Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) is a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) offered to twenty one members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). It is different from other FTA as it is covered wide range of economic environment scopes, include, (1) Government procurement, (2) Labour, (3) Environment, (4) Government-linked companies, and (5) Intellectual property right. Malaysia among twelve countries interested in joining TPPA, in line with Brunei, Chile, New Zealand, Singapore, United States of America, Australia, Peru, Vietnam, Canada, Mexico and Japan. As the negotiation in TPPA in on self-decision among members, Malaysia hold a stand to make sure three main pillars of the country, which are (1) Federal Constitution, (2) Main unique policies include Malay Agenda and Small & Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) development, and (3) Islam as national religion are protected. After five years of negotiation started from 2010, TPPA trade deal was sealed by members on 4th February, 2016 and expected to be effective on 2018. The article will discussed the positive impact of TPPA to Malaysia in term of development in Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) as a basic pace to be wealth nation in years ahead
Empowering MSMEs through financing and linkagesMisbah Hussain
This reports aims to help the MSME sector, especially in
east and north-eastern parts of the country, better
understand the challenges and devise strategies accordinglyto deal with the odds.
Malaysia SME Masterplan 2012 - 2020 the Game ChangerDrBiz Arikrishnan
Malaysia SME Masterplan 2012 - 2020 the Game Changer
In Malay & English
Original source http://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/resources/2015-12-21-11-07-06/sme-masterplan
Doing Business in India - RSM India publication (2012)RSM India
The aim of this book, published by RSM India group in 2012, is to provide general information about doing business in India and every effort has been made to ensure the contents are accurate and current. However, tax rates, legislation and economic conditions referred to in this publication are only accurate at the time of writing.
Empowering MSMEs through financing and linkagesMisbah Hussain
This reports aims to help the MSME sector, especially in
east and north-eastern parts of the country, better
understand the challenges and devise strategies accordinglyto deal with the odds.
Malaysia SME Masterplan 2012 - 2020 the Game ChangerDrBiz Arikrishnan
Malaysia SME Masterplan 2012 - 2020 the Game Changer
In Malay & English
Original source http://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/resources/2015-12-21-11-07-06/sme-masterplan
Doing Business in India - RSM India publication (2012)RSM India
The aim of this book, published by RSM India group in 2012, is to provide general information about doing business in India and every effort has been made to ensure the contents are accurate and current. However, tax rates, legislation and economic conditions referred to in this publication are only accurate at the time of writing.
This report summarises the key messages that emerged during the first five episodes of the ERIA MSME Talks, a series of webinars designed to discuss key issues, challenges, and opportunities for ASEAN MSMEs in the COVID-19 world, with a diverse group of stakeholders including entrepreneurs, policymakers, academics, and experts from the region. This report details some of the building blocks for the development of more sustainable and inclusive entrepreneurship ecosystems during the post-pandemic economic recovery in ASEAN.
The Report stresses that the while the
state of the region is generally healthy, the Asia-Pacific has to
overcome a number of challenges – especially improving both the
pace and quality of growth in the region.
The focus of this year’s report is on structural reform and inclusive
growth. [...]
CII August issue of the Multilateral Newsletter captures the priority areas of cooperation in the grouping, the regional challenges and the solutions to strengthen and integrate the grouping. In addition to this, the newsletter also highlights the key happenings at the International Labour Organisation (ILO), The World Bank (WB), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The rise of the global South is radically reshaping the world and is perhaps the most significant development of recent times. As one of the fastest growing economies, India has emerged as the seventh largest economy globally. Moreover, India’s 16-rung leap in the recently released Global Competitiveness ranking by the World Economic Forum points towards its sharp focus on improving competitiveness.
As India began to enhance its competitiveness journey and given the new direction of its economic and political diplomacy, it has signed FTAs with some of the most important economies like Japan, Korea, Malaysia and the ASEAN countries in the last few years. It is also in the process of negotiating comprehensive trade agreements with EU, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. It has made its presence felt in alliances like the G-20, IBA, and BRICS and has also deepened relations with the East Asian countries. All this points towards India’s growing integration into the Global Economy.
While Indian industry has adapted well to the changing global dynamics, it needs to work hard to integrate itself into the global value chains (GVCs) to boost its global trade, and the country’s economic development.
This edition of Policy Watch looks at some of the important issues that continue to impact the overall trade performance of India and highlights key policy interventions that need to be taken up on priority.
