TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
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Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by severe, stabbing, unilateral facial pain caused by compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve. It most commonly affects women over 50 years old. Diagnosis involves collecting a medical history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests like CT scans or MRIs. Treatment options include pharmacological therapies like anticonvulsants or botulinum toxin injections, as well as surgical procedures to decompress the trigeminal nerve like microvascular decompression or gamma knife radiosurgery. Nursing care focuses on avoiding facial triggers and providing emotional support.
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Trigeminal neuralgia
This document discusses various types of neuralgias, focusing on trigeminal neuralgia. It defines neuralgia as severe pain along a nerve distribution. The main types discussed are trigeminal, paratrigeminal, sphenopalatine, glossopharyngeal, geniculate, occipital and postherpetic neuralgias. Trigeminal neuralgia is described as the most common and involves sudden, severe pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Causes, clinical features, investigations, management including pharmacological treatments and surgeries are summarized for each type of neuralgia.
Headache : Causes and management
Headache is a common pain condition that has many potential causes. This document discusses the classification, pathophysiology, and management of various headache types. Primary headaches like migraines arise from the disorder itself, while secondary headaches are caused by other conditions. Migraines are the most common primary headache and present with throbbing pain that can be unilateral or bilateral, along with nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. Cluster headaches are less common but more severe, occurring in clusters with unilateral eye and nasal pain. Tension headaches involve diffuse band-like pain worsened by touch. Treatment depends on the headache type but may include analgesics, triptans, oxygen therapy, or preventive medications.
trigeminal neuralgia
This document discusses trigeminal neuralgia, a condition characterized by severe, stabbing facial pain. It causes sudden, brief attacks of pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Common causes include compression of the trigeminal nerve root by blood vessels. Symptoms include unilateral pain in the jaw, cheek, forehead, or around the eye that is triggered by mundane activities like eating or talking. Diagnosis involves patient history and neurological exam. Treatment options include carbamazepine, phenytoin, or surgery to decompress the trigeminal nerve if medications do not provide relief from the stabbing facial pain.
Trigeminal neuralgia dkg
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder of the trigeminal nerve characterized by sudden, sharp, stabbing facial pain. It most commonly affects those aged 50-70 and males more than females. The pain is often triggered by activities like chewing or brushing teeth. While the cause is often unknown, it can be due to compression of blood vessels on the trigeminal nerve. Treatment involves antiseizure medications, nerve blocks, or surgeries like rhizotomy to ablate the nerve. Nursing care focuses on managing the acute pain, maintaining nutrition despite pain with eating, and addressing anxiety over unpredictable pain episodes.
Facial pain
Facial pain can be caused by injuries, headaches, or serious medical conditions. Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition where the trigeminal nerve is pressed on by blood vessels, causing electric shock-like pain in the face. It commonly causes brief periods of stabbing pain that are triggered by activities like brushing teeth and can last seconds to minutes. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like MRI of the brain. Treatment options include anticonvulsant medications, muscle relaxants, microvascular decompression surgery, and radiosurgery. Proper diagnosis through history, exam, and testing can identify the underlying cause of facial pain.
CRANIAL NERVE DISORDERS
Cranial nerve disorders involve damage to the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which are the peripheral nerves of the brain. Two common cranial nerve disorders are trigeminal neuralgia and Bell's palsy. Trigeminal neuralgia causes sudden, severe facial pain and is often caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve by blood vessels. Bell's palsy results in temporary facial paralysis or weakness on one side of the face, usually from herpes zoster infection or other causes that damage the facial nerve. Both disorders are typically diagnosed based on symptoms and treated initially with medications, nerve blocks, or in severe cases surgery to decompress nerves.
Introduction to TMJ
This document provides information about a two-day course on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders presented by Dr. Islam Kassem. The course will cover the surgical anatomy of the TMJ, different treatments for TMJ pathology, and complications of TMJ treatment on Day 1. Day 2 will focus on medical management of temporomandibular disorders, laser biostimulation, neurotoxins, and complications of TMJ treatment. The course aims to help distinguish between muscular and joint disorders of the TMJ and properly diagnose and treat these conditions.
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia is sudden, severe facial pain. It's often described as a sharp shooting pain or like having an electric shock in the jaw, teeth or gums.
