A presention given by Jessica Fanzo, Senior Nutritionist at a meeting in St. Petersburg. The meeting marked the end of a research project "Promoting the use and conservation of berry fruits for health diets in Russia: The strategic value of the Vavilov Institute and its germplasm collections Statement for policy makers and public policy in Russia". Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
CISANET is the Civil Society Agriculture Network in Malawi which I've been a part of for most of my years here. This is a presentation we did to prioritise our recommendations around resilient and nutrition friendly agriculture.
Bringing Agriculture, Nutrition and Extension Together Using a Gender LensINGENAES
Andrea Bohn
University of Illinois
March 23, 2016
INGENAES recognizes that women are disproportionally affected by hunger and malnutrition, and addresses gender equity to achieve better agricultural and nutrition outcomes. There are the four pillars of food security based on the role of extension including availability, access, utilization, and stability.
CISANET is the Civil Society Agriculture Network in Malawi which I've been a part of for most of my years here. This is a presentation we did to prioritise our recommendations around resilient and nutrition friendly agriculture.
Bringing Agriculture, Nutrition and Extension Together Using a Gender LensINGENAES
Andrea Bohn
University of Illinois
March 23, 2016
INGENAES recognizes that women are disproportionally affected by hunger and malnutrition, and addresses gender equity to achieve better agricultural and nutrition outcomes. There are the four pillars of food security based on the role of extension including availability, access, utilization, and stability.
A Powerpoint presentation to Asheville's City Council regarding food security, the Asheville Buncombe Food Policy Council, and possible policies to make Asheville a food secure community.
Food insecurity and poverty trends, Association between food insecurity and poverty, causes and effects, food insecurity and poverty in the Ugandan context.
Presentation given at a symposium for Nutrition sensitive forest policy and landscape management, during the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation 2014, 20-24 July 2014, Cairns Australia
www.bioversityinternatonal.org
Achieving optimal nutrition - the critical role of food systems and dietsAlain Vidal
Conference given by Jessica Fanzo at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 11 January 2018 as part of Master CLUES (week on Natural resources, food security and poverty alleviation)
A Powerpoint presentation to Asheville's City Council regarding food security, the Asheville Buncombe Food Policy Council, and possible policies to make Asheville a food secure community.
Food insecurity and poverty trends, Association between food insecurity and poverty, causes and effects, food insecurity and poverty in the Ugandan context.
Presentation given at a symposium for Nutrition sensitive forest policy and landscape management, during the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation 2014, 20-24 July 2014, Cairns Australia
www.bioversityinternatonal.org
Achieving optimal nutrition - the critical role of food systems and dietsAlain Vidal
Conference given by Jessica Fanzo at University Paris-Saclay / AgroParisTech on 11 January 2018 as part of Master CLUES (week on Natural resources, food security and poverty alleviation)
Regina Moench-Pfanner - Diets in Transition: Urbanization & Processed Food at...HKUST IEMS
Recently, the Global Nutrition Report (2014-16) describes a new norm of malnutrition in Asian emerging markets: obesity and non-communicable diseases are on the rise, while a substantial proportion of people still suffer from undernutrition. People living in cities now outnumber those living in rural areas and research suggests a convergence in urban and rural consumer demand for packaged or processed foods within low- and middle-income Asian countries. Both how economics favors the production of cheap, energy-dense but nutrient-poor foods and their growing contributions to modern diets in low- and medium-income populations are important factors in the growing double-burden of malnutrition and disease. All sectors involved in the food and nutrition value-chain need to work together to achieve the research-driven incremental improvements and disruptive innovations that shift the factors of food production and consumption towards improved nutritional and health-related outcomes.
Why Nutrition Education Matters
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Human nutrition and it’s public health importanceDrSindhuAlmas
Understanding of Nutrition and Malnutrition
Types of Malnutrition
Causes of Malnutrition
Global Burden of Malnutrition
Challenges faced to cope malnutrition
Policies and Strategies to Improve Nutrition
Interventions for Improving Nutrition Status
Presentation of BFN activities to SADC countries - Feb 2015Teresa Borelli
The presentations was delivered to a meeting of SADC countries showing how traditional crops can provide useful food alternatives when nutrition and food security is poor and when climate events can cause other crops to fail.