This report summarises the key messages that emerged during the first five episodes of the ERIA MSME Talks, a series of webinars designed to discuss key issues, challenges, and opportunities for ASEAN MSMEs in the COVID-19 world, with a diverse group of stakeholders including entrepreneurs, policymakers, academics, and experts from the region. This report details some of the building blocks for the development of more sustainable and inclusive entrepreneurship ecosystems during the post-pandemic economic recovery in ASEAN.
The Report stresses that the while the
state of the region is generally healthy, the Asia-Pacific has to
overcome a number of challenges – especially improving both the
pace and quality of growth in the region.
The focus of this year’s report is on structural reform and inclusive
growth. [...]
CII August issue of the Multilateral Newsletter captures the priority areas of cooperation in the grouping, the regional challenges and the solutions to strengthen and integrate the grouping. In addition to this, the newsletter also highlights the key happenings at the International Labour Organisation (ILO), The World Bank (WB), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The rise of the global South is radically reshaping the world and is perhaps the most significant development of recent times. As one of the fastest growing economies, India has emerged as the seventh largest economy globally. Moreover, India’s 16-rung leap in the recently released Global Competitiveness ranking by the World Economic Forum points towards its sharp focus on improving competitiveness.
As India began to enhance its competitiveness journey and given the new direction of its economic and political diplomacy, it has signed FTAs with some of the most important economies like Japan, Korea, Malaysia and the ASEAN countries in the last few years. It is also in the process of negotiating comprehensive trade agreements with EU, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. It has made its presence felt in alliances like the G-20, IBA, and BRICS and has also deepened relations with the East Asian countries. All this points towards India’s growing integration into the Global Economy.
While Indian industry has adapted well to the changing global dynamics, it needs to work hard to integrate itself into the global value chains (GVCs) to boost its global trade, and the country’s economic development.
This edition of Policy Watch looks at some of the important issues that continue to impact the overall trade performance of India and highlights key policy interventions that need to be taken up on priority.
Es un informe de geodesia, que cuenta con informacion relacionado a las señales que tiene un gps, asi como tambien los conceptos generales (definicion,caracteristicas,uso,objetivos) que tiene un gps.
Session 2 archanun how aec promote intra_asean trade evidence from thailandntuperc
To gain better understanding of prospects and challenges of AEC, the paper examines whether and how exporters actually respond to tariff preferential schemes of AEC. The core analysis in this paper is an analysis of FTA administrative records of Thailand over the decade ending in 2015. Firms applying AEC preferential schemes were for market access into the original ASEAN members. Products exported under the FTA preferential schemes are highly concentrated, dominated by 4 sectors, i.e. Automotive (both vehicles and auto parts), electrical appliances, petrochemical products, and processed foods. Among ASEAN members, Indonesia had the highest utilization rate, followed by the Philippines and Vietnam. By contrast, Malaysia, another major trading partners of Thailand within ASEAN, recorded rather low utilization rate, i.e. about one-fourth of total export. The high cost of compiling with ROO would explain the low utilization rate to a certain extent. There are also cumbersome in government procedures. The key policy inference is that ROO and their related administrative procedures would be an area where policy makers should pay attention.
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA): Good Governance Empowerment in Ma...inventionjournals
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) was signed by 12 members of Asia Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC) on 4th February 2016, after five years of negotiation. The members are Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Chile, Peru, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico, Canada and United States of America. The Agreement seems to be a new pace in Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between nations in the region as it is genuinely constructed to facilitate nation members toward good governance. This article will specifically narrow to Transparency and Anti-Corruption element in the Agreement, despite other elements relate to good governance strategy in TPPA includes, (1) Antitrust / Competition Policy, (2) Government procurement, (3) Intellectual Property (IP), and (4) Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). Chapter 26 in the Agreement specialized to Transparency and Anti-Corruptionthat members committed to implement in trading activities among themselves. Two vital rules of the chapter are, (1) Transparency concept in trading activities between members as every member hold the responsibility to declare implemented and new laws, regulations and procedures to facilitate and ease country members, (2) Anti-corruption action to beconduct by members in every activities relate to every clauses of the Agreement. Malaysia become a member of United Nation Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) since 2008 and by signing the Agreement, the best practices implemented due to the Agreement can be conducted by standardization to all trade membersout from TPPA ring. This essential move will developedinto good governance in international trading by Malaysia and pulling more investment into the country.