Trigeminal neuralgia
Contents
Overview
Symptoms
Causes
Diagnosis
Treatment
Recommended
Trigeminal neuralgia
This document discusses various types of neuralgias, focusing on trigeminal neuralgia. It defines neuralgia as severe pain along a nerve distribution. The main types discussed are trigeminal, paratrigeminal, sphenopalatine, glossopharyngeal, geniculate, occipital and postherpetic neuralgias. Trigeminal neuralgia is described as the most common and involves sudden, severe pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Causes, clinical features, investigations, management including pharmacological treatments and surgeries are summarized for each type of neuralgia.
Headache : Causes and management
Headache is a common pain condition that has many potential causes. This document discusses the classification, pathophysiology, and management of various headache types. Primary headaches like migraines arise from the disorder itself, while secondary headaches are caused by other conditions. Migraines are the most common primary headache and present with throbbing pain that can be unilateral or bilateral, along with nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. Cluster headaches are less common but more severe, occurring in clusters with unilateral eye and nasal pain. Tension headaches involve diffuse band-like pain worsened by touch. Treatment depends on the headache type but may include analgesics, triptans, oxygen therapy, or preventive medications.
trigeminal neuralgia
This document discusses trigeminal neuralgia, a condition characterized by severe, stabbing facial pain. It causes sudden, brief attacks of pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Common causes include compression of the trigeminal nerve root by blood vessels. Symptoms include unilateral pain in the jaw, cheek, forehead, or around the eye that is triggered by mundane activities like eating or talking. Diagnosis involves patient history and neurological exam. Treatment options include carbamazepine, phenytoin, or surgery to decompress the trigeminal nerve if medications do not provide relief from the stabbing facial pain.
Trigeminal neuralgia dkg
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder of the trigeminal nerve characterized by sudden, sharp, stabbing facial pain. It most commonly affects those aged 50-70 and males more than females. The pain is often triggered by activities like chewing or brushing teeth. While the cause is often unknown, it can be due to compression of blood vessels on the trigeminal nerve. Treatment involves antiseizure medications, nerve blocks, or surgeries like rhizotomy to ablate the nerve. Nursing care focuses on managing the acute pain, maintaining nutrition despite pain with eating, and addressing anxiety over unpredictable pain episodes.
Facial pain
Facial pain can be caused by injuries, headaches, or serious medical conditions. Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition where the trigeminal nerve is pressed on by blood vessels, causing electric shock-like pain in the face. It commonly causes brief periods of stabbing pain that are triggered by activities like brushing teeth and can last seconds to minutes. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like MRI of the brain. Treatment options include anticonvulsant medications, muscle relaxants, microvascular decompression surgery, and radiosurgery. Proper diagnosis through history, exam, and testing can identify the underlying cause of facial pain.
CRANIAL NERVE DISORDERS
Cranial nerve disorders involve damage to the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which are the peripheral nerves of the brain. Two common cranial nerve disorders are trigeminal neuralgia and Bell's palsy. Trigeminal neuralgia causes sudden, severe facial pain and is often caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve by blood vessels. Bell's palsy results in temporary facial paralysis or weakness on one side of the face, usually from herpes zoster infection or other causes that damage the facial nerve. Both disorders are typically diagnosed based on symptoms and treated initially with medications, nerve blocks, or in severe cases surgery to decompress nerves.
Introduction to TMJ
This document provides information about a two-day course on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders presented by Dr. Islam Kassem. The course will cover the surgical anatomy of the TMJ, different treatments for TMJ pathology, and complications of TMJ treatment on Day 1. Day 2 will focus on medical management of temporomandibular disorders, laser biostimulation, neurotoxins, and complications of TMJ treatment. The course aims to help distinguish between muscular and joint disorders of the TMJ and properly diagnose and treat these conditions.
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia is sudden, severe facial pain. It's often described as a sharp shooting pain or like having an electric shock in the jaw, teeth or gums.
