2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Transportul
1. MIJLOACE DE TRANSPORT
Multa vreme omul a folosit pentru deplasare si pentru transportul greutatilor animalele pe care le
domesticise.Taind copacii pentru constructi,au observat ca trunchiurile puteau fi transportate mai
usor prin rostogolire.Probabil asa le-au venit ideea construirii rotii,nascocire care a deschis
drumul deplasarii terestre,caci de la roata la primele automobile n-a fost decat un pas.
Cele mai vechi informatii despre roata le avem din documente descoperite in Egipt si in
China.Primele roti imaginate si construite de om erau niste discuri de lemn, fixate pe o osie.Ele
erau plasate la carutele trase de boi,cai sau chiar de oameni.Tablitele de lut descoperite in Irak ne
vorbesc despre existenta carelor inca din anul 3500 I.HR.La inceput acestea erau scobite in
trunchiuri de copac; mai tirziu aratau ca niste roabe cu doua roti,cosurile fiind asezate direct pe
osii.O data cu dezvoltarea drumurilor, pentru a mari confortul calatorilor se construiesc trasuri,
diligente ,calesti (trasuri elegante cu capota).
Primul vehicul cu motor a fost construit in anul 1769, in Franta.Se deplasa prin forta aburului si a
fost denumit "Diavolul pufaitor". Dupa 1800 "Zeul automobil" se impune repede in lumea
intreaga.
.Constructorii au in vedere obtinerea unei viteze cat mai ridicate, marirea confortului, reducerea
poluarii, siguranta circulatiei.
Romania s-a numarat printre primele 10 tari din lume posesoare de automobile. In anul 1898, in
Bucuresti circula un Oldsmobile si mai multe automobile cu abur. In 1904 erau inscrise in
circulatie mai mult de 60 de asemenea "carute fara cai".
Geniul romanesc si-a pus amprenta si pe istoria automobilului. In 1923 in student pe nume Aurel
Persu construieste primul automobil cu forma aerodinamica din lume.Pe locul unde este astazi
Uzina Aro functiona ,inca din 1954 ,o fabrica ce realiza partile componente pentru un automobil.
In august 1968 a fost construit, la PItesti ,primul automobil romanesc: Dacia. Au trecut de atunci
37 ani timp in care s-au creat peste 2 milioane de automobile,cu diverse forme si imbunatatiri.
Spre a se putea transporta mai multi pasageri, era nevoie de vehicule mai mari.Asa au fost
construite primele autobuze. Ele au circulat in Londra si aveau o capacitate necesara pentru... 10
calatori. Astazi, in Londra circula autobuze supraetajate, iar Romania are o fabrica de autobuze
in Bucuresti.
Cautandu-se solutii pentru realizarea unor mijloace de transport economice, a fost inventat
troleibuzul, vehicul pe roti care circula cu ajutorul curentului electric de la cabluri suspendate. In
1955 troleibuzele au inceput sa circule in Timisoara si in Bucuresti.
Si pe strazile orasului tau circula tramvaie?Te-ai gandit vreodata cand au aparut aceste vehicule?
Ei bine, primul tramvai a fost construit in 1775, era tras de doi cai, dar nu era folosit in oras. S-a
mutat aici dupa ce unui francez i-a venit ideea de a incastra sinele de tramvai in pavaj. Primul
oras din tara noastra in care s-a putut circula cu un asemenea mijloc de transport in comun a fost
Timisoara , in 1869. Trei ani mai tarziu, tramvaiul cu cai devine si atractia Bucurestiului. Nu
pentru multa vreme, deoarece in 1894 apar primele tramvaie electrice.
In cadrul mijloacelor de transport terestru un loc aparte il ocupa bicicleta. Imaginea unei biciclete
apare pentru prima data pe peretele unui templu din Egipt, construit acum 3000 ani. Schite ale
unei astfel de vehicule apar si in desenele lui Leonardo da Vinci. Anul nasterii ei este 1813, cand
un baron francez a construit-o pentru a se plimba in parcul sau imens. Era formata din doua roti
si un cadru de lemn. Ciclistul statea calare si, pentru a se deplasa , misca picioarele pe pamant.
