This study examines the effects of a meaningful goal intervention program on adolescents with recent suicide ideation. Participants from a residential treatment center will be assigned to either participate in the goal program or receive standard treatment. The goal program aims to increase meaning and purpose through setting and pursuing personal goals. It is hypothesized those in the goal program will have fewer suicide attempts and improved scores on depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation measures compared to the control group.
Spirituality and Attitude towards Death among Senior Citizens with Special Re...AnuragSingh1049
Death is an unpredictable and undeniable event that occurs in everyone’s life regardless of age, time, place etc. One of the common experiences for those are unprepared for this reality is Anxiety. The attitude of senior citizens towards death vary from person to person and they adopt different strategies to cope with their anxieties. Spiritual practice is one of the coping strategies adopted by senior citizens. The present study tries to examine the association between spirituality and attitudes towards death among 100 senior citizens ( 65 years and above) in residential houses and in old age homes. Participants were asked to respond to two different questionnaires namely, Death Attitude Profile-Revised developed by Wong, Recker, Gosser (1994) and Spirituality Experience Index- Revised developed by Genia, V (1991) including a 32-item and 23-item respectively. Data was collected during March-April, 2018 by using SPSS software and data were analysed using the statistical tools namely, simple percentages, means, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, t-Test and ANOVA. The scale had a high level of internal consistency, as determined by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.712. The study concludes that higher the level of spirituality (spiritual openness) lower the level of fear of death. Those with higher level of spirituality avoid thinking and talking about death to be away from anxiety. There is a negative correlation between spirituality and positive dimension of attitude towards death (Escape acceptance) higher the level of spirituality, lower the attitude towards escape acceptance (death as an escape from a painful existence) but there was no correlation between spiritual support and any of the death attitude dimensions.
How should we judge the value of different therapies? Clearly some work better in the short haul, particularly focussing on symptom relief, and some are better at the long haul, where the changes that are might be expected are more secular. Much less is known about what such secular changes are although it has been suggested that they are schemata rather than thoughts, deeper levels of the personality, personality disorders, emotional dispositions, unconscious forces, factors that affect well-being or life-satisfaction in contract to happiness, moods and not emotions, or relationship styles rather than specific relationships.
The lack of clearly specified long haul outcomes means that the effectiveness of psychotherapy over the long term remains difficult to evaluate. In the short-term, using symptom scores as an outcome, most accepted psychotherapy methods produce the same gains although methods that make symptoms their first focus produce these changes more quickly.
The Relation between Happiness and Life Expectancy among the Nurses in TehranAli Moghadam
This study examines the relationship between happiness and life expectancy among nurses in Tehran, Iran. 97 nurses were randomly selected from hospitals in Tehran to complete the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and HERTH Hope Scale. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed a relationship between happiness and life expectancy among the nurse participants. Specifically, higher levels of happiness were correlated with higher levels of life expectancy.
This document proposes an internship to develop an arts-based program to address mental health among college students at CUNY. It provides background on the need to address mental health through innovative approaches. A conceptual model is presented showing factors that contribute to student stress, including cultural, social, and environmental factors. The internship aims to create a curriculum using art to help alleviate stress. Short and long-term outcomes are outlined, showing how the program could benefit students' daily lives and provide evidence to support future mental health legislation. Careful evaluation of program activities and their ability to achieve outcomes is discussed. The goal is to explore how art can fit into traditional mental health interventions and expand knowledge in the field.
This study tested the hypothesis that positive emotions build personal resources over time through loving-kindness meditation. Researchers randomly assigned 139 working adults to either begin a loving-kindness meditation practice or a control group. Those who meditated experienced increases in daily positive emotions, which led to gains in personal resources like mindfulness, life satisfaction, and social support. In turn, increased resources predicted improved well-being, as shown by less depressive symptoms. The findings provide experimental evidence that positive emotions generated through meditation can accumulate over time to strengthen important personal qualities and relationships.
This document summarizes research on the effects of domestic violence on survivor mental health. It discusses how domestic violence can lead to mental health issues like PTSD, depression, and anxiety. It reviews several studies that found domestic violence is linked to cognitive issues, diminished ability to function, and fear responses in survivors. The studies also found survivors experience a range of emotions and that their mental health problems interfere with daily life. More research is still needed to fully understand the mental and neurological impacts of domestic violence on survivors.
This study aims to examine whether regular participation in campus recreation can improve mental health for students suffering from depression. 30 students diagnosed with depression will be randomly assigned to 3 groups: yoga, team sports, or independent recreation center time. The groups will meet 3 times per week for 1 hour over 3 months. Before and after, participants will complete the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The study hypothesizes that involvement in campus recreation will yield mental health benefits for depressed students based on post-test scores.
evidence based understanding of suicide and treatment for suicidal patients. Gives a look into why people attempt suicide and some solutions clinicians can do to help.
Spirituality and Attitude towards Death among Senior Citizens with Special Re...AnuragSingh1049
Death is an unpredictable and undeniable event that occurs in everyone’s life regardless of age, time, place etc. One of the common experiences for those are unprepared for this reality is Anxiety. The attitude of senior citizens towards death vary from person to person and they adopt different strategies to cope with their anxieties. Spiritual practice is one of the coping strategies adopted by senior citizens. The present study tries to examine the association between spirituality and attitudes towards death among 100 senior citizens ( 65 years and above) in residential houses and in old age homes. Participants were asked to respond to two different questionnaires namely, Death Attitude Profile-Revised developed by Wong, Recker, Gosser (1994) and Spirituality Experience Index- Revised developed by Genia, V (1991) including a 32-item and 23-item respectively. Data was collected during March-April, 2018 by using SPSS software and data were analysed using the statistical tools namely, simple percentages, means, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, t-Test and ANOVA. The scale had a high level of internal consistency, as determined by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.712. The study concludes that higher the level of spirituality (spiritual openness) lower the level of fear of death. Those with higher level of spirituality avoid thinking and talking about death to be away from anxiety. There is a negative correlation between spirituality and positive dimension of attitude towards death (Escape acceptance) higher the level of spirituality, lower the attitude towards escape acceptance (death as an escape from a painful existence) but there was no correlation between spiritual support and any of the death attitude dimensions.
How should we judge the value of different therapies? Clearly some work better in the short haul, particularly focussing on symptom relief, and some are better at the long haul, where the changes that are might be expected are more secular. Much less is known about what such secular changes are although it has been suggested that they are schemata rather than thoughts, deeper levels of the personality, personality disorders, emotional dispositions, unconscious forces, factors that affect well-being or life-satisfaction in contract to happiness, moods and not emotions, or relationship styles rather than specific relationships.
The lack of clearly specified long haul outcomes means that the effectiveness of psychotherapy over the long term remains difficult to evaluate. In the short-term, using symptom scores as an outcome, most accepted psychotherapy methods produce the same gains although methods that make symptoms their first focus produce these changes more quickly.
The Relation between Happiness and Life Expectancy among the Nurses in TehranAli Moghadam
This study examines the relationship between happiness and life expectancy among nurses in Tehran, Iran. 97 nurses were randomly selected from hospitals in Tehran to complete the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and HERTH Hope Scale. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed a relationship between happiness and life expectancy among the nurse participants. Specifically, higher levels of happiness were correlated with higher levels of life expectancy.