Trigeminal neuralgia
Contents
Overview
Symptoms
Causes
Diagnosis
Treatment
Facial pain
Facial pain can be caused by conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, migraines, post-herpetic neuralgia, and temporomandibular arthritis. Trigeminal neuralgia causes sharp, stabbing pain on one side of the face and is often triggered by mundane activities like washing, shaving, or talking. It is commonly treated with medications or microvascular decompression surgery. Post-herpetic neuralgia is nerve pain that develops after a shingles outbreak and is confined to the affected dermatome. Temporomandibular arthritis, also called Costen's syndrome, produces severe aching pain in the jaw worsened by chewing and is linked to dental issues. Diagnosis
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FACIAL PAIN.pptx
This document provides definitions and information about the diagnosis and management of orofacial pain conditions including trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, geniculate ganglion neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, and atypical odontalgia. It discusses the clinical manifestations, potential underlying causes, diagnostic process, and treatment options including drug therapies and surgery for each condition.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC UNILATERAL FACIAL PAIN ann ppt (1).pptx
This document provides an overview of chronic unilateral facial pain, including definitions of pain, classifications of orofacial pain, and descriptions of specific conditions that can cause chronic facial pain such as trigeminal neuralgia, post-herpetic neuralgia, atypical facial pain, and temporomandibular disorders. It discusses evaluating and diagnosing pain through history, clinical examination, and knowledge of conditions. Various types of chronic facial pain are defined and their clinical features and management are outlined.
LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC COMPLICATIONS OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC
The document discusses local anesthesia and its complications. It defines local anesthesia and summarizes the history of local anesthetics from cocaine to modern agents like lidocaine. It then categorizes complications as either local (occurring near the injection site) or systemic (involving the whole body). Local complications discussed include needle breakage, soft tissue injury, and paresthesia. Systemic complications include allergy and overdose. The document focuses on specific local complications like facial nerve paralysis, ocular issues, trismus, and provides prevention and management strategies.
Trigeminal Neuralgia Headache and CSF Hypotension and Hypertension(Pseudotumor)
trigeminal Neuralgia/ Lo and High pressure HA. Suitable for Internal Medicine residents. Has MKSAP questions at end
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA - Dr Dilip kumar Macharla.pptx
Trigeminal neuralgia,
microvascular decompression
trigeminal nerve, neurovascular conflict, facial pain syndromes, atypical neuralgia, rhizotomy, suboccipital craniotomy, hemifacial spasm,
Trigeminalneuralgia 131021074138-phpapp02 - copy
Neuralgias are pains that occur in nerves without stimulation of pain receptors. The document discusses three main types of neuralgias: trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia causes sharp, unilateral facial pain and can be idiopathic or symptomatic. Postherpetic neuralgia is pain that persists after a shingles or varicella-zoster virus infection. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia produces sharp pain in the ear and throat and may be treated with nerve resection or alcohol injection. Management of neuralgias involves pharmacological treatments like carbamazepine or surgery depending on the type and severity.
Myofascial pain dysfunction (mpd)
Myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) is a temporomandibular disorder characterized by pain in the muscles of mastication. Typical features include intermittent dull facial pain that worsens throughout the day, with pain increasing during chewing or stress. MPD is diagnosed based on a history of unilateral facial pain and physical exam findings like tenderness in the masticatory muscles and limited jaw movement. Conservative treatments include reassurance, splint therapy, physical therapy, and medications like NSAIDs or muscle relaxants. More invasive options may include injections or orthodontic/jaw surgery if conservative measures fail.
Trigeminal nerve applied anatomy(part 2)
This document discusses the trigeminal nerve and trigeminal neuralgia. It describes typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia, their symptoms, and potential causes including compression of the trigeminal nerve by blood vessels. The document outlines treatments for trigeminal neuralgia including medications, surgical procedures like rhizotomy, glycerol injection, and microvascular decompression. It also briefly discusses herpes zoster ophthalmicus and Wallenberg syndrome in relation to trigeminal nerve involvement.
Pain
Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Facial pain can originate from various structures innervated by cranial nerves like the trigeminal nerve. It can be nociceptive, neuropathic, inflammatory, acute, chronic, or referred pain from other sources. A thorough history, exam of the head and neck, and diagnostic tests are needed to diagnose the underlying cause. Common conditions include dental issues, TMJ disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, post-herpetic neuralgia, migraine, cluster headaches, and psychogenic or idiopathic facial pain syndromes. Careful diagnosis is important to guide appropriate treatment.
Differential diagnosis of orofacial pain
Differential diagnosis of orofacial pain can be divided into acute and chronic categories. Acute pain includes dental, periodontal, sinus, and salivary gland issues and is usually inflammatory in origin. Chronic pain includes myofascial pain, TMJ disorders, migraines, and various neuropathies. Neuropathic pain includes trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and complex regional pain syndrome. Management depends on the underlying cause and includes medications, physical therapy, and occasionally surgery.
