Transportation plays a crucial role in logistics by efficiently moving products from point A to point B. The development of transportation techniques and management principles improves loading capacity, delivery speed, service quality, and reduces costs. A well-developed transportation system is essential for logistics to bring advantages like better efficiency, lower operation costs, and improved service quality. It is also important for increasing competitiveness of governments and enterprises. The key modes of transportation discussed are road, rail, pipeline, water and air transport, each with their own advantages and suitability for certain cargo.

1. DR bakht zamin

2. CECOS UNIVERSITY
cecos university

4. Meaning and Definition
“The process of moving an item from
point A to point B.” “Safe, efficient,
reliable, and sustainable movement of
persons and goods over time and
space”

5. Transportation in Logistics: 
The operation of transportation determines the
efficiency of moving products 
The progress in techniques and management principles
improves the moving load, delivery speed, service
quality, operation costs, the usage of facilities and
energy saving.  Transportation takes a crucial part in
the Logistics Operation  Therefore, transportation is
the base of efficiency and economy in business logistics
and expands other functions of logistics system

6. Importance of Transportation:
 Without well-developed transportation systems,
logistics could not bring its advantages into full play.
 A good transport system in logistics activities
could provide better logistics efficiency, reduce
operation cost, and promote service quality.  A
well-operated logistics system could increase both
the competitiveness of the government and
enterprises.  Transport system is the most
important economic activity among the components
of business logistics system

7. Product Movement 
Temporal: -Product is locked up during transit,
hence inaccessible -Positive amount of time is
spent in transporting material -Time is a
resource[Temporal Resource] expended in
Transportation -During the time product is locked
up costs are incurred in proportion of time 
Financial: -Administration costs, Salaries,
Maintenance costs are expended  Environmental:
Fuel costs are high[Creates air pollution,
congestion, Noise pollution

8. (a) Road Transport
This is the oldest and simplest form of transport.
It is largely used for carrying goods as well as
passengers over a short distanc

9. (b) Rail Transport
Rail transport is a cheap and quick
form of transportation for carrying
goods and services over long distance

10. (c) Pipeline Transport
This mode of transport is exclusively
suited for transportation of liquids and
gase

11. Water Transport
Water transport is the cheapest form of
transport. It is broadly divided in inland and
ocean transport

12. Air Transport
This is the fastest mode of transport. It is used
for the movement of passengers and goods
having less volume but high value. It has the
advantages of high speed