India looks at regional trading arrangements (RTAs) as “building blocks” towards the overall objective of trade liberalization. Therefore, it is participating in a number of RTAs which include structures such as free trade agreements (FTAs), preferential trade agreements (PTAs), and comprehensive economic cooperation agreements (CECAs).
Free Trade Agreement
A free trade agreement among two countries or group of countries agrees to abolish tariffs, quotas and preferences on most of the goods (if not all) between them. Countries choose an FTA if their economical structures are complementary, not competitive.
Strategically located at the heart of Asia, Thailand aptly serves investors as a dynamic gateway to a fast growing economic market. Our growing economy, world-class infrastructure, competitive human capital and strong government support, are responsible for our key position as one of the most attractive investment destinations for foreign investors.
FTAs in South-east Asia: Towards the next generation is the second in a series of reports sponsored by HSBC that examines Asian businesses’ attitude towards free trade agreements (FTAs) and usage of their provisions. The report is based in part on the findings of a survey conducted in the first quarter of 2014 that included 400 exporters from four countries in the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)—Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam—representing a range of industries.
Among its key findings, the report examines how the low usage rate of FTAs among ASEAN exporters is connected to the issue that many existing FTAs are “unambitious”—that is, they rarely go beyond simple tariff cutting to address issues such as trade in services, e-commerce, intellectual property rights, customs cooperation and other regulations that hinder trade—which means companies see limited upside in using them.
Consequently many ASEAN businesses have high hopes for the next generation of “mega-regional” pacts now under negotiation, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), and the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015.
The report also finds that the liberalisation of trade in services is crucial to economic growth in the region. As supply chain fragmentation across ASEAN increases, trade becomes increasingly dependent on logistical, legal, financial and other services, which account for an increasingly large proportion of the value of goods shipped across borders. Better access to quality services would also help businesses expand into other markets.
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE DISCLOSURE IN THE SERVICE SECTOR ON ASEAN E...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The service sector can be a driving force for the economy of a country by relying on human
resources owned by that country or from other countries. For example, countries that are members of ASEAN
can take advantage of the service sector to improve their economy by relying on the human resources of each
country and the human resources of the countries that are members of ASEAN. This research was conducted on
10 ASEAN members, namely Brunei Darrussalam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The type of data used is quantitative data in the form of secondary
data. Data collection is done through records or reports from relevant sources or agencies.
Keywords:export, import, GDP
It involves 12 countries: the US, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Brunei, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile and Peru.
The pact aims to deepen economic ties between these nations, slashing tariffs and fostering trade to boost growth.
Member countries are also hoping to foster a closer relationship on economic policies and regulation.
The agreement could create a new single market something like that of the EU.
Pretty big indeed. The 12 countries have a collective population of about 800 million - almost double that of the European Union's single market. The 12-nation would-be bloc is already responsible for 40% of world trade.
The deal is a remarkable achievement given the very different approaches and standards within the member countries, including environmental protection, workers' rights and regulatory coherence - not to mention the special protections that some countries have for certain industries
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: The Empowerment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise in Malaysia
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 5 Issue 11 || November. 2016 || PP—31-35
www.ijbmi.org 31 | Page
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: The Empowerment of
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise in Malaysia
SitiSurayaMuhamadTaib
Master of Business Administration
Faculty of Management & Information Technology
Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah, Kuala Kangsar Perak, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT: Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) is a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) offered to
twenty one members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). It is different from other FTA as it is
covered wide range of economic environment scopes, include, (1) Government procurement, (2) Labour, (3)
Environment, (4) Government-linked companies, and (5) Intellectual property right. Malaysia among twelve
countries interested in joining TPPA, in line with Brunei, Chile, New Zealand, Singapore, United States of
America, Australia, Peru, Vietnam, Canada, Mexico and Japan. As the negotiation in TPPA in on self-decision
among members, Malaysia hold a stand to make sure three main pillars of the country, which are (1) Federal
Constitution, (2) Main unique policies include Malay Agenda and Small & Medium-sized Enterprise (SME)
development, and (3) Islam as national religion are protected. After five years of negotiation started from 2010,
TPPA trade deal was sealed by members on 4th
February, 2016 and expected to be effective on 2018. The article
will discussed the positive impact of TPPA to Malaysia in term of development in Small and Medium-sized
Enterprise (SME) as a basic pace to be wealth nation in years ahead.
