This document summarizes key aspects of the traditional ethos of Odisha, India. It discusses the major festivals celebrated in Odisha such as Ratha Yatra, Raja Parba, and Bali Jatra. It also describes important Odishan art forms like Pattachitra paintings, filigree work, and dhokra sculptures. Additionally, it outlines the major textile industries, classical music and dance styles like Odissi, and some of the most significant temples in Odisha including the Jagannath Temple in Puri and the Sun Temple in Konark.

1. Traditional Ethos of Odisha
Gautam Kumar
Assistant Professor
University Department of Teacher Education
Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

2. Points of Discussion
1. Festivals
2. Art & Craft
3. Textile
4. Agriculture
5. Music and Dance
6. Temples
a. Jagannath Temple – Puri
b. Maa Tarini Temple – Ghatgaon, Keonjhar
c. Sun Temple – Konark
d. Lingraj Temple - Bhubanewar

3. Odisha – Land of Excellence in Art
• Odisha also known as Utkal, which means the land of excellence in art.
• The early history of Odisha can be traced back to the mentions found in ancient
texts like the Mahabharata.
• In 261 BCE, Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty conquered the region in the
bloody Kalinga War which was fought at the banks of River Daya near present-
day Bhubaneswar.
• In 261 BCE, Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty conquered the region in the
bloody Kalinga War which was fought at the banks of River Daya near present-
day Bhubaneswar.

4. FESTIVALS

5. FESTIVALS
RATHA YATRA
• Ratha Yatra or Ratha Jatra or Chariot Festival of Lord Jagannath, Devi Subhadra and Lord
Balabhadra.
• Every year in the month of June or July, this festival is celebrated on the second day of the
Shukla Paksha, Ashadh month as per the traditional Oriya calendar.
• It is celebrated for nine days, the commencement of this festival is called as the Rath
Yatra and the return journey on a ninth day is called as Bahuda Jatra. During the return
journey (Bahuda Jatra) of Ratha yatra festival, the chariot of Lord Jagannath stops at
Mausi Maa temple (Lord Jagannath's Aunt).
• Lord Jagannath's Chariot is called as Nandighosa which is 45.6 feet high with 18 wheels,
Lord Balabhadra's chariot is called as Taladhwaja which is 45 feet high with 16 wheels
and Devi Subhadra's chariot is called as Dwarapadalan, which is 44.6 feet high with 14
wheels.

6. FESTIVALS

7. FESTIVALS
RAJA / RAJO PARAB
• Though the country still struggles with taboos related to menstruation, the
Odisha celebrates 3-day long festival of menstruation and womanhood.
• According to myths, during these three days of the Raja festival Mother Earth
(the divine wife of Lord Vishnu) or Bhudevi undergoes menstruation. On the
fourth day ceremonial bath (Vasumati Snana) takes place.
• The term Raja came from the Sanskrit word 'Rajas' which means
menstruation and when a woman menstruates, she is called 'Rajaswala' or a
menstruating woman.
• It is also called Mithuna Sankranti, which means the beginning of the
Mithuna month, it signifies the first showers in the state which readies the soil
for productivity.

8. FESTIVALS
RAJA / RAJO PARAB
• Women and girls from across the state celebrate it by taking break from work
and routine.
• Agricultural work too comes to a standstill during these days
• First day is called Pahili Raja, second day is Mithuna Sankranti, third day
is Bhu daaha or Basi Raja. The final fourth day is called Vasumati snana.

9. FESTIVALS
BALI JATRA

10. FESTIVALS
BALI JATRA / Boat Festival / Boita Bandana
• Bali Jatra is observed on the day of Poornima (full moon) in the month of
Kartikeya (October-November) and continues for the next seven days.
• The name Bali Jatra means 'A Voyage to Bali’.
• The festival starts with worship of the lord Kartikeswar at Gadagadia Ghat of
the River Mahanadi.
• Through this festival, people commemorate the day when sailors of Odisha
first crusade to distant lands of Java, Bali, Borneo, Sri Lanka, and Sumatra.
• To pay their homage, people make the artificial boat and float it in the water.
Besides, the festival also observes the tradition of lighting lamps in the boat
which is called Boita Bandana.

11. ART & CRAFT
ART & CRAFT
• Odisha also known as Utkal, which means the land of excellence in art.
• Odisha is a treasure trove of wonderful handicraft and traditional art forms, a
rich legacy of an ancient culture.
• The appliqué works of Pipili or Pattachitras, silver filigree jewellery and
golden grass mats of Cuttack, Ikkat saree of Cuttack and Sambalpur, Dhokra
and clay toys of Mayurbhanj and Barapali, Lacquer work of Nawangapur,
Horn work of Parlakhemundi, flexible brass fish of Ganjam. Each handicraft
exudes a charm and originality of its own and pristine beauty that remained
untouched by time. The beauty and charm of Orissi handicraft mirrors a
heritage in its past and present flowing into eternity.

