami Beach. Their daily purchases of fried empanadas, alfajores, and other unhealthy-but-mouthwatering treats are costly and have given them each of extra pounds. One day they all mention that they want to make better food choices and decide to start a healthy restricted diet immediately. Aaron’s discounting function is exponential. James thinks he has the same function as Aaron, but James actually has a hyperbolic discounting function. Thomas has a hyperbolic discounting function and is aware of that. Describe the most likely scenarios for Aaron, James, and .
Similar to True of FalseBill is an aging snowboard instructor at a local ski .pdf (20)
Week #5-To Do List-CCHWeek 5 IntroductionIntroduction To Co.docx
Week #5-To Do List-CCHWeek 5 IntroductionIntroduction To Co.docx
In your reponses, identify common themes among your post and you.docx
In your reponses, identify common themes among your post and you.docx
Advertising AssignmentPick a global product brand and co.docx
Advertising AssignmentPick a global product brand and co.docx
A-SHIP Ontology-Based Adaptive Sustainable Healthcare Insurance Policy.pdf
A-SHIP Ontology-Based Adaptive Sustainable Healthcare Insurance Policy.pdf
Evolving Role of Captives Within the New Health Care Reform Reality
Evolving Role of Captives Within the New Health Care Reform Reality
Ch. 5 Paying for Health CareLearning ObjectivesAfter reading.docx
Ch. 5 Paying for Health CareLearning ObjectivesAfter reading.docx
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docx
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docx
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On Marketing
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On Marketing
1. Describe the role of finance in the healthcare system. The .docx
1. Describe the role of finance in the healthcare system. The .docx
Section 41. Draw a graph that shows the social loss implied by.docx
Section 41. Draw a graph that shows the social loss implied by.docx
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What is a and b if ax+by=0 passes through the points (9,8) and (8,9)
Solution
ax+by = 0 passes through (9,8) and (8,9).
Therefore the coordinates of the points (9,8) and (8,9) should satisfy the equation ax+by = 0.
(9,8) :
a*9+b*8 = 0...........(1)
(8,9):
a*8+b*9 = 0...........(2)
Add the equations (1) and (2): 17(a+b) = 0 Or a+b = 0
Also eq(2) - eq(1) gives: a-b = 0.
So
a+b =0 and
a-b = 0.
Adding 2a = 0. Or a = 0
Subracting 2b = 0. Or b =0.
So there is no line like ax+by = 0 passes through (9,8) and (8,9).
The line passing through Two points:
The line passing through 2 points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is :
y-y1 = {(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)}(x-x1). Put (x1,y1) = (9,8) and (x2,y2)= (8,9).
y-8 = {(9-8)/(8-9)}(x-9)
y-8 = -1(x-9)
x+y = 1.
Therefore the line passing through (9,8) and (8,9) is :
x+y = 1 making intercepts 1 and 1 on x and y axis respectively and this line cannot be reduced to
the form ax+by = 0 which is a line through origin (making zero intercepts on x and y axis)..
What is a good one or two sentence definition for this From stan.pdf
What is a business process? Why is adopting a process view of organizations essential to
becoming a successful manager?
Briefly describe the key business processes included in this chapter in terms of their key steps
Explain the interrelationships among the key processes included in this chapter. Why are these
interrelationships important?
Solution
A business process is a collection of linked tasks which find their end in the delivery of a service
or product to a client. A business process has also been defined as a set of activities and tasks
that, once completed, will accomplish an organizational goal.
There are three types of business processes:
A business process begins with a mission objective and ends with achievement of the business
objective. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and
try to avoid functional silos.
A business process can be decomposed into several sub-processes,[citation needed] which have
their own attributes, but also contribute to achieving the goal of the super-process. The analysis
of business processes typically includes the mapping of processes and sub-processes down to
activity level.
Business Processes are designed to add value for the customer and should not include
unnecessary activities. The outcome of a well designed business process is increased
effectiveness (value for the customer) and increased efficiency (less costs for the company).
Business Processes can be modeled through a large number of methods and techniques. For
instance, the Business Process Modeling Notation is a Business Process Modelingtechnique that
can be used for drawing business processes in a workflow..
What is a data communication switch that enables many computer termi.pdf
what is a amortization expense and when do we debit it and when do we credit it?
Solution
Amortisation expense means decline in value of goodwill, patents and other intangible
assets.Allocation to expenses of cost of intangible assets.
We debit while recognising amortisation expenses and the entry would be
Amortization expense Dr $xxx
To Accumulated amortization - Intangible Asset
We credit it
Deferred Income Dr XXX
To Deferred amortization Income XXX.
what is a currency board and how does it workSolutionTo synch.pdf
what is 9.807m/sec2 in miles per hour per second? I have been trying this question forever and
can\'t get it. please show work so I can understand how to do it please.