Peste 10 ani, cand se realiza roata din fata mobila, se pastreaza acelasi mod de inaintare.
Chiar si dupa inventarea pedalelor si a sistemului de franare pe roata din spate, calatoria pe
bicicleta, numita si "scuturator de oase", nu era prea placuta.
2. Caile ferate au existat cu mult inaintea locomotivelor cu abur, Pe ele se transportau, cu ajutorul
cailor, pietre si carbuni. O data cu aparitia locomotivelor si a trenurilor s-a observat ca
transportul pe calea ferata era ieftin si rapid. Ca urmare,liniile ferate s-au extins foarte mult. Cam
in acelasi timp cu tramvaiul electric este data in folosinta si prima linie de cale ferata din
Romania:Bucuresti-Giurgiu. Imbarcarea in tren se facea de pe peronul primei gari din tara, Gara
Filaret. astazi, distante uriase sunt strabatute in tot mai putin timp cu trenuri moderne,rapide si
sigure. Este vorba de Intercity. O data cu dezvoltarea rapida a mijloacelor de transport,strazile
marilor orase au devenit tot mai aglomerate si mai greu de strabatut. Era nevoie de un altfel de
mijloc de deplasare iar solutia a fost... metroul!
Prima linie de metrou din lume a fost data in folosinta la Londra, in1879. Proiectul metroului
bucurestean a fost conceput de Dimitrie Leonida,in 1930. Au trecut aproape 50 de ani pana cand
acest proiect sa devina realitate. In 1979 se da in folosinta prima linie de metrou , avand 6 statii
amplasate la o distanta de 6 km, intre Semanatoarea si Timpuri Noi. Metroul bucurestean are
acum 50 de trenuri care transporta, zilnic, peste 300.000 de calatori.
1.1. Turismul si sectorul tertiar
Conform teoriei lui Jean Fourastie (in 1954), considerat de astfel
si Intemeietorul clasificarii sectoriale a ramurilor economice, economia se
imparte in trei sectoare avand comportamenet economic diferit: sectorul
primar - ce cuprinde agricultura, vanatoarea si pescuitul si industria
extractiva; sectorul secundar - alcatuit din activitatile industriei prelucratoare
si sectorul tertiar - ingloband toate celelalte activitati desfasurate in
economie, sector corespunzand sferei serviciilor.
Turismul reprezinta o componenta de baza a sectorului tertiar.
Turismul se manifesta ca o ramura distincta de serviciu cu
o prezenta tot mai activa in viata economica si sociala cu o participare
semnificativa la procesul general si nu in ultimul rand, ca promotor al
globalizarii si factor al dezvoltarilor durabile.
1.1.1. Transportul - componenta de baza a prestatiei turistice
Transportul reprezinta una din componentele de baza ale
prestatiei turistice. Serviciul de transport are un continut complex, vizand, pe
langa voiajul propriu -zis, ansamblul operatiunilor, conditiilor si facilitatilor
legate de organizarea deplasarii fizice a turistilor, a bagajelor si a marfurilor
destinate consumului acestora.
Transporturile turistice, desi evidentiate ca activitate distincta,
sunt reflectate, in cea mai mare parte, in indicatorii globali ai ramurii
"transporturi", deoarece cele doua componente se intrepatrund. Ca exemplu,
organizatorii de turism folosesc in proportie insemnata serviciile regulate ale
3. societatilor de transport, iar turistii pe cont propriu apeleaza frecvent la
mijloacele de transport in comun. Astfel, caracterizarea transporturilor
turistice nu poate face abstractie de evolutiile inregistrate in sfera
transporturilor in general, atat sub aspectul dinamicii, cat si al inzestrarii
tehnice. Dezvoltarea si perfectionarea transporturilor turistice sunt
conditionate, de progresele din domeniul transporturilor in ansamblul lor si
influenteaza, la randul lor, dinamica acestora.
