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Tragedy of commons
The document discusses the 'tragedy of the commons' as explained by ecologists Garret Hardin and W. F. Lloyd, highlighting the detrimental effects of individuals acting in self-interest on shared resources. It argues that community ownership can lead to environmental degradation and posits that privatization may be necessary to protect the environment and alleviate poverty. The text also lists various resources at risk of depletion, such as coal, fish, oil, water, and grazing land, while suggesting both governmental and non-governmental solutions to manage these challenges.
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Tragedy of commons
- 1.
- 2. Tragedy ofcommons is a dilemma described and written by the ecologist Garret Hardin and W. F. Lloyd 1968. According to the George Monbiot tragedy of commons is quite a pernicious myth. It refers to a commonly held goods and natural things is inevitably degraded. Definition –Tragedy of commons states that individuals acting independently and rationally according to each self interest behave contrary to the best interest of the whole group by depleting some common resources.
- 3. concept- Will sharedresources always be misused and overused. Is community ownership of land forest and fisheries a guaranteed road to ecological disaster. Privatization is the only way to protect environment and 3 rd world poverty.
- 4. What resources aredecreases ? Coal- Non sustainable power source. In 2011, it was evaluated that we have enough coal meet worldwide requests for 188 year.
- 5. Fish- seaaround U.S. approx 200 million metric ton fish are cached. 2 L Mn Fish are dead due to pollution. Oil- According to the U.S. Energy information Administration 2017 supply of oil is expected meet the worlds demand through 2070.
- 6. Water- CapeTown, south Africa is running out of water. 3 Yr of drought that climatologist called “once in millennium” Grazing land- W. F. Lloyd who used hypothetical example of effect of unregulated grazing on common land. Deforestation- Natural gas- CNG and PNG
- 8. Reason for naturalresources depletion Fast population increase High utilization of resources Disintegration of land Contamination
- 9. Effect of naturalresource depletion on human health Loss of biodiversity Poverty Atmospheric changes
- 10. Litter- thecommons is national well being the externalities are huge. Each plastic bag, cigarette butt, bottle, food wrapper Vandalism- in public spaces such as park, recreation area, and public restroom. Election- the electorate vote irresponsibly, such as selling vote, skin color, dynasties, relatives, celebrities NIMBY attitude- not in my backyard
- 11. solution Non governmental solution Governmentalsolution Regulation Privatization Internalization and externalization
- 12. conclusion We shouldtake responsibility to carefully utilize natural resources and which not produce any harm effect on human being and living creature.