Solution
9.807m/sec2 = 9.807m/(1sec*1sec)
= 9.807m/(1sec*1/3600hour) ...(since 1 second = 1/3600 hour)
=9.807*3600 m/(1sec*1hour)
= 35305.2 m per hour per second
= 35305.2*0.000621371 miles per hour per second ...(since 1 metre = 0.000621371 miles)
= 21.937 miles per hour per second.
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what is 7x+2/6x+3 - x-1/6x+3 substract the rational expressions
Solution
Notice that in (7x+2)/(6x+3) - (x-1)/(6x+3), the two rational expressions already have a common
denominator, 6x+3. Thus you can subtract the numerator. be careful when distributing the signs.
(7x+2)/(6x+3) - (x-1)/(6x+3)
= [(7x+2) - (x-1)]/(6x+3)
= (7x+2 - x+1)/(6x+3)
= (6x+3)/(6x+3)
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Solution
To start, you have:
4.8 x 10^8 / 6 x 10^3
You can cancel out 10^3 from top and bottom, which leaves you with
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What is 1\'s complement of (010111001)2 ?
(010111001)2
(101000111)2
(101000110)2
(001001001)2A.
(010111001)2B.
(101000111)2C.
(101000110)2D.
(001001001)2
Solution
For finding the 1\'s compliment of a number simply chage all 1s to 0s and all 0s to 1s in the
binary number
(010111001)2 => (101000110)2(option C).
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Part 1:
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Part 2:
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Flexible work schedule can impact negative or possitve on a company and I will answer this with
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If the schedule changes every week or month and the employe will have different shifts and
different days off then this is something an employee with a family dont really like much
because this means time away from them and it is really hard to make plans due to the fact you
dont know what your schedule could be next month, this translates into low productivity and low
efficiency. The employee might not be use to work on a night shift and he can fall sleep and an
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On the other side, if by flexible means the employee get to choose what days and hours will
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What has contributed to the increased attention to the ethical practice of nonprofit management?
What is the unique relevance of “charity” to ethical nonprofit management?
Solution
Not for profit orgnisation are moving fast in present days. Now these organisations are also being
managed by the professionals who are apt to increase and expand the working of not for profit
organisation. Management of not for profit is quite different from the other private firms. Not for
profit management raises the fund through the donations and charities. Hence there are ample
chances of practising the fraudulent acts. In recent years, barrage of cases has surfaced involving
the management of not for profit organisation in the fraudulent practices. hence, it makes the
ample ground for imposing some ethical standards on such management..
What impact did monetary policy actions taken during the Great Reces.pdf
What if international date line being shifted to Atlas Ocean? Most of trade partners will have
different date, States and all America continents will enter day first etc. So what can be
coincidence of this? I am asking this because I have read that samoa was shifted to have better
trade partnership with Australia.
Solution
The consequence would be confusion, if someone is further east of you it\'s natural to think
they\'re ahead of time (relative to you). Especially if you\'re used to the ubiquitous maps of the
globe (with Europe/Africa in the middle, the Americas to the left and Japan/Oceania on the
right). Confusion then might arise in some economical contexts that are highly standardised.
For example, spot transactions on the forex markets are delivered (cleared) in 2 days. If someone
behind the date line trades on your behalf you might have to wait 3 days, or just one day for the
funds to clear, depending on what side you\'re on. Also in your example, think of recurring
events (like quarterly reports, dividends, etc.), you might still be on the day before they\'re due
but time-wise (just the hours on the clock) you\'re ahead. Or if you\'re west of the date-line and
waiting for events from someone east thereof you have to wait another day.
If the explanations above are confusing then that\'s exactly the point I\'m making. So, my
opinion, if you wanted to pull off something like that without confusing people you\'d also have
to establish a new prevalent mapping of the globe, with Europe/Africa far to the \"west\" and the
Americas on the far \"east\" side. Of course, established terms, like far-east, western society, etc.
have to be recoined as well..
What form does the energy balnce take for an isolated systemSol.pdf
What form does the energy balnce take for an isolated system?
Solution
The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for
thermodynamic systems. The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an
isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be
created or destroyed.
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What impact did monetary policy actions taken during the Great Recession (2007-09) have on
U.S. economic performance?
Quantitative easing and unconventional policy actions such as asset purchases and \"forward
guidance\". I think I\'m missing some things.