Keywords: Empowerment, Small and Medium Enterprise (SME),Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA).
I. INTRODUCTION
Malaysia is a small country situated in Southeast Asia. In July 2016, Statistics Department of Malaysia
was reported that population in the country achieved 31.7 million, increased by 0.5 million from previous year.
Compare to the populous country in the world, China, Malaysia’s population stated only 2.3% from China’s.
Therefore, Malaysia domestic market is small and ought to look beyond nation’s boundary for trading,
investment and economic growth.
Become open market country, Malaysia is highly depend to international business, foreign investment,
foreign technology and tourisme in order to boost the economy. One of the strategy to survive in global
economic map is through Free Trade Agreement (FTA). There are thirteen FTA’s signed by Malaysia, six
through Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which consisted (1) Asean Free Trade Area (1992),
(2) ASEAN-China (2004), (3) ASEAN-Korea (2006), (4) ASEAN-Japan (2008), (5) ASEAN-India (2009) and
ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand (2009), and seven are bilateral agreements between this country with Japan
(2005), Pakistan (2007), New Zealand (2009), Chile (2010), India (2011), Australia (2012) and Turki (2014)
(MITI, 2016). In 2015 it was reported that the country foreign investment achieved RM601.6 billion compared
to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Malaysia, RM500.2 billion. In order to stimulate domestic economy
agressively, Malaysia should increase the volume in export activities and FDI. According to Ministry of
International Trade and Industry of Malaysia (MITI), as for now there are four other FTA’s in the pipeline
includes (1) Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), (2) Malaysia-European Union, (3)
Malaysia-EFTA Economic Partnership Agreement (MEEPA) and (4) ASEAN-Hong Kong.
II. TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (TPPA)
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) also called as the new millennium FTA as it is include
extensive and advance scopes in economic environment which are (1) Government procurement, (2) Labour, (3)
Environment, (4) Government-linked companies, and (5) Intellectual property right. It is believed that incoming
FTAs will duplicate the construction of TPPA and will promote new look of international business in coming
years.
The agreement sealed by 12 members (Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Vietnam, United States of
America, Japan, Peru, New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Canada & Mexico) on 4th
February 2016 in New Zealand.
As a whole, TPPA members representing 800 million people which hold up 40% of global Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). In 2015, 38% of Malaysia’s total trade goes to TPPA members (SME Annual Report, 2015/16).
The TPPA document constructed into three main divisions, (A) 30 chapters include legal matters, basic FTA’s
rules and new 7 chapters on (1) State-owned Enterprises and Designated Monopolies in Chapter 17, (2) Labour
2. Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: The Empowerment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise in ..
www.ijbmi.org 32 | Page
in Chapter 19, (3) Environment in Chapter 20, (4) Development in Chapter 23, (5) Small and Medium Sized-
Enterprises in Chapter 24, (6) Regulatory Coherence in Chapter 25 and (7) Transparency and Anti-Corruption in
Chapter 26, (B) Attach documents consisted of table of access trade between 12 members, Government Linked
Companies (GLC) and Rules of Origin (ROO), and (C) Side letters related to bilateral agreement between
members.
Apart from being a mean related to trade access across boundaries between members, TPPA bring a
new concept of empowerment into the agreement. It is stated clearly in Chapter 21 that the members urge to
have wise collaboration in empowering the nation in term of grabbing the economic opportunities derive from
the agreement. The collaboration also can get into areas of agriculture, industry, services, education, cultural,
disaster risk management and so on. The main collaboration that significantly empower the nation involved,
stated in the table below:
Table 1.Wise collaboration in TPPA
No. Items Details
1. Transparency and Anti-Corruption The commitment to support high level of transparency and
responsibility in government’s action. The transparency as a main
focus in every rules and regulations related to international trading
among members.
2. Human Rights The commitment to end human trafficking.
3. Labour The commitment to defend labour welfare, in a way to stop forced
labour and child labour.
4. Environment The commitment to reserve the environment includes the
collaboration to stop flora and fauna illegal trade and illegal
logging.
5. Easier trading – Custom standardization. The collaboration in sharing and changing information relate to
facilitate import and export activities between country members.
6. SME’s emancipation The commitment to empower SME businesses in every member
nations as the SME offered by wider and easier access to trade
outside countries.