Transporturile turistice, abordate ca parte componenta a prestatiei
turistice, prezinta caracteristicile generale ale acesteia, intre care rezonalita
353j92d tea accentuata in exploatare, rigiditatea datorata capacitatii limitate,
participarea unui numar mare de prestatori din domenii diferite la realizarea
lor .
Serviciile de transport au si o serie de trasaturi distinctive in
raport cu celelalte servicii si anume: manifesta o receptivitate ridicata fata de
progresul tehnic, sunt intensive in capital, necesitand investitii foarte mari,
ofera oportunitati pentru economia de scala, au o vulnerabilitate extrema la
crizele internationale, economice si politice. Toate acestea isi pun amprenta
asupra organizarii activitatii in domeniu, ca si asupra rolului jucat in evolutia
turismului.
1.1.2. Transporturile si dezvoltarea turismului
Turismul inglobeaza ideea de miscare, de deplasare in
spatiu. Transporturile au astfel un rol bine determinat in relatie cu
turismul: in primul rand, prin intermediul lor se asigura patrunderea
turistilor in zonele de mare atractivitate si odata cu aceasta, inlantuirea
ofertei cu cerea, transformarea lor din "potentiale" in "efective" pe de
alta parte, crearea conditiilor de acces permite valorificarea
potentialului turistic al zonei sau tarii respective.
De aici rezulta ca, de nivelul de dezvoltare a transporturilor
si mai ales, de organizarea lor, depinde activitatea prestatiei
turistice. Majoritatea specialistilor aprecieaza ca "programul adecvat,
siguranta, confortul, rapiditatea transporturilor reprezinta preconditia
turismului de masa".
Timpul total de vacanta al unui turist poate fi descompus in
doua componente: timp de transport (calatorie) si timp de sejur. Astfel
4. turistul este interesat in efectuarea unor deplasari rapide, deci cu o
cheltuiala de timp minima.
Odata cu intensificarea circulatiei turistice, problema
realizarii unor transporturi rapide capata o importanta deosebita, in
primul rand ideea satisfacerii calitativ superioare a nevoi de calatorie
pentru un numar in continua crestere de turisti si, in al doilea rand, in
vederea exploatarii eficiente a mijloacelor de transport. Reducerea
timpului de deplasare apare ca necesitate si datorita unei alte tendinte
manifestate in evolutia circulatiei turistice si anume cresterea
interesului pentru calatoriile pe distante lungi si foarte
lungi.Optimizarea relatiei distanta-timp devine, elementul esential de
dimensionarea a activitatii, in sfera transporturilor, criteriul principal de
apreciere a eficientei si rolului in dezvoltarea turismului.
Trebuie sa se tina seama de necesitatea asocierii
atributelor rapid si confortabil in derularea calatoriei.
Confortul este unul din aspectele importante in stimularea deplasarilor
de interes turistic; tot mai des, turistii doresc sa dispuna, pe timpul
voiajului, de toate comoditatile civilizatiei moderne.
Calitatea necorespunzatoare a serviciului de transport si lipsa confortului actioneaza ca
frane in dezvoltarea turismului.
Confortul se refera atat la conditiile oferite in interiorul mijlocului de transport
(posibilitatea de odihna, de relaxare, de servire a mesei), cat si alte aspecte legate de
organizarea calatoriei, cum ar fi : asigurarea transportului de la statia de destinatie la hotel si
invers, desfasurarea fara intreruperi, chiar si in situatia folosirii combinate a mai multor tipuri de
mijloace de transport.
O alta problema a relatiei turist-transport este reliefata de influenta costurilor.
