The document defines tragedy as a play or story dealing with tragic events and having an unhappy ending, especially concerning the downfall of the main character. It states that in tragedies, the tragic hero suffers disaster after struggle but faces his downfall in a way that attains heroic stature. Examples provided are The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger with Holden Caulfield as the tragic hero whose flaw is disillusionment, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey featuring Randle Patrick McMurphy whose flaw is rebelliousness, and Hamlet by William Shakespeare with Hamlet as the tragic hero whose flaw is inaction and introspection.