The influence of livestock-derived foods on the nutrition of mothers and infa...ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Silvia Alonso at a Land O’Lakes/ILRI workshop on animal source foods for nutrition impact, Nairobi, Kenya, 4 May 2017.
Nutrition-sensitive food systems: from concepts to practice: Resources for de...Francois Stepman
15 May 2017. Brussels. Infopoint Lunchtime Conference: presentation by Cristina Amaral, Director, FAO liaison office with the European Union and Belgium
Charlotte Dufour, FAO Nutrition policy and programme officer
Domitille Kauffmann, FAO Nutrition and resilience and capacity development advisor
Foresight Report on food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st...Glo_PAN
At the launch of the Global Panel's Foresight Report "Food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st century", which was held at FAO in Rome on 23 September 2016, Dr Lawrence Haddad, Chair of the Foresight Lead Expert Group, and Director of GAIN, presents the report.
Adding Fruit in our Diet: The Only Solution to Hidden HungerReetika Sharma
In present times forty four nations have "severe" or "alarming" levels of hunger. The fight against hunger has mostly stagnated internationally in recent years. The cumulated effect of war, climate change, economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis in Ukraine, have driven up the price of food, gasoline and fertilizer around the world. According to the Global Hunger Index 2022, India is ranked at 107 out of 121 nations and is classified as "severe" with a score of 29.1. At 19.3%, India has the highest child wasting rate in the world, which is worse than the levels seen in 2014 (15.1%) and because of India's large population, this rate raises the average for the region. Insufficient dietary intake and absorption of vitamins and minerals (such as zinc, iodine, folate, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, among others) hinders the growth and development of an individual. Thus, increasing the problem of hidden hunger, a type of undernutrition. Micronutrient deficiencies are caused by a poor diet, increased micronutrient requirements during particular life phases, such as pregnancy and lactation and health issues like illnesses and infections or parasites. According to the Food and Agriculture Report, 2018, India is home to 195.9 million of the 821 million malnourished people worldwide and has a 14.8% prevalence of undernutrition, which is greater than the average for Asia and the rest of the world. According to the National Health Survey, about 19 crore individuals in the country were estimated to be forced to sleep on an empty stomach every night in 2017.
Similar to Trends in global nutrition and health: Local fruits and their (20)
Presentation given by Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International, at the Svalbard Global Seed Vault Anniversary Event, February 2018.
This presentation outlines the results of a feasibility study for a Global Cryo-Collection of crops that cannot be conserved by seed. These include banana, cacao, cassava, coconut, coffee, potato and yams. These crops either don’t produce conventional seeds, like bananas, or because the seeds they do produce do not always resemble their parents, like potatoes and many other roots and tubers making it impossible to reproduce them.
Cryopreservation is safe and reliable and dependable. In cryopreservation, plants are stored in in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196 °C, a temperature so cold that it effectively stops all the living processes within the plant tissue, freezing it forever in time. Plants can then be regenerated from tiny stored samples and grown into whole plants.
This study was commissioned by Bioversity International, the International Potato Center (CIP) and the Global Crop Diversity Trust with financial support from Australia, Germany and Switzerland.
Read it here:
https://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/feasibility-study-for-a-safety-back-up-cryopreservation-facility-independent-expert-report-july-2017/
Ann Tutwiler presents on the importance of agricultural biodiversity for improving planetary health and human health at the Inaugural Planetary Health/Geohealth Annual Meeting - April 29 2017, Harvard Medical School. #PHGH2017
Visit the conference website: https://planetaryhealthannualmeeting.org/
Find out more about agricultural biodiversity for sustainable development
www.bioversityinternational.org/sdgs
Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International presents why food diversity matters for human health and the planet's health using a case study from India detailing how millets were brought back to diets and markets.