This document proposes an internship to develop an arts-based program to address mental health among college students at CUNY. It provides background on the need to address mental health through innovative approaches. A conceptual model is presented showing factors that contribute to student stress, including cultural, social, and environmental factors. The internship aims to create a curriculum using art to help alleviate stress. Short and long-term outcomes are outlined, showing how the program could benefit students' daily lives and provide evidence to support future mental health legislation. Careful evaluation of program activities and their ability to achieve outcomes is discussed. The goal is to explore how art can fit into traditional mental health interventions and expand knowledge in the field.
This study tested the hypothesis that positive emotions build personal resources over time through loving-kindness meditation. Researchers randomly assigned 139 working adults to either begin a loving-kindness meditation practice or a control group. Those who meditated experienced increases in daily positive emotions, which led to gains in personal resources like mindfulness, life satisfaction, and social support. In turn, increased resources predicted improved well-being, as shown by less depressive symptoms. The findings provide experimental evidence that positive emotions generated through meditation can accumulate over time to strengthen important personal qualities and relationships.
This document summarizes research on the effects of domestic violence on survivor mental health. It discusses how domestic violence can lead to mental health issues like PTSD, depression, and anxiety. It reviews several studies that found domestic violence is linked to cognitive issues, diminished ability to function, and fear responses in survivors. The studies also found survivors experience a range of emotions and that their mental health problems interfere with daily life. More research is still needed to fully understand the mental and neurological impacts of domestic violence on survivors.
This study aims to examine whether regular participation in campus recreation can improve mental health for students suffering from depression. 30 students diagnosed with depression will be randomly assigned to 3 groups: yoga, team sports, or independent recreation center time. The groups will meet 3 times per week for 1 hour over 3 months. Before and after, participants will complete the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The study hypothesizes that involvement in campus recreation will yield mental health benefits for depressed students based on post-test scores.
evidence based understanding of suicide and treatment for suicidal patients. Gives a look into why people attempt suicide and some solutions clinicians can do to help.
Religiosity and depression in college studentsDevon Berry
Presentation of study results examining relationship between depression and religiosity in college-age students. Background, methods, findings and discussion shared in brief format.
The document discusses suicidal patients and suicide risk assessment. It outlines several factors that contribute to the development of suicidal crises, including perceiving problems as unsolvable and believing death will bring relief. Suicidal individuals often feel hopeless about enduring or solving their difficulties. Those at higher risk include those with psychiatric disorders, life stressors, physical illness, personality disorders or social problems. A comprehensive assessment evaluates demographics, life stressors, diagnoses, and family history of suicide. Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness are also assessed. Treatment includes crisis intervention, focusing on preventing suicide through assessment and identifying high-risk individuals, as well as continuing therapy viewing suicidality as a problem behavior to address.
Chronic Emotional Detachment, Disorders, and Treatment-Team BSarah M
This document discusses chronic emotional detachment and how it may lead to increased rates of mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It hypothesizes that suppressing natural emotions to conform to societal pressures causes stress and depersonalization over time. When a distressing trigger occurs, this imbalance can lead to mental disorders. The document reviews literature linking emotional suppression to increased disorders in populations like veterans and refugees. It proposes studying the relationship between evolutionary survival mechanisms and societal norms. The methodology section describes a mixed-methods study using surveys, interviews, and archival data from a random sample to understand subjective emotional experiences and medication effectiveness.
Isaac Suh conducted a study to examine whether a "suicide model" incorporating resilience, mindset, rumination, and hopelessness could aid in predicting suicidality. He surveyed 52 students, collecting data on these variables and suicidality. Regression analysis found resilience was the strongest predictor, uniquely accounting for 14% of variance in suicidality. The full model explained 32.2% of variance, a large effect. Suh suggests further examining resilience and conducting the study in two phases to assess pre-stress and post-stress levels.
A lecture given about phenomenology and psychosis in Aarhus December 2015The Existential Academy
This document discusses principles of existential therapeutic work and practice for severe and persistent anxiety disorders. It describes how working with preoccupying concerns is important, as clients will persist in therapy that addresses these concerns. It also notes some limits of therapy, such as that therapy cannot replace life experiences, and that a person's inherent nature presents an obstacle that may frustrate therapeutic attempts.
This study examines whether prayer helps older adults cope more effectively with the adverse effects of lifetime trauma. It analyzes data from a nationwide survey of older adults in the United States. The study finds that depressive symptoms related to traumatic events are reduced for older people who believe that only God knows when it is best to answer a prayer and how to answer it. These beliefs about prayer outcomes especially offset the effects of childhood trauma. The study aims to understand how different types of prayer and beliefs about prayer outcomes may help people accept traumatic events that cannot be changed and promote peaceful acceptance.
This document discusses social cognition in individuals with bipolar disorder. It begins by defining social cognition and outlining its key dimensions. It then reviews studies comparing social cognition abilities in individuals with bipolar disorder versus healthy controls. The studies show impairments in areas like theory of mind, emotion processing, and attributional biases. Differences are also seen between bipolar type I and II. While some social cognition abilities are preserved, deficits tend to be more pronounced than in individuals with schizophrenia. Overall, the document analyzes research on social cognition challenges in bipolar disorder.
1) Suicide is a major global public health problem, with over 1 million deaths by suicide annually worldwide and rates expected to rise 60% by 2020.
2) Suicide is influenced by numerous interrelated demographic, social, familial, biological, physical health, mental health, and psychological factors. Those with a previous suicide attempt, mental illness such as depression, or substance abuse disorder are especially at high risk.
3) A thorough suicide risk assessment considers both static historical factors and dynamic current factors to determine level of risk and devise a treatment plan, with the highest risk periods being when suicidal thoughts, means, and opportunity coincide. For high-risk patients, hospitalization may be required for safety.
This ppt of an invited address to an annual national child psychiatry conference reflects on recent child suicides (aged 9-14) in Australia. It builds a case for a prevention paradigm building on a current national assessment of education scores (NAPLAN). The ppt argues that adding a national assessment process for mental health in all schools (WELLPLAN), could drive competitive adoption of mental wellness programs in schools.
Supporting whānau and individuals bereaved by suicide or affected by suicide attempt. A presentation on the challenges and development of a Postvention Support Service that aims to provide support to Māori whānau and individuals bereaved by suicide or affected by suicide attempt.
Presentation by Eliza Snelgar, Dr Louisa Walker, Clinical Advisory Services Aotearoa at the 2009 SPINZ National Symposium: Culture and Suicide Prevention in Aotearoa: http://www.spinz.org.nz/page/108-events-archive+spinz-national-symposium-2009+symposium-coverage
While China's one child policy is often blamed for rising suicide rates, this document argues it is not the cause. Suicide is a complex issue with many contributing factors. The bibliography provided focuses on children, suicide prevention resources, and China-related sources on topics like the one child policy and suicide rates, suggesting the document examines the relationship between these topics but does not find a direct causal link.
Child abuse and neglect reporting is mandatory for certain professionals. Abuse includes physical harm, sexual abuse, emotional injury, or failure to prevent these. Reports must be made within 48 hours and can be filed by phone or online. Failure to report or false reporting can result in misdemeanor charges. Signs of teen suicide ideation include irritability, physical complaints, sensitivity to criticism, social withdrawal, and talking about death or dying. Anyone expressing suicidal thoughts should be taken seriously and a counselor or administrator contacted immediately for assistance. The student must remain supervised until help arrives.
Some behavioural addictions like problem gambling and internet pornography addiction carry risks of suicide due to increased shame, isolation, and depression when the behaviors are disclosed. Counselors should be aware of this risk and address suicidal ideation proactively with clients, especially males who may suppress emotions. Normalizing suicidal thoughts can help identify risk levels without increasing shame, and motivational interviewing can resolve ambivalence and build self-efficacy to reduce risks. However, counselors must consider individual factors and be careful not to suggest suicidal actions to vulnerable clients.