Parte constitutiva a pretului global al vacantei, cu ponderi variind intre ¼ si ½ din total, in functie
de forma de turism, modalitatea de transport, mijlocul folosit, sezon, distanta, costul serviciilor
de transport influenteaza nemijlocit si in proportie insemnata nivelul general al preturilor
produselor turistice si indirect cererea de vacante.
Cu un continut complex si dependente de o multitudine de factori (piata mondiala
a combustibililor, dezvoltarea infrastructurii, etc.) costurile serviciilor de transport au inregistrat
de-a lungul timpului o scadere, ceea ce s-a reflectat intr-o sporire a circulatiei turistice. Avand in
vedere natura relatiei dintre cele 2 fenomene, reducerea costului transportului si pe aceasta
baza a celor generale ale produselor turistice - reprezinta preocupari constante. In acest sens
se impune respectarea catorva cerinte: realizarea unei corespondente riguroase intre nivelul
preturilor si calitatea serviciilor (astfel, reducerea costurilor trebuie sa fie rezultatul progresului
tehnic, perfectionarii organizarii, utilizarii rationale a mijloacelor si nu al scaderii cantitative sau
calitative a serviciilor); asigurarea unei palete largi de preturi, cu niveluri adecvate tuturor
categoriilor de clienti potentiali si practicarea unui sistem de facilitati in functie de perioada,
distanta, grup de turisti.
In consecinta se creaza premisele unei mai largi
accesibilitati si, pe aceasta bazaeste stimulata circulatia turistica.
5. Intre transporturi si turism exista asa cum se poate deduce
din cele prezentate, o dubla legatura cauza-efect. Transporturile
reprezinta un domeniu sensibil la realizarile stiintifice si tehnice, in
concluzie se impune ca obiectiv strategic, dezvoltarea si
modernizarea continua a acestora, intre tacticile de materializare a
acestui obiectiv pot fi mentionate: dotarea cu noi capacitati de
transport, cresterea gradului de confort, imbunatatirea performantelor
de viteza si siguranta, crearea unei retele de cai de comunicatie
adecvata etc.
1.2. Rolul si importanta transporturilor turistice.
Prin intermediul transporturilor se realizeaza deplasarea in
spatiu a bunurilor materiale si a persoanelor in vederea satisfacerii
nevoilor materiale si spirituale ale membrilor societatii.
Rolul si importanta transporturilor in economia nationala
Transporturile constituie o ramura importanta a economiei
nationale, menita sa asigure desfasurarea nestingherita a proceselor
de productie si legatura organica intre resursele de materii prime,
unitatile de prelucrare si de fabricatie si unitatile de distributie a
bunurilor materiale pe teritoriul tarii, in volumul, la timpul si in directiile
necesare, dictate de interesele si ritmurile de dezvoltare ale economiei
nationale.
Dezvoltarea transporturilor este rezultatul procesului de
dezvoltare a intregii noastre societati. Transporturile se desprind ca o
ramura de sine statatoare a productiei materiale. Transporturile, ca
sector al economiei nationale, reprezinta o prelungire a proceselor de
productie pana la locurile de consum productiv sau neproductiv
(individual) iar orice intarziere sau dereglare a transporturilor are
repercusiuni asupra intregului angrenaj al economiei unei tari. In
consecinta, circulatia bunurilor materiale si a oamenilor reprezinta o
conditie esentiala a desfasurarii normale a vietii, iar posibilitatile de
transport conditioneaza cooperarea economica intre ramurile
productiei materiale, schimburile de valori si dezvoltarea armonioasa a
tuturor regiunilor tarii.
6. Activitatea de transporturi se caracterizeaza printr-o serie
de particularitati economico-organizatorice specifice atat
transporturilor, in general, cat si unor forme de transport, in particular.