Find out more about our work on millets
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/markets-for-diverse-species/millets/
Find out more about the Earth Optimism Summit - April 21-23 2017
https://earthoptimism.si.edu/calendar/summit/events/human-health-planets-health/
Re-collection to assess temporal variation in wild barley diversity in JordanBioversity International
Presentation delivered by Dr Imke Thormann at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
Imke Thormann's presentation focused on crop wild relative genetic erosion and how it can be studied.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
Presentation delivered by Dr Jacob van Etten at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
In his talk, Dr van Etten brought attention to the power of citizen scientists and crowdsourcing, which has particularly helped initiatives such as 'Seeds for Needs'.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
Securing plant genetic resources for perpetuity through cryopreservationBioversity International
Presentation delivered by Dr Bart Panis at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
Among other international endeavors, this presentation highlighted the efforts of the International Transit Centre in conserving plant genetic resources such as Musa (banana) for our consumption today and tomorrow.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
We Manage What We Measure: An Agrobiodiversity Index to Help Deliver SDGsBioversity International
Presentation delivered by M. Ann Tutwiler at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
The presentation outlined a new Agrobiodiversity Index that will enable governments, private sector and other decision-makers to assess and track agrobiodiversity in food systems. Currently there is no consistent way to do this.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
IAC 2016 gathered 850 delegates from over 40 countries across the world who presented the results and stories of progress of agrobiodiversity research they are involved in.
Bioversity International policy scientist Ronnie Vernooy gave this presentation at the the Global Consultation on Farmers’ Rights, Indonesia, 27-30 September 2016, organized by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty).
The importance of farmers’ rights is recognized in Article 9 of the Plant Treaty.
In this presentation Vernooy shows how a community-based approach to the management of agricultural biodiversity, including supporting community seedbanks, can empower and benefit smallholder farmers and farming communities economically, environmentally and socially. This approach makes implementing farmers’ rights at national level both practical and effective contributing to food and seed security, sustainable livelihoods and resilience.
For more information, please visit:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/conservation-of-crop-diversity/community-seedbanks/
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/policies-for-plant-diversity-management/the-plant-treaty/
Presentation given at the session on 'Seeds of Resilience - Novel strategies for using crop diversity in climate change adaptation' at Tropentag 2016, September 21st, Vienna, by Bioversity International scientist Ronnie Vernooy.
Future impacts of climate change are expected to become more pronounced in many parts of the world, forcing farmers to change their practices and causing them to find crops and varieties better adapted to new weather dynamics. Providing farmers with better access to crop and varietal diversity can strengthen their capacity to adapt to climate change. Under supportive policy and socioeconomic conditions, such strengthened capacity could contribute to greater food availability throughout the year, the production of more nutritious and healthy crops, and income generation. This is easier said than done.
How do we design and implement a comprehensive strategy that will allow farmers to access and use plant genetic diversity more effectively in the context of climate change adaptation? This session responded to this question through an interactive introduction to the challenge of enabling farmers to use climate-adapted germplasm (led by Bioversity International), a practical example from the field to bring new diversity to farmers fields (a case study from Uganda), and a “this is how we support crop diversification for climate change adaptation” exchange among a number of experts from government (development cooperation), private sector and civil society.
Find out more:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/tropentag2016/
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/resource-box-for-resilient-seed-systems-handbook/
A short booklet that describes how and why Bioversity International carries out research for development in agricultural and tree biodiversity. The booklet gives information about why agricultural and tree biodiversity matters for sustainable development, our strategic initiatives, where we work and our areas of scientific expertise. Find out more on www.bioversityinternational.org
Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International gave this presentation at the Eighth Biodiversity Conference, Trondheim on 31st May 2016.