This document discusses self-harm, including its definition, types, functions, and risk factors. It provides information on identifying self-harm and supporting those who engage in it. Suggested coping mechanisms are given to replace self-harm. The document emphasizes being supportive, suggesting counseling and coping skills, and avoiding judgment or simplistic responses. Resources for help with self-harm or crisis are also listed.
A guide to suicide sceening for non clinician staff on campusDave Wilson
A guide to suicide screening for non-clinician staff provides information about:
- Understanding suicide myths and facts as well as prevalence data
- Risk and protective factors for suicide
- Using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) to screen for suicide risk by asking questions about ideation and behavior
- Taking appropriate actions based on the screening such as signposting to support services for low risk, contacting emergency services for very high risk, or contacting mental health services for high risk
Saath is a suicide prevention organization in Ahmedabad, India. It was founded in 1998 after the founder, Anju Sheth, lost two teenage relatives to suicide. Saath operates with volunteers who receive three days of training and provide free counseling services to those in emotional crisis. The volunteers aim to listen without judgment and help callers feel relief from sharing their problems. Research conducted by Saath found the leading causes of youth suicide are educational pressure and failed relationships. They suggest changes like moving away from ranking systems and helping students develop coping skills to address this issue.
This document discusses self-harm, including definitions, causes, statistics, treatments, and consequences. Some key points include:
- Self-harm refers to deliberately harming one's own body through behaviors like cutting, burning, head banging, and eating disorders.
- Common causes of self-harm include intense emotions, abuse, low self-esteem, and a desire to feel numb or alive. Nearly 50% of those who engage in self-harm have a history of sexual abuse.
- Statistics show that about 2 million cases of self-harm are reported annually in the US, with females comprising 60% of those who engage and rates highest among teens and young adults.
- Without treatment
Clear warning signs often precede suicide in over 90% of cases. Depression is the leading cause of suicide, and white males have the highest suicide rate increase. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds. Relationships, loss, mental constriction, and inability to adjust are common factors. Organizations like AFSP provide support for survivors and work to prevent suicide through education and outreach. Parents should take any suicide talk seriously and seek help from professionals.
This document discusses suicide statistics and demographics. It states that every 40 seconds someone commits suicide worldwide, with over 36,000 suicides annually in the United States alone. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the US. Teenagers aged 15-24 have the third highest suicide rate. Risk factors include depression, substance abuse, and mental illnesses. The document also covers bullying statistics and prevention.
This document discusses suicide and attempted suicide. It defines different types of suicidal behaviors and notes that the intent can vary, from altruistic suicide to impulsive acts in response to stress or cries for help. Freud is cited as viewing suicide as a conflict between life-preserving and self-destructive forces. Statistics on suicide rates in Jaffna between 1980-1989 are provided, showing the highest rates among males. Risk factors for suicide are identified, including depression, alcoholism, physical illness, unemployment, and recent attempts. Guidelines are given for assessing and managing suicidal patients, including treating underlying conditions, providing crisis intervention, and deciding whether hospitalization is required.
Young People & Self Harm Presentation Deck (Contact-Nathan M To)Nathan M. To, PhD
The document summarizes research on self-harm, especially cutting, among young people. It finds that cutting has become more social and connected to peer groups online and offline. Cutting releases biochemical rewards in the brain and serves as a coping mechanism for overwhelming emotions. To address this issue, the document proposes creating an empowering graphic novel based on real stories of those struggling with self-harm. The graphic novel aims to help young people find alternative coping strategies and reduce stigma around self-harm.
This document summarizes a presentation on adolescent self-harm. It discusses how self-harm behaviors and thoughts have been increasing in adolescents. Common self-harm behaviors include suicide attempts, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts. The presentation then covers perspectives on self-harm including sociocultural factors like contagion on the internet, developmental factors like peaks in self-harm corresponding with puberty, and clinical responses like treatment and pharmacological options. The overall message is that self-harm in adolescents is a complex issue influenced by both individual and environmental factors, and requires comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies.
Religiosity and depression in college studentsDevon Berry
Presentation of study results examining relationship between depression and religiosity in college-age students. Background, methods, findings and discussion shared in brief format.
The document discusses suicidal patients and suicide risk assessment. It outlines several factors that contribute to the development of suicidal crises, including perceiving problems as unsolvable and believing death will bring relief. Suicidal individuals often feel hopeless about enduring or solving their difficulties. Those at higher risk include those with psychiatric disorders, life stressors, physical illness, personality disorders or social problems. A comprehensive assessment evaluates demographics, life stressors, diagnoses, and family history of suicide. Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness are also assessed. Treatment includes crisis intervention, focusing on preventing suicide through assessment and identifying high-risk individuals, as well as continuing therapy viewing suicidality as a problem behavior to address.
Chronic Emotional Detachment, Disorders, and Treatment-Team BSarah M
This document discusses chronic emotional detachment and how it may lead to increased rates of mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It hypothesizes that suppressing natural emotions to conform to societal pressures causes stress and depersonalization over time. When a distressing trigger occurs, this imbalance can lead to mental disorders. The document reviews literature linking emotional suppression to increased disorders in populations like veterans and refugees. It proposes studying the relationship between evolutionary survival mechanisms and societal norms. The methodology section describes a mixed-methods study using surveys, interviews, and archival data from a random sample to understand subjective emotional experiences and medication effectiveness.
Isaac Suh conducted a study to examine whether a "suicide model" incorporating resilience, mindset, rumination, and hopelessness could aid in predicting suicidality. He surveyed 52 students, collecting data on these variables and suicidality. Regression analysis found resilience was the strongest predictor, uniquely accounting for 14% of variance in suicidality. The full model explained 32.2% of variance, a large effect. Suh suggests further examining resilience and conducting the study in two phases to assess pre-stress and post-stress levels.
A lecture given about phenomenology and psychosis in Aarhus December 2015The Existential Academy
This document discusses principles of existential therapeutic work and practice for severe and persistent anxiety disorders. It describes how working with preoccupying concerns is important, as clients will persist in therapy that addresses these concerns. It also notes some limits of therapy, such as that therapy cannot replace life experiences, and that a person's inherent nature presents an obstacle that may frustrate therapeutic attempts.
This study examines whether prayer helps older adults cope more effectively with the adverse effects of lifetime trauma. It analyzes data from a nationwide survey of older adults in the United States. The study finds that depressive symptoms related to traumatic events are reduced for older people who believe that only God knows when it is best to answer a prayer and how to answer it. These beliefs about prayer outcomes especially offset the effects of childhood trauma. The study aims to understand how different types of prayer and beliefs about prayer outcomes may help people accept traumatic events that cannot be changed and promote peaceful acceptance.
This document discusses social cognition in individuals with bipolar disorder. It begins by defining social cognition and outlining its key dimensions. It then reviews studies comparing social cognition abilities in individuals with bipolar disorder versus healthy controls. The studies show impairments in areas like theory of mind, emotion processing, and attributional biases. Differences are also seen between bipolar type I and II. While some social cognition abilities are preserved, deficits tend to be more pronounced than in individuals with schizophrenia. Overall, the document analyzes research on social cognition challenges in bipolar disorder.
1) Suicide is a major global public health problem, with over 1 million deaths by suicide annually worldwide and rates expected to rise 60% by 2020.