Astfel, dezvoltarea transporturilor este conditionata de
existenta, in primul rand, a unui parc rulant, specific fiecarei forme de
transport: terestru, feroviar, aerian sau naval, care constituie elemente
de baza materiala ale transporturilor, iar in al doilea rand de caile
corespunzatoare de circulatie pentru aceste mijloace de transport
(sosele, autostrazi, linii de cale ferata, gari, autogari, porturi fluviale si
maritime, aeroporturi etc.), care constituie elemente de infrastructura
tehnica generala ale transporturilor.
Mijloacele de transport au un rol bine definit in activitatea
de transporturi; utilizarea fiecarui mijloc de transport se caracterizeaza
printr-o serie de avantaje si dezavantaje economico-organizatorice
privind capacitatea, continuitatea, rapididatea, comoditatea etc. a
transporturilor care limiteaza conditiile de folosire in economia
nationala a mijloacelor respective de transport.
Pentru a satisface cerintele de transport ale economiei
nationale cu o eficienta economica sporita, existenta si utilizarea in
paralel a diferitelor mijloace de transport ridica problema coordonarii si
cooperarii nationale intre aceste mijloace de transport, care se
completeaza reciproc, in procesul de asigurare a continuitatii
deplasarii bunurilor materiale si persoanelor.
Transporturile se caracterizeaza prin oscilatii sezoniere
pronuntate ale cererii de servicii, in functie de frecventa solicitarilor in
varfurile de sezon si in perioadele de extrasezon. Serviciile de
transport nu pot fi stocate; mijloacele de transport se deplaseaza o
data cu incarcaturile respective si indiferent de numarul de calatori
transportati intr-o cursa, respectiv gradul de utilizare a capacitatii unui
mijloc de transport; dupa terminarea cursei, serviciul de transport a
fost practic consumat. Ca atare inceteaza si functia de productie a
transporturilor, iar pierderile rezultate din nefolosirea capacitatilor unui
mijloc de transport intr-o perioada data nu mai pot fi recuperate,
deoarece in ciclurile viitoare de productie mijlocul respectiv de
transport participa in procesul de productie intotdeauna cu intreaga sa
capacitate.
7. Spre deosebire de elasticitatea caracteristica a cererii de
transporturi, oferta de servicii in transporturi este o oferta rigida:
volumul maxim al ofertei se limiteaza practic la nivelul de dotare cu
capacitati de transport intr-un moment dat, al firmelor transportatoare.
1.2.2. Transporturile - element constitutiv si factor
determinant al dezvoltarii turismului
Circulatia turistica presupune deplasarea persoanelor spre
locurile alese ca destinatie a calatoriilor. In consecinta fluxurile
turistice implica derularea unui trafic turistic considerabil localitatile
(tarile) de resedinta si localitatile (statiunile, zonele, regiunile turistice)
primitoare de turisti.
Pentru derularea traficului turistic se apeleaza la
o gama variata de mijloace de transport. Deseori, deplasarea turistilor
necesita folosirea combinata a mai multor mijloace de transport, in
functie de distanta pana la locul de distinctie, de caracteristicile
itinerarelor alese, de starea cailor de comunicatie de intensitatea si
sezonalitatea circulatiei turistice.
Timpul liber total (T) de care dispune un turist potential
pentru efectuarea unei calatorii de vacanta este compus din doua
elemente principale: timpul cheltuit pentru deplasare, respectiv pentru
realizarea transportului pentru a ajunge la destinatia acceptata (t) si
durata sejurului (S), ceea ce permite stabilirea urmatoarei relatii.
T=t+S
In functie de formele de turism practicate, de distantele
parcurse pana la locul de destinatie si respectiv de viteza de
deplasare, componenta "t" poate afecta sensibil bugetul total de timp
liber al turistului, rezultand o serie de relatii derivate, ca de exemplu:
T = t + S (minim),
in cazul formelor de turism caracterizate prin sejururi scurte (de
exmplu, tururi de circuit, raliuri automobilistice, drumetie).