Current agricultural intensification practices are the biggest threat to sustainability and a major force behind breaching multiple planetary boundaries (Steffen et al., 2015). Agriculture contributes to between 19 and 29% of total GHG emissions (US EPA 2011, Vermeulen et al. 2012), uses of 69% of freshwater resources (AQUASTAT 2014), and 34% of the terrestrial, icefree surface of the planet accounting for 31% of wild biodiversity loss (Ramankutty et al. 2008). It is the primary driver for the substantial breach of the planetary boundary for phosphorous, and nitrogen (Carpenter and Bennett 2011, Steffen et al. 2015). The foods we produce from these systems struggle to nourish a growing global population where nearly 2 billion suffer from nutrient deficiencies, and another 2 billion suffer from obesity.
In as much as agricultural practices are important parts of the problem, they are likely to be our best bet for novel solutions addressing both human and environmental health. Increasing and improved use of agricultural biodiversity has the capacity provide both food and nutritional security, providing the ingredients of healthy, culturally sensitive, and enjoyable meals.
Mounting evidence suggests that producing food for diversified diets is often complementary with improving agriculture’s sustainability record. Agricultural biodiversity provides the core ecosystem services that underpin sustainable agricultural intensification: pollination, pest control, and sustainably stored and sourced soil nutrients. Finally, as the planet’s largest ecosystem, sustainable intensification of agricultural ecosystems has the capacity to provide multiple ecosystem services converting agriculture from a net source, to net sink of green house gases; reigning in planetary boundaries on phosphorus, nitrogen, and water; and creating a safe space for wild biodiversity .
Achieving agricultural biodiversity’s potential however, requires stronger support of the
research and development community, better articulation of biodiversity’s contribution to
multiple sustainable development goals, and improved indicators and indices that facilitate impact and progress both environmental and human well-being targets.
Find out more about Bioversity International's research on productive and resilient farms, forests and landscapes:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/initiatives/farms-forests-landscapes/
Visit the official Trondheim 8th Biodiversity Conference page:
http://www.trondheimconference.org/
Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International presentation on NOT finding the world's next superfood. This presentation was delivered at Kew Gardens on May 12th 2016 at the State of the World's Plants Symposium.
Abstract: In the last few years, superfoods such as quinoa, amaranth and goji berries have been celebrated in the international media in recognition of their rich nutrient content.
But it is not just Western consumers that can benefit from rediscovering these forgotten foods.
M. Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International, will explain how many nutritious traditional foods, which have largely fallen off menus and research-for-development agendas in favour of a handful of staple grains, are starting to make a comeback on the plates of the world’s poorest and most malnourished populations.
Bioversity International carries out research on a diverse range of underutilized crops, and advocates for their wider use in healthy diets from sustainable food systems. This overview will include examples of how research-for-development efforts on quinoa in the High Andes and minor millets in India have helped bring diverse varieties back to the farm, the market and the plate. She will highlight how these crops are often not just nutrient-rich but also have a high potential to contribute to livelihoods. They are often also highly resilient to today’s production challenges, such as climate change.
In conclusion, M. Ann Tutwiler will outline the urgent need to identify, promote and protect these useful plants which all have the potential to be placed into a diverse basket of Super Foods when it comes to delivering food and nutrition security.
In light of the 'Soils and pulses: symbiosis for life – A contribution to the Agenda 2030' event that took place at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Bioversity International's researcher Paola De Santis highlighted the importance of pulse diversity in managing pests and diseases in farmers' fields. Planting diverse pulse varieties can reduce the farm’s vulnerability to pests and diseases, and is a risk management strategy for unpredictability in rainfall and temperatures.
Learn more about Bioversity International's research on managing pests and diseases: http://bit.ly/23ZWtBW
Without safeguarding trees, one can't safeguard the forest - Soutenir les Arb...Bioversity International
Keynote presented by Bioversity International's scientist Dr Laura Snook about the importance of forest genetic resources and how without safeguarding trees, one can't safeguard the forest.
Learn more about Bioversity International's research: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/forests/
Agricultural biodiversity in climate change adaptation planning: An analysis of the National Adaptation Programmes of Action - a presentation given at the 15th meeting of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome, January 2015. Presentation given by Ana Bedmar Villanueva, Michael Halewood and Isabel López from Bioversity International.