2) Suicide is influenced by numerous interrelated demographic, social, familial, biological, physical health, mental health, and psychological factors. Those with a previous suicide attempt, mental illness such as depression, or substance abuse disorder are especially at high risk.
3) A thorough suicide risk assessment considers both static historical factors and dynamic current factors to determine level of risk and devise a treatment plan, with the highest risk periods being when suicidal thoughts, means, and opportunity coincide. For high-risk patients, hospitalization may be required for safety.
This ppt of an invited address to an annual national child psychiatry conference reflects on recent child suicides (aged 9-14) in Australia. It builds a case for a prevention paradigm building on a current national assessment of education scores (NAPLAN). The ppt argues that adding a national assessment process for mental health in all schools (WELLPLAN), could drive competitive adoption of mental wellness programs in schools.
Supporting whānau and individuals bereaved by suicide or affected by suicide attempt. A presentation on the challenges and development of a Postvention Support Service that aims to provide support to Māori whānau and individuals bereaved by suicide or affected by suicide attempt.
Presentation by Eliza Snelgar, Dr Louisa Walker, Clinical Advisory Services Aotearoa at the 2009 SPINZ National Symposium: Culture and Suicide Prevention in Aotearoa: http://www.spinz.org.nz/page/108-events-archive+spinz-national-symposium-2009+symposium-coverage
While China's one child policy is often blamed for rising suicide rates, this document argues it is not the cause. Suicide is a complex issue with many contributing factors. The bibliography provided focuses on children, suicide prevention resources, and China-related sources on topics like the one child policy and suicide rates, suggesting the document examines the relationship between these topics but does not find a direct causal link.
Child abuse and neglect reporting is mandatory for certain professionals. Abuse includes physical harm, sexual abuse, emotional injury, or failure to prevent these. Reports must be made within 48 hours and can be filed by phone or online. Failure to report or false reporting can result in misdemeanor charges. Signs of teen suicide ideation include irritability, physical complaints, sensitivity to criticism, social withdrawal, and talking about death or dying. Anyone expressing suicidal thoughts should be taken seriously and a counselor or administrator contacted immediately for assistance. The student must remain supervised until help arrives.
Some behavioural addictions like problem gambling and internet pornography addiction carry risks of suicide due to increased shame, isolation, and depression when the behaviors are disclosed. Counselors should be aware of this risk and address suicidal ideation proactively with clients, especially males who may suppress emotions. Normalizing suicidal thoughts can help identify risk levels without increasing shame, and motivational interviewing can resolve ambivalence and build self-efficacy to reduce risks. However, counselors must consider individual factors and be careful not to suggest suicidal actions to vulnerable clients.
This document discusses self-harm, including its definition, types, functions, and risk factors. It provides information on identifying self-harm and supporting those who engage in it. Suggested coping mechanisms are given to replace self-harm. The document emphasizes being supportive, suggesting counseling and coping skills, and avoiding judgment or simplistic responses. Resources for help with self-harm or crisis are also listed.
A guide to suicide sceening for non clinician staff on campusDave Wilson
A guide to suicide screening for non-clinician staff provides information about:
- Understanding suicide myths and facts as well as prevalence data
- Risk and protective factors for suicide
- Using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) to screen for suicide risk by asking questions about ideation and behavior
- Taking appropriate actions based on the screening such as signposting to support services for low risk, contacting emergency services for very high risk, or contacting mental health services for high risk
Saath is a suicide prevention organization in Ahmedabad, India. It was founded in 1998 after the founder, Anju Sheth, lost two teenage relatives to suicide. Saath operates with volunteers who receive three days of training and provide free counseling services to those in emotional crisis. The volunteers aim to listen without judgment and help callers feel relief from sharing their problems. Research conducted by Saath found the leading causes of youth suicide are educational pressure and failed relationships. They suggest changes like moving away from ranking systems and helping students develop coping skills to address this issue.
This document discusses self-harm, including definitions, causes, statistics, treatments, and consequences. Some key points include:
- Self-harm refers to deliberately harming one's own body through behaviors like cutting, burning, head banging, and eating disorders.
- Common causes of self-harm include intense emotions, abuse, low self-esteem, and a desire to feel numb or alive. Nearly 50% of those who engage in self-harm have a history of sexual abuse.
- Statistics show that about 2 million cases of self-harm are reported annually in the US, with females comprising 60% of those who engage and rates highest among teens and young adults.
- Without treatment
Clear warning signs often precede suicide in over 90% of cases. Depression is the leading cause of suicide, and white males have the highest suicide rate increase. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds. Relationships, loss, mental constriction, and inability to adjust are common factors. Organizations like AFSP provide support for survivors and work to prevent suicide through education and outreach. Parents should take any suicide talk seriously and seek help from professionals.
This document discusses suicide statistics and demographics. It states that every 40 seconds someone commits suicide worldwide, with over 36,000 suicides annually in the United States alone. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the US. Teenagers aged 15-24 have the third highest suicide rate. Risk factors include depression, substance abuse, and mental illnesses. The document also covers bullying statistics and prevention.
This document discusses suicide and attempted suicide. It defines different types of suicidal behaviors and notes that the intent can vary, from altruistic suicide to impulsive acts in response to stress or cries for help. Freud is cited as viewing suicide as a conflict between life-preserving and self-destructive forces. Statistics on suicide rates in Jaffna between 1980-1989 are provided, showing the highest rates among males. Risk factors for suicide are identified, including depression, alcoholism, physical illness, unemployment, and recent attempts. Guidelines are given for assessing and managing suicidal patients, including treating underlying conditions, providing crisis intervention, and deciding whether hospitalization is required.
Young People & Self Harm Presentation Deck (Contact-Nathan M To)Nathan M. To, PhD
The document summarizes research on self-harm, especially cutting, among young people. It finds that cutting has become more social and connected to peer groups online and offline. Cutting releases biochemical rewards in the brain and serves as a coping mechanism for overwhelming emotions. To address this issue, the document proposes creating an empowering graphic novel based on real stories of those struggling with self-harm. The graphic novel aims to help young people find alternative coping strategies and reduce stigma around self-harm.
This document summarizes a presentation on adolescent self-harm. It discusses how self-harm behaviors and thoughts have been increasing in adolescents. Common self-harm behaviors include suicide attempts, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts. The presentation then covers perspectives on self-harm including sociocultural factors like contagion on the internet, developmental factors like peaks in self-harm corresponding with puberty, and clinical responses like treatment and pharmacological options. The overall message is that self-harm in adolescents is a complex issue influenced by both individual and environmental factors, and requires comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies.
Suicide assessment and management guidelinesNursing Path
The document provides guidelines for assessing and managing suicide risk. It outlines that a thorough assessment should evaluate for the presence of a mental disorder, suicidal ideation, intent, means, and risk factors. Treatment involves addressing the underlying disorder, mitigating risk factors, strengthening support systems, and maintaining long-term treatment. Ongoing monitoring of at-risk patients is important. Hospitalization may be necessary for patients deemed a high suicide risk, while others can be treated as outpatients with close follow-up. Proper documentation of assessments and safety plans is also discussed.
Causes of teenagers sucide in bangladeshAhsAn AunTu
Teenage suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, particularly among those aged 15-24. Suicide rates are higher among females than males. Common risk factors for teen suicide include depression, substance abuse, family history of mental illness, physical or sexual abuse, stress, and feelings of hopelessness. Warning signs can include changes in behavior, sleep, interests and talk of suicide. Prevention efforts should encourage communication, ensure access to mental healthcare, and remove means of self-harm.