T = t (minim) + S,
8. in cazul diferitelor forme de turism sedentar (de exmplu, vacante la
munte sau pe litoral, tratamente balneomedicale) precum si in cazul
folosirii unor mijloace rapide de transport;
T = S,
cand destinatiile sunt situate in apropierea localitatii de resedinta a
turistului (de exmplu: turismul preorasanesc) caz in care practic,
durata deplasarii nu mai este luata in considerare.
Prin urmare, se poate aprecia ca, intre dezvoltarea
industriei turistice si a transporturilor, exista o stransa dependenta :
cresterea volumului circulatiei turistice, respectiv dezvoltarea
diferitelor forme de turism organizat, semiorganizat si pe cont propriu
depind de gradul de dezvoltare a transporturilor, si in cosecinta de
posibilitatile oferite turistilor pentru folosirea eficienta, in timp si spatiu,
a diferitelor mijloace de transport, iar existenta unor forme variate si
accesibile de transport influenteaza, la randul lor, atat volumul si
structura fluxurilor turistice cat si repartizarea teritoriala si
rezonalitatea activitatii turistice.
Interdependenta amintita intre oferta turistica si
transporturile de calatori se manifesta cu aceeasi intensitate atat la
nivelul economiilor nationale, cat si la nivelul unor zone, localitati si
statiuni turistice; posibilitatile de transport oferite pentru asigurarea
accesului turistilor in zonele respective reprezinta un factor primordial,
care influenteaza sensibil trasformarea ofertei potentiale in oferta
turistica efectiva si in acelasi timp, o conditie esentiala a valorificarii
eficiente a potentialului turistic al acestui teritoriu.
Dinamica circulatiei turistice internationale a Romaniei in
perioada 1990-2000 ofera o imagine asupra mijloacelor de transport
utilizate de cetatenii romani cu ocazia vizitelor in strainatate si ale
turistilor straini care auvizitat tara noastra. (tabelul nr.1)
Circulatia turistica internationala a Romaniei dupa
mijloacele de transport utilizate
Tabelul nr.1.1.
A. Sosirile vizitatorilor
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
9. straini in Romania 5205 5149 4831 5224 5264
1. Rutiere 4073 3850 3529 3930 3808
2. Feroviare 492 596 589 586 660
3. Aeriene 479 533 553 567 655
4. Navale 161 170 160 141 141
B. Plecarile vizitatorilor .
5748 6243 6274 6388
romani in strainatate 6833
1. Rutiere 4202 4664 5308 4999 5018
2. Feroviare 1065 996 976 654 687
3. Aeriene 324 405 448 484 535
4. Navale 157 178 161 132 148
Sursa: Comisia Nationala pentru Statistica, Anuarul Statistic al Romaniei : anii
1997-2001 si Informatii statistice operative. Activitatea de turism in anul 2001.
Rezultatele progresului tehnic influenteaza in mod direct si
dezvoltarea transporturilor turistice, in volumul si structura
transporturilor putandu-se distinge perioade ciclice caracterizate
printr-o competitie intensa pentru mentinerea suprematiei diferitelor
forme de transport si pentru castigarea unei noi clientele.
Analizand transportul ca pe un element constitutiv si ca pe
o conditie de baza a desfasurarii activitatii turistice, se pot desprinde
urmatoarele sarcini esentiale pentru transporturile turistice:
In primul rand, transportul trebuie sa asigure deplasarea
sigura, sincronizata si confortabila a pasagerilor-turisti, in numarul si la
termenele fixate, pana la destinatia dorita. Din acest cosiderent,
transportul turistic nu este decat un instrument necesar pentru
atingerea unui scop caruia ii ramane subordonat. Aceasta functie de
dependenta a transportului fata de ramurile de activitate economica
pe care le deserveste este o caracteristica predominanta a
transportului.