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense facial pain originating from the trigeminal nerve. Common causes include compression of blood vessels like the superior cerebellar artery which can irritate the trigeminal nerve root. Symptoms include excruciating burning or shock-like pain in areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging tests and ruling out other conditions. Treatment options include medications like carbamazepine or surgical procedures like microvascular decompression to relieve pressure on the nerve. Recurrence of trigeminal neuralgia is common if initially caused by veins, with regrowth of veins being a primary reason for returned symptoms within one year. Further microvascular decompression
cranial nerve disorder 9.pptx
Cranial nerve disorders affect the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that control functions like vision, facial movements, and hearing. Third cranial nerve palsy causes weakness of eye muscles. Bell's palsy results from seventh cranial nerve damage, causing temporary facial paralysis on one side. Trigeminal neuralgia causes severe facial pain from trigeminal nerve compression. Management includes medications, surgery, and physical therapy depending on the disorder and severity.
differential_diagnosis_of_orofacial_pain.ppt
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of orofacial pain from both dental and non-dental causes. It outlines various types of pain such as pulpal pain, periapical pain, referred pain, neuropathic pain, myofascial pain and others. For each type of pain, it describes characteristics such as quality, localization, reproduction of pain and response to local anesthesia. The document emphasizes taking a thorough history from the patient and considering all potential sources of pain before making a diagnosis. Diagnostic tests may include imaging, labs or use of an occlusal appliance depending on findings from history and examination.
Local anesthetic complications
This document discusses complications associated with local anesthesia. It describes local complications such as needle breakage, persistent anesthesia, facial nerve paralysis, and trismus. It also covers systemic complications including allergic reactions, toxicity from overdose, and idiosyncratic reactions. Prevention and management strategies are provided for various complications. The document emphasizes the importance of proper technique and avoiding overdose when administering local anesthesia.
localanestheticscomplications-170125061150.pdf
This document discusses complications associated with local anesthesia. It describes local complications such as needle breakage, persistent anesthesia, facial nerve paralysis, and trismus. It also discusses systemic complications including allergic reactions, toxicity from overdose, and idiosyncratic reactions. Prevention and management strategies are provided for various complications. The document aims to educate dental practitioners about using local anesthesia judiciously and being aware of potential adverse effects.
Trigeminal neuralgia
This document discusses trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve in the face. It begins by defining several types of nerve pain conditions and treatments. It then focuses on trigeminal neuralgia, describing its symptoms, potential causes like blood vessel compression, diagnostic process using MRI, and various surgical and non-surgical treatment options to relieve pain or destroy nerve fibers, including microvascular decompression, rhizotomy, neurectomy, radiosurgery, and percutaneous procedures using glycerol or radiofrequency. Nursing care focuses on preventing triggers, maintaining nutrition, and health education.
Trigeminal neuralgia/TN/ NEURALGIA
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)1 defines trigeminal neuralgia (TN) as a sudden, usually unilateral, severe brief stabbing recurrent pain in one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve
synonyms
Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia / Tic Doulourex.
Trifacial Neuralgia.
Fothergell’s disease.
In 1677 John Locke, a American physician and philosopher, accurately identified the major clinical features of TN
In 1756 the French physician Nicolaus Andre coined the term “Tic douloureux” to the condition.
The English physician John Fothergill in 1773 published detailed description of TN, since then, it has been referred to as ‘Fothergill’s disease’.
Peripheral injections
Long acting LA
Alcohol
Glycerol
Peripheral neurectomy/ nerve avulsion
Cryotherapy
Gasserian ganglion procedures
Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency thermal lesioning of the trigeminal ganglion and/or root (rfl)
percutaneous glycerol gangliolysis of the trigeminal ganglion
percutaneous balloon microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion
Intracranial procedures
MVD
Partial sensory rhizotomy
Gamma knife radiation to the trigeminal root entry zone GKR
Trigeminal neuralgia ( at a glance)
This document summarizes information about trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a disorder causing severe facial pain. It describes TN as a debilitating condition affecting the trigeminal nerve, the largest cranial nerve responsible for facial sensation. The summary outlines key characteristics of TN such as its intermittent, sharp pain triggered by light touch in areas of the face. Treatment options discussed include anticonvulsant medications as first-line treatment and surgical procedures like rhizotomy or microvascular decompression if medications fail.