Suicide Risk Assessment and Interventions - no videosKevin J. Drab
An in depth presentation of the current information known about suicide and the most effective interventions we currently have. If you are unclear about how to handle suicidal behavior or what are the more research-based approaches this PPT will be an excellent review for you. I have been training clinicians in Suicidology for over 20 years and have always stayed on top of the latest research and literature.
Professional Risk Assessment: Suicide and Self Harm RiskDr Gemma Russell
Presentation delivered to Lifeworks Australia as part of their professional development in 2013.
Specifically discusses how to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment and the implications for different levels of risk. Also highlights, ethical and legal responsibilities of the practitioner.
Research Critiques And PICOT Question Discussion Paper.docxwrite22
This document discusses research on reducing suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents with depression. It begins by formulating a PICOT question to guide the research: "Among adolescents diagnosed with depression in community health clinics, does receiving weekly psychotherapy sessions, compared to using only medication daily, reduce the incidence of suicidal ideation and thoughts when evaluated monthly over 6 months?". It then summarizes four research studies on risk factors for teenage suicide and how their findings help address the nursing practice problem. The document concludes by discussing interview and survey methods used in the studies.
Self Esteem, Social Support, Personality Traits as Predictors of Hope: Millen...DR. RHEA SANTILLAN
The document summarizes a study that examined predictors of hope among Filipino millennial college students. It describes measures of social support, self-esteem, personality traits, and hope that were administered to 194 psychology students aged 15-25. The results found that significant others and self-esteem were significant predictors of hope. The study aimed to identify variables that could help nurture hope and inform strength-based mental health programs for college students.
This study investigated the relationships between childhood trauma, psychological symptoms, and barriers to seeking mental health care among college students. It was hypothesized that childhood trauma would be correlated with both psychological symptoms and barriers to care, and that psychological symptoms would mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and barriers. Participants completed questionnaires measuring these constructs. Results found childhood trauma was correlated with both psychological symptoms and barriers to care. Psychological symptoms also mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and barriers, such that the relationship was weaker when accounting for psychological symptoms. This suggests childhood trauma influences barriers indirectly through its effect on increasing psychological symptoms.
Depression among College and University Students of India and Lesotho.pdfAbraham Mutluri
This study was conducted in two countries i.e. India and Lesotho to understand the depression levels among the colleges’
students. As we know depression as a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects the feelings,
thinking and actions of humans. Depression is affecting many students at colleges and universities. It is observed in
the review of literature 30 per cent of the students are experienced depression during their education. The aim of the
present study is to know about the prevalence, major reasons, and major characteristics of depression among student
youth. It is a quantitative study adopted convenience sampling method and collected the data from 220 students. This
study adopted the Beck’s Depression Inventory scale to understand the depression among young students. This
study found that out of 220 students, 42.7% is normal while the remaining 57.3 % is having the other levels of
depression (Mild mood disturbance (16.2%), Borderline clinical depression (8.2%), Moderate depression (23.6%),
severe depression (6.4%) and Extreme depression (2.3%).) The study observed that the coping strength is getting from
religious activities (42.7%), positive re framing (21.4%), support from peers (20.0%). Others like humor (13.6%),
participating in sports (12.7%), and seeking emotional help are also helping the individuals to come out from their
depression and do their regular social functioning. The study suggested that the students should ventilate their
thoughts, fears with trusted people like family members, friends and teachers. The universities and the colleges should
conduct the yoga and meditation camps occasionally which provide the healthy and happy life.
NURS 6640 Psychotherapy with Individuals Week 10- Response .docxvannagoforth
NURS 6640: Psychotherapy with Individuals Week 10-
Response 1
Thank you for your post regarding counseling older adults. The number of older adults in the United States is expected to nearly double from 40.3 to 72.1 million from 2010 to 2030(Wheeler, 2014). Although mental illness is not a normal part of aging, at least 20% of older adults have one or more mental health conditions (Wheeler, 2014). The client in your post appears to be dealing with trauma or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This changing demographic will likely mean an increased need for mental health resources and services, especially as they relate to trauma exposure in this age group (Cook & Simiola, 2017). Many older adults may have experienced trauma but do not recognize the potential detrimental health effects or disclose these experiences to health care providers (Cook & Similoa, 2017). As future psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNP) it is important to offer an environment of trust so that these individuals are able to disclose their true thoughts and experiences. Being aware of what the client has gone through will allow the provider to best create a treatment plan that benefits the client.
References
Cook, J. M., & Simiola, V. (2017). Trauma and PTSD in older adults: Prevalence, course,concomitants and clinical considerations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 14, 1–4.https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.08.003Wheeler, K. (Ed.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-toguide for evidence-based practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
NURS 6640: Psychotherapy with Individuals
Week 10- Response 2
Thank you for your post regarding counseling older adults. As this population is expected to increase over the next decade, it is important to understand the implications of working with this age group. New research has shown that understanding potential in relation to aging will allow the older population to access latent skills and talents later in life (Wheeler, 2014).Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) who work with older adults should be proficient at assessing the status of their client’s cognitive, affective, functional, physical, and behavioral function, as well as their family dynamics (Wheeler, 2014). Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can be used for the older adult. DBT was originally developed as a treatment for individuals meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and those experiencing chronic suicidal ideation (Stein, Hearon, Beard, Hsu, & Bjoergvinsson, 2016). More recently, adapted forms of DBT have been used effectively as both primary and adjunctive treatments fora range of psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and eating disorders (Stein et al., 2016). In practice, this writer has seen that older adults seem to put their mental health on the back burner. They often ...
Research-Based Interventions: Dissociative Identity Disorder 1
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE PLEASE DO NO COPY DO NOT PLAGiarism
Research-Based Interventions: Dissociative Identity Disorder
“Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more identities or personality states, each with its relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and the self” (Vermetten, Schmahl, Lindner, Loewenstein, & Bremner, 2006). There are many characteristics used that accompany Dissociative Disorder (DID). One method to understanding would be to know how the disorders are classified and defined. DID may be conceptualized effectively using the diathesis-stress model. There are many different intervention strategies for this disorder as well. Over time researchers have discovered the most effective treatments and interventions that can be used regarding DID. When one dissociates, the person may not have conscious awareness of what is happening (Vermetten, Schmahl, Lindner, Loewenstein, & Bremner, 2006).
Peer-reviewed Articles
One limitless, longitudinal, naturalistic, and prospective study investigated childhood maltreatment (CM) in adult intimate partner violence (IPV) victims among Dissociative Disorder (DD) patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder with CM rates of 80-95% and severe dissociative symptoms (Webermann, Brand, & Chasson, 2014). The methods of this study include 275 DD outpatient therapy patients who completed a self-reported measure of dissociation (Webermann, Brand, & Chasson, 2014). Analyses assessed associations between CM typologies, trait dissociation, and IPV (Webermann, Brand, & Chasson, 2014). The results of this study include emotional and physical child abuse associated with childhood witnessing of domestic violence, physical, and emotional IPV (Webermann, Brand, & Chasson, 2014) Two-tailed independent samples t -tests and z-tests were used in this study to represent data as well. “As an effect size, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to predict the likelihood of a participant being in an abusive adult relationship if they experienced a particular type of CM” (Webermann, Brand, & Chasson, 2014, p. 5).
A double-blind study was conducted including 15 females with DID compared to 23 without psychopathology., chosen by self-disclosure results of a questionnaire along with a structured clinical interview by psychiatrists The objective was to examine the volumetric differences between amygdala and hippocampal volumes in patients with dissociative identity disorder, a disorder that has been associated with a history of severe childhood trauma (Vermetten, Schmahl, Lindner, Loewenstein, & Bremner, 2006). These researchers used MRI to measure volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus. The results included the volume of the hippocampus being 19.2 % smaller and the amygdala being 31.6% smaller in patients with DID when compared to the other subjects without psychopath ...