12. ART & CRAFT
Patta Chitra
-Raghurajpur, Puri

13. ART & CRAFT
Horn Work

14. ART & CRAFT
Palm Leaf
Drawing

15. ART & CRAFT
Tasar Patta

16. ART & CRAFT
Santhal
Painting

17. ART & CRAFT
Applique Work
-Pipli

18. ART & CRAFT
Silver Filigree
Work
-Cuttack (Silver
City)

19. ART & CRAFT
Sand Art
-Sudarshan
Pattanaik

20. TEXTILE

21. TEXTILE
• Kotpad –Koraput
• Sambalpuri Silk – Sambal Puri
• Habaspuri – Kalahandi
• Pasapali or Saktapar – Bargarh
• Dongria - Rayagada and Kalahandi
• Bomkai / Sonepuri
• Berhampuri - Berhampur

22. Music and Dance
Music
• Odissi music is a classical style of music that comprises all the essential
elements, such as talas and ragas, common to Karnatic and Hindustani Music.
• Jayadeva was the first Odia poet to compose musical lyrics that were meant to
be sung and he also suggested the classical ragas existing during that time in
which the lyrics were to be sung.
• Odissi sangita is a combination of four classes of music chitrakala,
chitrapada, dhruvapada and panchal. The main ragas in Odissi sangita are
Bhairavee, Baradi, Dhanashri, Kalyana, Karnata, Nata, Panchama, Shree
Gowda and Shokabaradi.

23. Music and Dance
ODISSI DANCE
Renowned as the most
revered classical dance
form in Odisha, Odissi
Dance is a typical dance
form where religious and
mythical stories and poems
emoted by the dancers
through expressions, body
movements, and gestures.

24. Music and Dance
MEDHA NACHA
Medha Nacha is a type of mask dance
performed mainly in the coastal districts of
Odisha. Oversized masks of kings, queens,
and devils made by paper pulp are used by
dancers to perform this beautiful dance form
in India.

25. Music and Dance
DANDA NATA
One of the most popular folk
dances of Odisha performed
in the Ganjam district is
Danda Nata. In this form of
dance, devotees undergo a
penance to appease Lord
Shiva by physically touring
their body.

26. Music and Dance
CHAITI GHODA
Chaiti Ghoda dance, also
known as the Horse Dance
is mainly performed during
the festivities related to the
fishing communities of
Odisha. This interesting-to-
watch dance form is only
performed by Kaibarta
Caste.

27. Music and Dance
SAMBALPURI DANCE
Sambalpuri Dance is the Most
famous Folk Dance of Western
Odisha.
The Sambalpuri folk dance
originated from the vibrant
Sambalpur district in which the
performers sing Dalkhai to the
beats of Timkis, Drums and
Nisans

28. TEMPLES
Jagannath Temple – Puri
The present temple was rebuilt from in 10th
century, on the site of an earlier temple, and begun
by King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva, first of
the Eastern Ganga dynasty.
Statue Jagannath is made of wood and is
ceremoniously replaced every twelve or nineteen
years by an exact replica call Nabakalewar

29. TEMPLES
Maa Tarini is one of the
embodiments of Shakti
and is one of the chief
presiding Goddesses in
Odia culture. Her chief
shrine is in Ghatgaon,
Keonjhar District,
Odisha.

30. TEMPLES
KONAKR SUN TEMPLE
Konark sun temple is 13th-century CE
Sun temple at Konark on the coastline
of Odisha, India. The temple is
attributed to king Narasimhadev-I of the
Eastern Ganga Dynasty about 1250 CE.
temple complex has the appearance of a
100-foot (30 m) high chariot with
immense wheels and horses, all carved
from stone. Once over 200 feet (61 m)
high.

31. TEMPLES
Lingraj Temple - Bhubanewar
Lingaraja Temple is dedicated to
Shiva and is one of the oldest
temples in Bhubaneswar, the
capital of the Indian state of
Odisha.
The temple is believed to be built
by the kings from the Somavamsi
dynasty, with later additions from
the Ganga rulers. The temple is
built in the Deula style that has
four components namely, vimana

32. Saturday, 08 August 2020 GAUTAM I UUDTE I UTKAL UNIVERSITY 32
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