Differential Diagnosis of Oral & Maxillofacial Pain
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial pain. It begins by defining pain and noting that pain in this region is commonly due to dental disease. A thorough evaluation includes a history, examination, and diagnostic testing to determine the underlying cause. Causes are classified and include primary headaches, secondary headaches attributed to various conditions, and painful cranial neuropathies. The evaluation involves assessing the chief complaint, medical history, physical exam of the head, neck, mouth and muscles, and diagnostic imaging and psychosocial factors. Red flags are provided for various potential underlying conditions.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Myofascial pain dysfunction (mpd)
Myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) is a temporomandibular disorder characterized by pain in the muscles of mastication. Typical features include intermittent dull facial pain that worsens throughout the day, with pain increasing during chewing or stress. MPD is diagnosed based on a history of unilateral facial pain and physical exam findings like tenderness in the masticatory muscles and limited jaw movement. Conservative treatments include reassurance, splint therapy, physical therapy, and medications like NSAIDs or muscle relaxants. More invasive options may include injections or orthodontic/jaw surgery if conservative measures fail.
Trigeminal nerve applied anatomy(part 2)
This document discusses the trigeminal nerve and trigeminal neuralgia. It describes typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia, their symptoms, and potential causes including compression of the trigeminal nerve by blood vessels. The document outlines treatments for trigeminal neuralgia including medications, surgical procedures like rhizotomy, glycerol injection, and microvascular decompression. It also briefly discusses herpes zoster ophthalmicus and Wallenberg syndrome in relation to trigeminal nerve involvement.
Pain
Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Facial pain can originate from various structures innervated by cranial nerves like the trigeminal nerve. It can be nociceptive, neuropathic, inflammatory, acute, chronic, or referred pain from other sources. A thorough history, exam of the head and neck, and diagnostic tests are needed to diagnose the underlying cause. Common conditions include dental issues, TMJ disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, post-herpetic neuralgia, migraine, cluster headaches, and psychogenic or idiopathic facial pain syndromes. Careful diagnosis is important to guide appropriate treatment.
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Differential diagnosis of orofacial pain can be divided into acute and chronic categories. Acute pain includes dental, periodontal, sinus, and salivary gland issues and is usually inflammatory in origin. Chronic pain includes myofascial pain, TMJ disorders, migraines, and various neuropathies. Neuropathic pain includes trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and complex regional pain syndrome. Management depends on the underlying cause and includes medications, physical therapy, and occasionally surgery.
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Trigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense facial pain originating from the trigeminal nerve. Common causes include compression of blood vessels like the superior cerebellar artery which can irritate the trigeminal nerve root. Symptoms include excruciating burning or shock-like pain in areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging tests and ruling out other conditions. Treatment options include medications like carbamazepine or surgical procedures like microvascular decompression to relieve pressure on the nerve. Recurrence of trigeminal neuralgia is common if initially caused by veins, with regrowth of veins being a primary reason for returned symptoms within one year. Further microvascular decompression
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differential_diagnosis_of_orofacial_pain.ppt
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of orofacial pain from both dental and non-dental causes. It outlines various types of pain such as pulpal pain, periapical pain, referred pain, neuropathic pain, myofascial pain and others. For each type of pain, it describes characteristics such as quality, localization, reproduction of pain and response to local anesthesia. The document emphasizes taking a thorough history from the patient and considering all potential sources of pain before making a diagnosis. Diagnostic tests may include imaging, labs or use of an occlusal appliance depending on findings from history and examination.
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This document discusses complications associated with local anesthesia. It describes local complications such as needle breakage, persistent anesthesia, facial nerve paralysis, and trismus. It also covers systemic complications including allergic reactions, toxicity from overdose, and idiosyncratic reactions. Prevention and management strategies are provided for various complications. The document emphasizes the importance of proper technique and avoiding overdose when administering local anesthesia.
localanestheticscomplications-170125061150.pdf
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Trigeminal neuralgia
This document discusses trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve in the face. It begins by defining several types of nerve pain conditions and treatments. It then focuses on trigeminal neuralgia, describing its symptoms, potential causes like blood vessel compression, diagnostic process using MRI, and various surgical and non-surgical treatment options to relieve pain or destroy nerve fibers, including microvascular decompression, rhizotomy, neurectomy, radiosurgery, and percutaneous procedures using glycerol or radiofrequency. Nursing care focuses on preventing triggers, maintaining nutrition, and health education.