1Running Head FINAL PROPOSAL CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEAL.docxdrennanmicah
1
Running Head: FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
2
FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
Diamond Newton
Southern New Hampshire University
March 3, 2019
Problem Statement
Several adults struggle from a variety of mental health issues (suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers.) A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood that stem from a variety of reasons. Some adults seek help and some refuse to seek help. The adults who do seek help come to realize that their current issues stem from when they were a child and still developing as a human. Child abuse can come in many forms, physical, mental, and sexual. Adults who have been exposed or experienced this are likely to suffer from some form of mental health issue. It is important to figure out the root of mental health issues in adults so the root can be addressed. Children need to be in a healthy environment with nothing short of love and care. Exposing children to a harsh reality is only breeding them into an adult who suffers from mental health issues.
Literature Review
The study of psychology helps researchers to understand better what is going on with a person. Researchers studied what happened in a person's life that causes them to make the decisions they do and behave in a certain way. Adults have this stigmatism that they can do whatever they want because they are "grown." Many adults suffer from something that can cause to lead towards suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers. A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood. There could be some reasons adults tend to display certain mental health traits that have been studied in many different forms by researchers. What we will be reviewed is the abuse, physical or mental, that an adult endured as a child and how it affects them in their adulthood.
Blanco, C., Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Lin, K. H., Olfson, M. Sugaya, L. (2012) recognized that child physical abuse had been associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts. The study conducted included Blacks, Hispanics and young adults between the ages of 18-24 in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005. In person, interviews were conducted in Wave 1. In Wave 2 used similar methods as Wave 1 but it excluded the individuals who were not eligible. Wave 2 also interviews went into depth about the questions asked for the participants first 17 years of life. There are many other variables that have been added to the data that relate to childhood physical abuse and mental health distress in adult years. Those other adversatives included the history of child sexual abuse and neglect, parental psychopathology, and perceived parental support, described as emotional neglect.
The advantages to this design would be the inclusion of other childhood adversities that could contribute to adult psychiatri.
Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeingInna Ramadania
This article analyzes the cognitive, affective, and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing (SWB) using multiple SWB measures. The study assessed 303 adults at two time points. Results showed that:
1) Intrapersonal factors were the strongest predictors of global SWB, while contextual variables also significantly predicted SWB.
2) Global and specific SWB measures had different predictors, with global measures predicted more by affective factors and specific measures reflecting actual experiences.
3) Over a two-month period, contextual variables lost predictive power for SWB whereas trait affective and cognitive factors gained predictive power.
Running head RESEARCH PROPOSAL10RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 10
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8
Research Proposal
Jamie Bass
Argosy University
March 3, 2016
ABSTRACT
Suicide is experienced in all parts of parts of the world. Even though it has been argued that suicide is common amongst the elderly in the society, it is worth noting that even children as young as 13 years old have committed suicide. The myths and misconceptions surrounding suicidal individuals are inherently different from one culture to another. For instance, in some cultures it is believed that suicidal individuals are possessed by demons. Other cultures attribute suicide to generational curses whereas other cultures attribute suicide to such factors as depression and other mental disorders. The purpose of the proposed research is to establish the risk factors of suicide and realize possible strategies which if undertaken can help to counteract suicide and hence its adverse effects in the society. In this proposal are the points to be addressed in the course of the research. It is anticipated that there will be objections to the factors to be established and hence part of this proposal are possible objections and how each of the possible objections will be addressed. The research will use secondary sources of information and hence part of this proposal is an annotated bibliography of the sources that will be utilized in course of the research. Comment by Spencer Ellsworth: This is good, but could you state it more as a piece of argumentation? Like “This paper argues that early intervention can prevent suicide if done correctly.”
WORKING THESIS
Suicide has negatively affected the society, and unless there are mitigation strategies to curb this menace, it will continue to take the lives of many people in the society.
EXPLANATION
Suicide is the act of human beings voluntarily taking their lives. Research has shown that it has always been caused by a sense of despair or hopelessness. All these issues may be induced by mental illness which may include Bipolar disorder or even depression. Suicide has been traumatizing and shameful to the bereaved families and many people in the society have always viewed it as a cowardice way of taking one’s life. Many suicidal persons have been haunted by their thoughts in many cases this is depicted as a very personal process (Goldsmith, Pellmar, Kleinman & Bunney, 2002).
In this paper, it is very much possible to look at what suicide is and the risk factors associated with suicide. A study conducted in Sweden consisting of 271 men aged 15 years and above revealed that mental disorder is a major suicide risk factor. It is thus recommended that the research paper will dwell on mental disorder and substance abuse as risk factors that contribute to suicide as well as medical conditions and psychosocial states. Harris & Barraclough (2009) also established a causal relationship between mental disorder and suicide a factor that further makes the proposed research ...
This document discusses non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents and various prevention programs. It defines NSSI and outlines risk and protective factors. Two prevention programs are described: the Signs of Self-Injury program, which increased knowledge and attitudes about helping peers; and the ORYGEN Research Centre's program, which improved confidence and skills for recognizing NSSI. Future prevention programs need a comprehensive, destigmatizing approach educating students, schools, and communities through collaboration.
Here are a few issues with the methodology described:
- The sample size of 24 mother-infant dyads is very small, making it difficult to generalize findings to the broader population. Larger samples are needed to increase statistical power and generalizability.
- The demographic characteristics provided - race, marital status, income, education - do not reflect the diversity of the population. A more diverse sample would improve external validity.
- No information is given about how participants were recruited or selected. Details on the sampling method and inclusion/exclusion criteria are needed to evaluate potential selection biases.
- No measures or variables are described. It's unclear what data was collected from participants or how constructs were operationalized and assessed.
Sample 3 bipolar on female adult populationNicole Valerio
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CheckPointGoal SelectionUsing the information presented in Ch. 7.docxbissacr
This document summarizes a chapter about personal goals and well-being. It discusses how goals provide purpose and direction for behavior. Well-defined, attainable goals are linked to well-being, while unrealistic or conflicting goals can cause distress. The chapter examines what goals are, how they are measured and organized, and how they relate to needs, values and culture. It explores how intrinsic and extrinsic goals may differently impact well-being. The "matching hypothesis" proposes that goals most contribute to well-being when a person's resources and strengths align with and support their goals. In short, this chapter analyzes how and why personal goals influence happiness and life satisfaction.
The document discusses assessing suicide and suicidal behavior. It covers precipitants or stressors that may contribute to suicidal thoughts, assessing a predisposition to suicide including genetic factors, and assessing feelings of hopelessness using scales like the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The conclusion emphasizes that the best tool for assessment is a clinical interview to understand each client's full circumstances.
This document is a thesis submitted by Robin Jay Kaye to Leeds Beckett University in 2015 investigating the perceived role of the internet in the psychological well-being of male undergraduate students. The thesis includes an abstract, introduction, methods section describing the study design and participants, findings from focus groups, discussion, and conclusions. The introduction discusses literature showing men are less likely than women to seek help for mental health issues like depression and anxiety due to perceptions of masculinity. The study aimed to understand how young men view the internet as a source of support for psychological distress, and what could encourage help-seeking. The methods involved focus groups with 5 male undergraduate students, which were analyzed for themes. Key findings centered around perceptions of masculinity
You need to write a separate response for each peer’s posting each.docxshantayjewison
You need to write a separate response for each peer’s posting each response needs to be supported with at least two references.