10. In al doilea rand, stiind ca tarifele pentru transporturi
reprezinta un element component al tarifelor pentru aranjamentele
turistice, este important atat pentru calatori, cat si pentru industria
turismului, ca pretul transportului sa ramana cat mai stabil posibil.
In al treilea rand, atat guvernele tarilor trimitatoare,
respectiv ale celor primitoare de turisti, cat si agentii economici
conteaza, inainte de toate, pe serviciile proprii de transport, asupra
carora pot exercita un control mai sigur si mai eficient decat asupra
transporturilor straine. Prin acestea se poate asigura o exploatare mai
buna a capacitatilor de transport, atat pentru necesitatile turismului
international, cat si ale turismului intern, iar in perioade de activitate
turistica redusa (extrasezon) aceste capacitati de transport pot fi
folosite mai rational, prin acoperirea altor necesitati ale economiei
nationale.
Este limpede ca, in zilele noastre, turismul intern si
international nu se poate dezvolta fara transporturi. Ca element
creator al turismului, transportul determina deci volumul traficului
turistic si ii imprima trasaturile sale caracteristice. In afara de aceasta
functie primara, care conditioneaza orice fel de trafic turistic,
transportul are, de asemenea,un rol activ ca factor stimulativ al resterii
circulatiei turistice. Astfel, masurile de perfectionare a activitatii
turistice si introducerea de noi servicii si facilitati in domeniul
transporturilor pot crea un trafic turistic complet nou sau pot dirija un
trafic preexistent spre noi destinatii, fie in detrimentul unor destinatii
mai vechi, care devin mai putin atractive, fie ca rezultat al introducerii
unor noi programe si aranjamente turistice. Aceasta dezvoltare se
poate produce in special datorita progresului tehnic permanent, in
urma caruia:
- sunt oferite publicului noi mijloace si servicii de transport,
noi capacitati, frecvente si corespondente imbunatatite;
- voiajul devine mai rapid si se efectueaza cu mai multa
regularitate, cu mai mult confort si securitate;
- introducerea unui material rulant tehnic tot mai modern si
mai eficace si a unor metode perfectionate de exploatare pot
conduce la o reducere a costurilor de exploatare si ca urmare, la o
relativa reducere a tarifelor, argument concurential deloc neglijabil
in economia de piata.
11. Cunoscand faptul ca importanta fiecarei forme de transport
si rapiditatea evolutiei sale variaza in pas cu dezvoltarea tehnicii
moderne, se poate spune ca fiecare forma de transport se dezvolta
numai dupa propriile sale reguli, iar noile mijloace de transport le
inlocuiesc pe cele ce se dovedesc perimate. In epoca noastra, exlozia
turismului mondial a devenit nu numai posibila, dar a fost chiar
provocata de evolutia rapida inregistrata in domeniul transporturilor.
Ritmul de dezvoltare a transportului este mai rapid decat al
altor factori de dezvoltare a turismului international ca, de exemplu,
industria hoteliera etc. Acest fapt explica eforturile intreprinderilor de
transport de a incuraja prestatorii de servicii in dezvoltarea bazei
materiale turistice.
In anumite situatii, disproportiile in dezvoltarea unor
elemente componente ale bazei materiale turistice provoaca o
incetinire a dezvoltarii transporturilor. Totusi, este putin probabil ca
progresul tehnic sa poata fi oprit, solutia fiind mai degraba o
coordonare mai eficienta intre factorii care orienteaza dezvoltarea in
perspectiva a turismului intern si international.
In ceea ce priveste transporturile turistice internationale ele
indeplinesc un rol economic important care nu depinde in mod
necesar de rolul si de importanta altor activitati economice care se
servesc de ele.
Functia identica a transportului este identica cu cea a
exportului de bunuri sau cu orice alta activitate a comertului invizibil,
prin care o tara isi procura devize straine. Ca sursa de devize,
transportul international are un rol din ce in ce mai important in
economia mondiala, contribuind la echilibrarea balantei de plati a
multor tari.