Solution
The consensus appears to be that the effect was large and positive. The IGM Forum asked a
panel of economists to assess the statement
\"Informed postmortems of Ben Bernanke.
what happened to the United states in the 2008 financial Crisis exp.pdf
what happened to the United states in the 2008 financial Crisis? explain in detail
Solution
It was very touff time for US economy ,after great recession of 1930.And as per IMF it was the
worst global recession since world war 2.
According to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (the official arbiter of U.S.
recessions) the U.S. recession began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009, and thus
extended over 19 months.
The crisis was caused by: Widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal
Reserve.
what frequently makes the difference between profitable and unprofit.pdf
what frequently makes the difference between profitable and unprofitable online businesses
today?
Solution
profitable business firms using every piece of information and technology to generate profits and
revenues. they are using direct marketing channels, like, social media, email marketing, web
page marketing and so on to increase their revenues.
where as unprofitable firms are not able to use the available resources in a proper way to get
profits. it means they are not in a position to catch customers\' pulse and produce/promote their
products..
what features are present in New Amsterdam that identify it as a Dut.pdf
what features are present in New Amsterdam that identify it as a Dutch colony and not as an
English colony?
Solution
I certainly agree with BZ C.\'s advice on this one. Russell Shorto\'s book is one of many
excellent books on the subject. The answer to this question tends to go into the differences
between the styles of management and the attitudes towards thier colonies of the British and the
Dutch. These things are a bit more complicated, than can really adequately be expressed here.
Hence my agreement with BZ C.
The one hint I would give is to look at how accepting the Dutch are of others not like them (the
Indians, folks from other Nationalities) and the freedoms(at least for the time) that were given to
the Dutch citizens living there as opposed to the British on the same issues. The Dutch to this
day still retain many of the same cultural qualities seen in colonial times (I had the good fortune
of living in the Netherlands for 5 1/2 months and it was quite noticeable)..
What factors should you consider in reviewing your assets What dete.pdf
What factors should you consider in reviewing your assets? What determines the suitability of
those assets for retirement?
Solution
While reviewing assets like cash savings, investments in equity and mutual funds, properties etc.
the following factors should be considered -
(i) what is the investment goal? As per financial prudence, the farther a person is from his or her
investment goal, the higher is the quantum of risk that should be taken.
(ii) is your assets as per your risk tolerence? If you have a lower risk tolerence, your assets
should comprise mostly of bank savings, fixed deposits and immovable properties. If your risk
tolerence is high, your assets should comprise mostly of equity investments with lower exposure
to fixed deposits and other less risky assets.
In order to determine the suitability of those assets for retirement, the assets should have the
following criteria:
(a) the asset should be capable of producing a regular and recurring income. For instance one of
your assets is a residential appartment, that you are planning to give on rent. This will provide
you with regular and recurring income in the form of rental income.
(b) the assets should be liquid. Assets during retirement should be such that can be converted
into cash easily and assets with greater lock in period, that will be monitized after a long time, is
not suitable at the time of retirement..
Two common drawbacks of Pigouvian subsidy mentioned in the literatur.pdf
Two common drawbacks of Pigouvian subsidy mentioned in the literature are related to
monetisation and measurement of social cost (Baumol) and reciprocity of social cost (Coase).
What alternatives to Pigouvian taxes are proposed in the literature? Have any of such alternative
measures been implemented in practice?
Solution
The most obvious answer is Coasian bargaining. What Coase showed in his famous \"The
Problem of Social Cost\" is that if there are no transaction costs and if utility is transferable then
it suffices to allocate property rights.
Two coins are tossed and the up faces of both coins are recorded. Li.pdf
Two coins are tossed and the up faces of both coins are recorded. List all the simple events for
this experiment.
Solution
Even for a seemlingly trivial experiment, we must be careful when listing the simple events. At
first glance the basic outcomes seem to be Observe two heads, Observe two tails, Observe one
head and one tail. However, further reflection reveals that the last of these, Observe one head and
one tail, can be decomposedinto Head on coin 1, Tail on coin 2 and Tail on coin 1, Head on coin
2. Thus, the simple events are as follows:
1. Observe HH
2. Observe HT
3. Observe TH
4. Observe TT
(where H in the first proposition means \"Head on coin 1,\" H in the second proposition means
\"Head on coin 2,\" etc.).
Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled deck of cards. Find the pro.pdf
Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled deck of cards. Find the probability of getting two face
cards given the first card drawn was red.
This is part d) of the other problems. They all seem so similar and I feel like I\'m stuck on the
same part with all of them.
Solution
Given that the first card drawn was red
So, probability of it being a face card , P1(f) = No. of red face cards / no. of red cards = 3/13
P2(f) = No. of remaining face cards / no. of available cards = 11/ 51
Total probability = P1 * P2 = 11/221 = 0.04977.
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