1
st
peer posting.
Special Olympics is a unique entity in itself and it has some of the best things that can be offered to those who have developmental disabilities. It is so unique because it is something that can be person centered to assist the individuals. The idea of person-centered allows for the individual to be the focus and not force them to do things that they are not interested in and do not understand. According to Bowers (2005), "With people with ID actively seeking opportunities to have more control over their lives and to have their social roles valued, this study offers an important contribution by listening to the perspectives of people with ID who attend and do not attend Special Olympics, alongside the views of their families and the staff who work with them. " Person-centered planning is something that is necessary in order for the individual to do this successfully. According to Demanchick (2003), "Although cognitively and developmentally deficient, these two individuals experienced growth during a series of sessions in which the core conditions of empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard were present. These two adults with developmental disabilities flourished when given the opportunity to experience Person-Centered Play Therapy. Mark and Melissa were able to experience greater autonomy, environmental and self-control, confidence and self-expression."
Special Olympics provides individuals with developmental disabilities an outlet to do the things that people who are considered normal do. According to Bowers (2005), "Families also felt Special Olympics provided opportunities to strengthen relationships within the whole family and allowed them to socialise within new circles in the community." It is important to be able to have programs that that are designed and suitable for the community. When this does not happen, it becomes a barrier for the individual that the program is designed to help. According to Bowers (2005), "Whilst being involved in Special Olympics may have benefits for families and athletes, there can be practical implications that may result in barriers to participation." Evidence based practices is a unique way in which one can get things done to o what needs to be done; however, there comes a time where there are some issues with that as well. According to Royse (2016), "according to the model of EBP, the practitioner must respect the client's values, and not simply apply research-supported treatments without taking into account client's views."
References:
Bowers, K., Corby, D., Lambert, V., Staines, A., McVeigh, T., McKeon, M., . . . Sweeney, M. R. (2016). People with intellectual disability and their families’ perspectives of special olympics ireland: Qualitative findings from the SOPHIE study.
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 20
(4), 354-370. do.
Objective: Spirituality has been shown to be associated with various aspects of health. It has also been discussed as an aid in coping with adversities.
Methods: The present investigation examined four dimensions of spirituality – belief in God, mindfulness, quest for meaning and feeling of security – as possible mediators between childhood adversities and adult adaptation. Two samples of n ≈ 500 were examined via internet in a retrospective survey.
Results: Two pathways from childhood to adult adaptation via spirituality were detected, one via mindfulness and one via feeling of security. Both pathways began at maternal love, the opposite of emotional neglect. Childhood abuse or physical neglect was not associated with the development of spirituality. Associations were not only linear in nature, but also displayed interactions.
Similar to Treatment Of Suicide Ideation By Focusing On Meaningful Purposeful Goals (20)
Treatment Of Suicide Ideation By Focusing On Meaningful Purposeful Goals
1. Treatment of Recent Suicide Ideation Among Adolescents by a Program of
Meaningful Purposeful Goals
ABSTRACT
This study examines the effects of a meaningful, purposeful goal intervention
program on adolescents who have recently been identified with suicide ideation.
Using participants from S.A.F.E. Intensive’s residential treatment center in
Webster Groves, Missouri, we hope to find that adolescents participating in Making
Goals for the Future will have fewer suicide attempts than those not in the
intervention program. Throughout treatment we hope to see a significant decrease
in current suicide ideationon participant’s scores on the Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI-II), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation
(BSI) and an increase in meaning in life and purpose in life utilizing Purpose in
Life test (PIL) and Life Purpose Questionnaire (LPQ).
Siehs 1
2. INTRODUCTION
According to the National Institute of Mental Health in 2010, suicide is one of the major
leading causes of deaths in youths between the ages of 10 and 24. Girls are more likely to
attempt suicide, while boys are more likely to commit suicide through the most violent means
(i.e., firearms). Suicide is extremely devastating to not only members of the family, but to one’s
peers and the community at large, making it an important public health problem in the United
States.
Adolescents who attempt suicide often report feeling trapped, lonely, worthless and
hopeless about their lives and their future (Beck, Steer, Kovacs, & Garrison, 1985; Beck, Brown,
& Steer, 1989;Beck et al., 1990;Kidd, 2004). Suicidal adolescents often lose a sense of purpose
or meaning in life (Beck, Steer & Kumar, 1993) which makes suicide as a possible way out.
Adolescents to attempt suicide once are at risk for attempting it again (Lewinsohn, Rohde, &
Seeley, 1994).
Statement of Problem
The purpose of this study is to identifyadolescents who have expressed recent suicide
ideation and help them resolve this issue by participating in a meaningful, purposeful goal
oriented program. Since having a reason for living and leading a meaningful life are
incompatible with suicide, it is possible that realizing important personal goals might enhance
hope and meaning in life, two protective factors against suicide.
Review of the Literature
Multiple studies in the 20th century (Beck, Steer, Kovacs, & Garrison, 1985; Beck,
Brown, & Steer, 1989; Abramson et al., 1989; O’Connor & Cassidy, 2007; O’Connor & Sheely,
Siehs 2
3. 2000; O’Connor, Connery & Cheyne, 2000) focus on identifying risk factors. These studies have
led to the development of various suicide prevention strategies such as help lines, early
identification and treatment of depression, crisis intervention, restriction of access to suicide
methods (such as gun control), access to and improvement of mental health services and
treatment, and educational programsfor health professionals (Lapierre, Dubé, Bouffard & Alain,
2007; DeLeo &Scocco 2000; Jenkins & Singh, 2000). However, the effectiveness of these
suicide prevention services is extremely limited (DeLeo, 2002; Lester, 2002; Hepp, Wittman,
Schnyder & Michel, 2004).
Risk Factors
There is an abundance of research indicating that an individual’ssuicidal ideation
isassociated with hopelessness (Brown, Beck, Steer, & Grismam, 2000; Abramson et al., 1989),
a negative perception of one’s future (O’Connor & Cassidy, 2007; O’Connor & Sheely, 2000;
O’Connor, Connery & Cheyne, 2000), and a lack of meaning in one’s life (Frankl, 1959 & 1985;
Melton & Schulenberg, 2007). MacLeod’s 1997 study found a lack of positive future thinking is
associated with suicide risk. In other words, suicidal individuals are impaired at generating
positive future expectancies. Williams (2001& 2005) Cry of Pain Model builds upon
Baumeister’s 1990 study where it states that suicide is a response to entrapment rather than an
escape. William’s Cry of Pain model took this further by stating ―suicidal behavior is reactive, a
response to a stressful situation that has three components: defeat, no escape, no rescue‖
(O’Connor, MacHale & Masterton, 2008).
Frankl (1959 & 1985) theorizes that the most basic human motivator is a will to meaning.
When will to meaning is interrupted, or blocked, existential frustration develops and
consequently boredom and apathy emerge. Frankl believes that life has meaning under all
Siehs 3
4. circumstances, even when involved in intense and unavoidable suffering. With the opportunity,
individuals can decide on an individual basis what is meaningful and, therefore, this enables the
individual to sustain suffering with dignity, rather than focusing on emptiness and hopelessness.