Trigeminal neuralgia/TN/ NEURALGIA
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)1 defines trigeminal neuralgia (TN) as a sudden, usually unilateral, severe brief stabbing recurrent pain in one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve
synonyms
Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia / Tic Doulourex.
Trifacial Neuralgia.
Fothergell’s disease.
In 1677 John Locke, a American physician and philosopher, accurately identified the major clinical features of TN
In 1756 the French physician Nicolaus Andre coined the term “Tic douloureux” to the condition.
The English physician John Fothergill in 1773 published detailed description of TN, since then, it has been referred to as ‘Fothergill’s disease’.
Peripheral injections
Long acting LA
Alcohol
Glycerol
Peripheral neurectomy/ nerve avulsion
Cryotherapy
Gasserian ganglion procedures
Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency thermal lesioning of the trigeminal ganglion and/or root (rfl)
percutaneous glycerol gangliolysis of the trigeminal ganglion
percutaneous balloon microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion
Intracranial procedures
MVD
Partial sensory rhizotomy
Gamma knife radiation to the trigeminal root entry zone GKR
Trigeminal neuralgia ( at a glance)
This document summarizes information about trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a disorder causing severe facial pain. It describes TN as a debilitating condition affecting the trigeminal nerve, the largest cranial nerve responsible for facial sensation. The summary outlines key characteristics of TN such as its intermittent, sharp pain triggered by light touch in areas of the face. Treatment options discussed include anticonvulsant medications as first-line treatment and surgical procedures like rhizotomy or microvascular decompression if medications fail.
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This document discusses the differential diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial pain. It begins by defining pain and noting that pain in this region is commonly due to dental disease. A thorough evaluation includes a history, examination, and diagnostic testing to determine the underlying cause. Causes are classified and include primary headaches, secondary headaches attributed to various conditions, and painful cranial neuropathies. The evaluation involves assessing the chief complaint, medical history, physical exam of the head, neck, mouth and muscles, and diagnostic imaging and psychosocial factors. Red flags are provided for various potential underlying conditions.
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
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TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
- 2. DEFINITION • Sudden usually unilateral severe brief stabbing pain in the distribution of more branches of 5th cranial nerve
- 3. ETIOLOGY • Compression of trigeminal nerve • Facial trauma • Dental procedures • Vascular compressions
- 4. SYMPTOMS • Episodes of severe shooting or stabing pain • Facial spasms • Pain in area supplyed by trigeminal nerve such as cheek,jaw,gum,lips,eye,forehead • Pain affecting one side of the face at a time • Pain focused in one spot or spread • Pain rarely occur at sleeping
- 5. RISK FACTORS • Age and gender(women over the age of 50) • Excessive or improper dental work • Hypertension is also a risk factor if the occurrence of stroke • Any blow or injury to the face
- 6. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES • History collection • Physical examination • Diagnostic LA blocks • CT scan • MRI • Pain history
- 8. PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY • Anticonvulsant • Antispasmodic • Botax injection • Antiseizure agents
- 10. MICR0VASCULAR DECOMPRESSION OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE Intracranial approach is used to relieve the contact between the cerebral vessels and trigeminal root entry An operating microscope, the artery loop is lifted from the nerve to relieve pressure A small prosthetic device is inserted to prevent recurrence of impingement on the nerve
- 11. GAMMA KNIFE • Surgeon directs a focused dose of radiation to the root of trigeminal nerve • To damage the trigeminal nerve and reduce or eliminate pain • It is successful in eliminating pain of many people
- 12. BALLOON COMPRESSION • Doctor inserts a hollow needle through face that guide to a part of trigeminal nerve • A threads a thin flexible tube with a balloon on the end through the needle • Inflates the balloon with enough pressure • Damage and block pain signals
- 13. RADIOFREQUENCY THERMAL LESIONING • Selectively destroy nerve fibers associated with pain • Insert a hollow needle through face and guide to the part of trigeminal nerve
- 14. NURSING MANAGEMENT • Avoid exposing effected cheek to sudden cold • Avoid foods that are too cold or too hot • Provide emotional support • Provide adequate nutrition • Oral hygiene • Inspection of the eyes • Dental checkup every 6 months
- 15. COMPLICATIONS • Toxic side effects of drugs • Bone marrow and blood disorders • Corneal abrasion • Hemorrhage infection and brainstem damage • Hearing disturbance
- 16. PREVENTION • No known way to prevent