Read a news announcement about the new guidelines for use of agrobiodiversity in climate change adaptation planning
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/new-guidelines-for-use-of-agricultural-biodiversity-in-climate-change-adaptation-planning/
This work is carried out in collaboration with the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Presentation given by Pierre du Plassis, SADC Secretariat, at the Mutual Implementation of the Plant Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol Workshop, Addis Ababa, November 16th.
Feedback on survey results, Ana Bedmar / Michael Halewood, Bioversity International. Presented at the Mutual Implementation of the Plant Treaty and Nagoya Protocol Workshop, Addis Ababa, 17th November
Resilient seed systems and Adaptation to climate change: Some Results from Participatory Climate & Crops Suitability modeling in 8 African Countries. Presentation by Gloria Otieno, Bioversity International given at the 'Mutual Implementation of the Plant Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol' workshop, Assia Ababa, November 16th 2015
Resilient seed systems and Adaptation to climate change
Trends in global nutrition and health: Local fruits and their
1. Trends in global nutrition and health: Local fruits and theirpotential importance for nutrition and health Jessica Fanzo PhD Senior Scientist, Nutrition and Diversity Bioversity International
3. 10-20% 21-30% 31-40% 41-50% >51% <10% Over a billion are overweight or obese Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean North Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Source: The World is Fat (Penguin, Dec 2008)
5. Main driver of overnutrition…not poverty alone Global shifts in the diet Energy dense foods High in fat and sugar Low in micronutrients Decline in physical activity Sedentary nature of work Modes of transportation Increased urbanization
6.
7. One alarming trend Children who are born of low birth weight followed by exposure to high fat, nutrient dense foods ---- are more at risk of becoming obese and susceptible to non-communicable diseases
8. Children under two who are undernourished in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
9. Adults ages 18 to 29 who are overweight in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
10. Adults ages 30 to 59 who are overweight in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
11. Adults over 60 who are overweight in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
12. Summary of Russia’s nutritional status Low birth weight babies: 7% (EU is 4 to 7) Stunting in children under 2: 8-15% Overweight or obese adults: over 50% Emphasis on high meat, high protein, high calorie diet The “double burden” in Russia is due to a lack of micronutrients essential for growth followed by weight gain during infancy
13. What is being done globally to address the global burden? The interventions being currently scaled are: Good child feeding and hygiene practices Micronutrient supplementation Food fortification Ready to use therapeutic foods to treat acute malnutrition What is not addressed in these interventions? Diet diversity Overnutrition Agriculture’s role
14. Agriculture, for the most part, hasforgotten about nutrition Agriculture research, programs and policy have not focus on maximizing nutrition output from farming systems
15. Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity is POTENTIALLY important: As a coping mechanism against hunger For environmental sustainability For food security resilience For strengthening of local food systems As a rich source of nutrients for improved diet diversity and quality Deriving direct benefits from agricultural biodiversity is an incentive to conserve that diversity
16. Diet Diversity Good predictor of dietary quality Associated with stunting Associated with longevity Associated with decreases in some cancers and heart disease risk
17. Fruits and vegetables contribute to diet diversity Important for diet diversity by providing micronutrients and non-nutrients Botanical diversity of fruits and vegetables plays a role in the biological effect of antioxidant phytochemicals Consumption of fruit and vegetables has many health benefits: Lowers blood pressure reduces risk of heart disease, stroke, and some cancers lowers risk of eye and digestive problems keeps blood sugar levels more level SO WHY DON’T PEOPLE CONSUME MORE???