Meaningful, Purposeful Goals
Setting new goals and looking to the future can benefit an individual’s psychological
well-being and happiness (Lapierre, Dubé, Bouffard & Alain, 2007; Sheldon & Houser-Marko,
2004; Brunstein, 1993). According to Snyder & Rand (2004) people who have hope believe that
they can improve their situation, take responsibility for their own well-being and actively commit
themselves to solving their problems. Additionally, past longitudinal studies have shown that
personal commitment in the pursuit of goals predicts psychological well-being (Sheldon &
Houser-Marko, 2004 and Brunstein, 1993).
In recent studies (Lapierre, Dubé, Bouffard & Alain, 2007 and Dubé et al., in press) found
that a goal-intervention program could have a positive impact on participants’ psychological
well-being, enhance their quality of life, find meaning in their lives and actualize their potential,
and, therefore, decrease their suicidality (Lapierre, Dubé, Bouffard & Alain, 2007; Edwards &
Holden, 2001; Malone et al, 2000; Jobes & Mann, 1999). More specifically Lapierre, Dubé,
Bouffard & Alain’s 2007 study used Dubé et al. (in press) goal preventionprogram on 154
participants who were transitioning into retirement. Out of those 154 participants 27 had suicidal
ideation. Despite their small sample size, they found that the goal-intervention program
increasedthe participant’s psychological well-being and decreased depression in the participants
with suicidal ideation.
Siehs 4
5. Statement of the Hypothesis
Although the previous studies (Lapierre, Dubé, Bouffard & Alain, 2007 and Dubé et al.,
in press) focused on retirees and was not offered to an entirely suicidal population, this research
team speculates that this goal intervention program will be valuable to adolescent suicide
prevention. Having a reason to live and leading a meaningful life have been found to be
protective factors when it comes to suicide ideation. An individual realizing an important
personal goal might enhance hope and meaning in life, as well as protect the individual from
future attempts on one’s own life. The present study will focus on youth who have expressed
recent suicide ideation. It is hypothesized that adolescents who have been identified with recent
suicide ideation and who participate in a purposeful, positive goal oriented therapy will exhibit
significantly fewer suicide attempts than adolescent who are just being treated at a residential
facility.
METHOD
Participants
Participants will be recruited for this study from S.A.F.E. Intensives residential treatment
program. S.A.F.E. Intensives is located in Webster Groves, Missouri. S.A.F.E Intensives
specifically focuses on the treatment of adolescents who engage in self-injurious behavior. The
participants will be between the ages of 12 to 21 years old and will be one of the 36 newly
admitted clientele.
The study chose this site especially because of its no medication policy, which focuses on
tolerating distress, learning new coping skills as well as teaching the adolescents appropriate
ways to manage their feelings and providing them with a sense of mastery over their emotions.
Siehs 5
6. Also, the site’s program lasts 10 to 12 weeks which is a perfect match for our goal-intervention
program.
Assessment Instruments
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)
The BDI-II is a 21 item self-report questionnaire that assesses severity of depression. This
instrument is one of the most widelyused assessment measures in both research and clinical
settings.
Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)
The BHS examines an individual's thoughts and beliefs about the future. This self-report
questionnaire consists of 20 true-false items that measure 3 major aspects of hopelessness:
feelings about the future, loss of motivation, and expectations. The hopelessness construct is a
factor in many mental disorders and is highly correlated with measures of depression, suicidal
intent, and ideation.
Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI)
The BSI is a 21-item self-report questionnaire that may be used to identify the presence and
severity of suicidal ideation. Items on this measure also assess the respondent's suicidal plans,
deterrents to suicide, and the level of openness to revealing suicidal thoughts.
Purpose in Life test (PIL)
Crumbaugh & Maholick in 1964 designed the PIL test operationalize Frankl's ideas. The PIL is
a 20-item self-report that may be used to quantify the respondent’s experience of meaning and
purpose in life. Each item is rated on a 7-point scale and total scores therefore range from 20
(low purpose) to 140 (high purpose) Examples of the 20 items include: "I am usually: completely
bored (1) — exuberant, enthusiastic (7)"; "As I view the world in relation to my life, the world:
completely confuses me (1) — fits meaningfully with my life (7)," and "With regard to suicide, I
have: thought of it seriously as a way out (1) — never given it a second thought (7)."
Life Purpose Questionnaire (LPQ)
The LPQ is a 20-item self-report with an agree/disagree responseinstrument designed to
measure an individual's sense of life meaning. Although, Hablas & Hutzell made this self-report
to aid comprehension to their participants in their 1982, we will use this in addition to the PIL to
make sure there is internal validity and internal consistency in our study.
Description of the Program
Participants are given the opportunity to join a program called Making Goals for the
Future, which invites the participants to identify a meaningful, personal goal and pursue it
Siehs 6
7. effectively. The participants are encouraged to learn how to manage their life goals in order to
achieve enhanced and lasting well-being (Lapierre, Dubé, Bouffard & Alain, 2007).
Based on a cognitive-behavioral approach and goal-intervention literature, the desired
therapeutic changes are to increase the participant’s ability to identify and modify irrational
beliefs that are detrimental to the goal-identification process, promote cognitive factors that
improve regulation of goal-directed action, as well as increase the participant’s ability to view
alternative means to achieve a goal. In addition, another objective of the intervention is to create
warm, interpersonal relationships and mutual support among the participants. During
adolescence peer support plays an important role in the teenager’s need for acceptance and
psychological well-being (Sullivan, 1953; Steinberg, 2008).Billie-Brahe & Jensen (2004) found
that social support is a protective factor against suicide.
Making Goals for the Future program will include 10 to 12 meetings of 2 hours each week of 3
small groups of 6 participants each. Each group will be conducted by graduate counseling
students who have been trained in the goal-intervention program.
Appendix 1 presents the content and purpose of each step of the program: goal setting, goal
planning, goal pursuit and outcome evaluation, with an introductory meeting and a follow-up
meeting as well. During the program, each participant will be expected to identify, plan, pursue
and realize one personal, concrete, meaningful, purposeful goal.
Procedure
The participants will be divided up randomly into 6 groups. Three groups with 6
participants in each group will take part in the goal-intervention program; the other 3 groups with
Siehs 7
8. 6 participants in each groupwill participate in S.A.F.E. Intensive program which involves group,
individual, milieu and family therapy, impulse control management, case management, education
and support, as well as after-care planning.
The study will include three measurement points: pretest, midtest and the post-test at the end of
the intervention program, which will include a follow-up, 6 months later. During the preliminary
meeting (shown in Appendix 1) informed consent will be obtained and the participants will be
provided a brief description of the study. Also, the first assessment will be administered to the
participants in order to obtain an initial, baseline score. The control group will also complete the
questionnaires at this time. The same action will take place during meetings 5 and then during
meeting 11. The study will take 3 to 4 months to complete.Follow up meetings according to
participant’s wishes can occur. Once follow up meeting are adjourned, the data will be collected
and analyzed.
Siehs 8
9. REFERENCES
Abramson, L.Y., Metalysky, G.I., & Alloy, L.B. (1989). Hopelessness and depression: a theory-
based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372.
Baumeister, R.F. (1990). Suicide as an escape from self. Psychological Review, 97, 90-113.
Beck, A.T., Brown, G., & Steer, R.A. (1989). Prediction of eventual suicide in psychiatric
inpatient by clinical ratings of hopelessness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 57, 309-310.
Beck, A.T., Brown, G.K., Berchick, R.J., Stewart, B.I., & Steer, R.A. (1990). Relationship
between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: A replication with psychiatric patients.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 190-195.
Beck, A., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979). Assessment of suicidal ideation: The Scale for
Suicidal Ideators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861-975.
Beck., A., Steer,. R., & Brown, G. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: The
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