Trenton's Jews
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Trenton, New Jersey once housed over 62 potteries and major manufacturing plants that attracted many Jewish immigrants in the late 1800s and early 1900s as it provided opportunities for work. While Jews did not typically work in the manufacturing industries, they established themselves as independent store operators and professionals like clergy, physicians, lawyers, and accountants. By the mid-1900s, as Trenton's economy declined with the loss of industry, the Jewish population diminished along with their synagogues and organizations, though some outstanding individuals from Trenton's Jewish community went on to have notable careers.
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Trenton, New Jersey once housed over 62 manufacturing plants that attracted many immigrant groups including Jews in the late 19th century. Jews initially worked as independent store operators and clergy, but by the second generation, more entered professional fields like medicine, law, and accounting. The Jewish population grew through two major waves of immigration from Germany/Austria and Eastern Europe between 1840-1914. Jewish communities established many institutions including synagogues, schools, and social clubs like the Progress Club to serve the cultural and religious needs of Trenton's Jewish population as it grew. However, after World War 2 the decline of industry led to job losses and shrinking of the local Jewish population and institutions over time.
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This document summarizes key aspects of northern society in the 19th century, including:
- The transition from an agricultural to industrial economy and the rise of wage labor. Strikes increased over working conditions.
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- Racial tensions increased as African Americans faced discrimination and job disadvantages. Nativist groups attacked immigrants and Catholics.
- The Second Great Awakening saw a revival of evangelical Protestantism but divisions emerged along class lines in approaches to reform.
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Jewish laws regarding shofarrev1
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Jewish laws Regarding Shofar
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Trenton's Jews
- 1. At its industrial height, Trenton housed more than 62 potteries, major rubber and steel manufacturing plants. • What attracted Jews? • They did not work in the manufacturing businesses. • They generally served as store operators (independent entrepreneur). • Jewish professional initially were clergy. • In the second generation, increasing NUMBERS joined the professions (physicians, lawyers, dentists, accountants) 1
- 2. 2
- 3. Two Great Waves of Jewish Immigration • 1840’s Naar Family - Sephardic • 1840-1880 – Germany, Austria • 1881-1914 – Russian – Pale of Settlement (Lirvakland (Vilna, Grodno, Minsk, Kovno) 75% – Romania 1901-1904 – Hungary 3
- 5. Jewish Institutions Shuls Har Sinai 1857 Brothers of Israel 1883 People of Truth 1901 Workers of Truth - 1905 Ahavath Israel (Hungarian, 1919) Adath Israel 1923 Mikveh Kosher butchers - 8 Kosher bakers – 6 Talmud Torah 5
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- 7. MAJOR PHILANTHROPIC AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS ............ Hebrew Immigration Mutual Aid Soc Drama and Theater Jacob Gordon Hebrew Dramatic Club Russian-Turkish Baths The Kachunkie Cemeteries Mikveh (Jewish Ritual Bath) Trenton Jewish Federation 7
- 8. Fall of Trenton’s Economy After World War II, large industry consolidated (amalgamated) into national and international companies located outside of Trenton. Factory plants and their jobs left in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Accordingly, this reduction in workforce detrimentally affected local (Jewish) merchants. Pottery industry began to deteriorate after WWW1. John A. Roebling sold to Colorado Fuel and Iron. Jewish Trenton’s Third Generation + The 1949 and the 1961 increases in the professions: 1970, nearly 30 percent of all professionals. 40 Jewish philanthropic organizations, including three Conservative congregations as well as two Orthodox and one Reform congregation. By the beginning of the new millennium, the Trenton Jewish Community diminished to three congregations, one Orthodox, one Conservative and a 8
- 9. OUTSTANDING TRENTON JEWISH PERSONALITIES 9 Hon. Philip Forman Zalman King (Lefkowitz) Ho. Sidney Goldmann Richard Kind Benjamin Kauffman Henry Levin Sol Weinstein Peter Dan Levin Alex Siegle Mike Bloom Sol Linowitz Tal Brody Judith Light Tony Siegle Amy Robinson