18. The Berry Collection and its importance in health and nutrition In Northern territories with cold climates, berries play a critical role in diets and are highly adopted to local conditions (Finland, Russia, NE USA, Canada, Greenland) Large diversity of Ribes (currants), Rubus (blackberries), Lonicera (honeyberries), Sorbus (moutain ash), Vitis (grape) should be harnessed! Beyond just essential vitamins and minerals essential for nutrition, phytochemicals are critical important
19. Importance of Genetic Diversity to Diet diversity for Russia Traditional foods have been replaced with cheaper calorie-rich, nutrient-deficient staples like bread and potatoes "We are losing our culinary traditions,“ -Gennady Onishchenko, head of the Federal Consumer Protection Service Conservation and characterization of genetic diversity of local Russian crops is the FIRST and most critical step in preserving those culinary traditions – and gaining ACCESS to agricultural biodiversity and dietary diversity
21. Linking genetic resource conservation with wellbeing: The importance of this collaboration: VIR, BI, and CRPGL New collaboration platforms: partnerships between nutritionists and gene bank scientists are rare New links: linking the importance of local genetic resources to better nutrition and health is a new area of work New research: Research on the nutrient and health factors of local varieties assessed from gene banks, grown in different environmental and geographical conditions is innovative
22. Critical Future Questions What is the impact of the nutrient and phytochemical values of these foods on human health and nutrition? How much is needed to consume to get the protective effects of phytochemicals? And its bioavailability? How widespread are these foods consumed in Russia? If critically important to human health, how can the collection be best managed and how can improvements in production of important varieties be scaled? How should the value of these foods be promoted and to whom in Russia? Does industry play a role?
24. Our challenge: How can our work influence the food industry to ensure locally sourced nutritious foods are a part of programs? “Good Nutrition Programme” for schools - Nestlé Russia Goal of the program: To instill a basic understanding of nutritional culture among children, parents and teachers, and provide practical experience Target reach: 31 regions of Russia, with 3 more regions planned in 2011. Annually, over 350,000 children in 5,000 schools are involved in the programme, and in total has helped 3 million children from 30,000 schools to learn about good nutrition
25. Thank you! Thank you to VIR – Sergey, Tatjana, Artem The Centre de Recherche Public Gabriel Lippmann – Jean Francois and Isabelle The Global Crop Diversity Trust – Luigi Guarino The Peoples of the Russian Federation And to Sergey, our translator!
Editor's Notes
Diet diversity interventions and food approachesSustainable management of environmental resources for food productionActions to address overnutrition and non-communicable disease riskNutrition-sensitive interventions in other sectors, such as agriculture
Agricultural extension services promoting better crop diversity and biodiversity for improved nutrition; Integrated agro-forestry systems that reduce deforestation and promote the sustainable exploitation of nutrient-rich non-wood forest products; Integrated farming systems exploiting the synergies of horticulture, aquaculture and small livestock rearing to reduce waste and expenses on agricultural inputs and increase food production diversity; Improved household food production and livelihoods (i.e. diversification of household food production for self-consumption, to improve the nutritional quality of the family diet).
Pertains to the biological variety exhibited among crops and animals used for food and agriculture as well as among organisms that constitute agricultural ecosystems at ecosystem, species, and genetic levels
Finland abounds with wild berries. The annual harvest of wild berries in Finland has been estimated at more than 50 million kilograms (110 million lb)-more than ten kilograms (22 lb) per Finn. Approximately 50 different species can be found in Finland in all kinds of environments from rocky seashores to swamps and forests. Of all the different species of wild berries in Finland, roughly 20 are edible. The best known and most valuable are lingonberry, bilberry, cloudberry, and buckthorn berry. The most commonly traded of the wild berries is the lingonberry. Anthocyanins are a group of phytochemicals that give berries their red color. Anthocyanins inhibit growth of lung, colon and leukemia cancer cells without affecting growth of healthy cells in lab studies.Ellagic acid is a phytochemical found in virtually all berries. Ellagic acid also blocks metabolic pathways that can lead to cancer. In animals, it has inhibited development of colon, esophageal, liver, lung and skin cancers stemming from a variety of carcinogens.Pterostilbene is an antioxidant phytochemical that affects metabolic processes to decrease development of both cancer and heart disease. Blueberries are an excellent source of this relative of the health-promoting resveratrol that is found in grapes and red wine.