TPPA chartered the name of high-standard and comprehensive agreement that will draw new landscape
of FTA in international business. The added 7 new chapters in the agreement will promote wider opportunities
for members and new challenges as well. Apparently, become the members of TPPA will dig a new stream of
economic growth in Malaysia in term of empowered the system in the country as a whole.
III. SME IN MALAYSIA
Malaysia had established special central coordinating agency under Ministry of International Trade and
Industry to tackle and enhance SME business in 1996. It was started as Small &Medium Industries
Development Corporation (SMIDEC) and rebranded as Small & Medium Enterprise Corporation Malaysia
(SME Corp. Malaysia) in 2009. In Malaysia, SME enterprise include business with sales turnover not exceeding
RM50 million or hired full-time employees not exceeding 200 people for manufacturing corporation. While for
services and other sectors, the business turnover not more than RM20 million or full time employees not more
than 75 people is identical as SME.
SME Corp. Malaysia had launched SME Master Plan (2012-2020) to be as a game changer in SME
industries to achieve high income nation status in 2020.Table 2 consist 6 High Impact Programmes outlined in
the master plan:
Table 2.6 High Impact Programmes (HIP)
3. Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: The Empowerment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise in ..
www.ijbmi.org 33 | Page
Apparently, SME Corp. Malaysia had a constructive plan in managing and flourishing SME business in
Malaysia. Under central agency facilitation, SMEs in Malaysia had growth tremendously. It was reported that in
2014, SMEs are represent 97.3% of the total business establishment in Malaysia, with 77% are microenterprises
with less than 5 employees. The contribution to economy are 35.9% of GDP, 65% of employment and 17.8% of
exports (Statistic, 2016).The table below showed the achievements of SMEs in GDP, % in employment and %
of exports in annual basis.
Table 3.Annual growth of overall GDP and SME GDP (%) (Constant 2010 prices)
Table 4.Contribution of SME’s to overall employment (%) & annual growth SME employment (%)
4. Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: The Empowerment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise in ..
www.ijbmi.org 34 | Page
Table 5.Contribution of SMEs to overall export (%) & annual SME export (%)
IV. DISCUSSION
Through TPPA, Malaysia will get easier trade access to the countries which have no FTA with
Malaysia before, that are United States of America, Canada, Mexico and Peru. For these countries, there are
4,000 tariff barriers will be demolished for products that vital to Malaysia’s export activities includes textile,
electronic products, oil & gas, wood-based products and latex-based products. As for now, export for electronic
products to TPPA’s country members achieved RM103.3 billion, for oil & gas reached RM56.1 billion, wood-
based products at RM10 billion, latex-based products achieved RM7 billion and textile reached RM5.3 billion,
the achievement will grow extensively after the implementation of TPPA. For Malaysian SMEs, the improved
uniformity and standardization in trade regulations offered by TPPA will accelerate growth opportunities in
global market.
Nanavati (2015) shared that Malaysia has established strong foundations in technology, e-commerce
and financial services that together with the removal of digital customs duties, localisation barriers and forced
technology transfers, these benefits of TPPA will boost Malaysia’s vision of becoming an e-commerce and
high-tech hub within the region. Along with that, Malaysia will become attractive market among members
which will benefit local businesses especially SMEs.
Other than that,Chapter 24 in TPPA specialized for SMEs is really a new big thing in FTA. Consisted
two main vital moves in order to help SMEs in member countries, (1) the establishment of special website
consist of important information from all member countries related to (a) custom regulations, (b) rules &
regulation for intellectual property, (c) technical standardization for import and export activities, (d) business
registration, (e) labour regulation, (f) tax information, and (2) the establishment of SMEs committee that
responsible to facilitate the growth of SMEs in every member countries in varies way includes training and
promoting new market to empower SMEs. The agreement also will review how well SMEs are taking
advantage of the benefits of the Agreement and consider ways to further enhance its positive impact (Kumar,
2016).
V. CONCLUSION
Approximately, only 18% of SMEs in Malaysia exporting products into global market, the companies
includes Oldtown White Coffee, HupSeng, Mamee, Marrybrown, Ramly and others. The number considered
low, despite a high number of SMEs in Malaysia. With strong basis of SMEs establishment through SME Corp.
Malaysia and the opportunities derive from TPPA, SMEs business in Malaysia open to new market called global
market. Of course this opportunity to growth will come along with new challenges, hence, it is recommended to
every SMEs owner in Malaysia to initiate new competency in order to shine in the new economic environment.
REFERENCES
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