Tractors and machinery for land preparation to harvesting A report By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former D.G ,Agriculture Extension KPK Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar
Tractors and machinery for land preparation to harvesting A report By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former D.G ,Agriculture Extension KPK Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar
Farm tractors provide mechanical power to tillage implements for soil preparation. Common tillage implements include moldboard plows, which cut and invert soil layers; disk plows and harrows, which laterally displace soil using concave steel disks; and chisel plows and field cultivators, which break up soil clods without inverting layers. Tractor size is measured by PTO horsepower and can range from under 40 HP to over 400 HP, with large modern tractors costing over $200,000. These implements are used for primary and secondary tillage operations like seedbed preparation and weed control.
Tillage and cultivation are important mechanical soil processes for crop growth. Primary tillage, like plowing, is more aggressive and leaves the soil rough, while secondary tillage works the soil shallowly to level, firm, and control weeds. Common primary tillage implements include moldboard plows and chisel plows, while common secondary tillage implements are disc harrows and cultivators. Tillage machines can be mounted, semi-mounted, or trailed depending on how they attach to tractors.
This document defines and describes various agricultural tools and equipment. It provides descriptions of a tractor, rototiller, disc harrow, harrow, drill, rotavator, subsoiler, cultipacker, chisel plow, bottom plow, ox plows, wheelbarrow, rake, pick, shovel, machete, hoe, pitchfork, hand cultivator, spade, and trowel. Each tool is used for various purposes related to tilling soil, planting crops, removing weeds, and other farming and gardening tasks.
The document discusses various types of tillage and land preparation equipment used in agriculture. It defines tillage as modifying the soil structure to create suitable conditions for plant growth. Primary tillage like plows are used to break up soil while secondary tillage implements such as disc harrows and cultivators further break up soil clods and level the surface. Conservation tillage is also discussed, which leaves over 30% of the soil surface covered with residue to reduce erosion. Proper tillage is necessary to control weeds, aerate the soil, and prepare high quality seedbeds for crop growth.
This document discusses various types of tillage and land preparation equipment used in agriculture. It defines tillage as modifying the soil structure to create suitable conditions for plant growth. Primary tillage like plows are used to break up soil while secondary tillage implements such as disc harrows and cultivators further break up soil clods and level the surface. Conservation tillage is also discussed, which leaves over 30% of the soil surface covered in residue to reduce erosion and conserve moisture compared to conventional tillage.
This document discusses various farm machines and equipment used for tillage operations. It describes tractors, bulldozers, ploughs, harrows, cultivators, and rollers. Tractors are used to pull other implements like disc harrows and ploughs. Bulldozers are used for tilling, clearing weeds, moving earth, and leveling soil. Ploughs like disc ploughs, chisel ploughs, and mouldboard ploughs are used for opening, loosening, and turning over soil. Harrows, cultivators, and rollers are secondary tillage implements used after ploughing to further break up soil clods and prepare the seedbed. Proper
This document summarizes information about cultivators and puddlers. It describes cultivators as machines that disturb the top soil surface to prepare seedbeds or kill weeds. There are different types of cultivators including animal drawn, semi-mounted, and mounted. Puddling is an important process in wetland rice cultivation that involves repeatedly ploughing and harrowing soil under water to increase its water holding capacity and facilitate transplanting. Rotary tillers and power tillers equipped with cage wheels are commonly used puddling equipment.
This document discusses various tillage systems and implements used in agriculture. It describes seasonal, off-seasonal and special purpose tillage operations. For seasonal tillage, it explains preparatory tillage including primary and secondary tillage. Primary tillage implements discussed are the mouldboard plough, disc plough, chisel plough and subsoiler. Secondary tillage implements mentioned are harrows, cultivators and rollers. The document also provides details on traditional desi and mesion ploughs as well as modern tractor-drawn implements used for different tillage purposes.
Farm tractors provide mechanical power to tillage implements for soil preparation. Common tillage implements include moldboard plows, which cut and invert soil layers; disk plows and harrows, which laterally displace soil using concave steel disks; and chisel plows and field cultivators, which break up soil clods without inverting layers. Tractor size is measured by PTO horsepower and can range from under 40 HP to over 400 HP, with large modern tractors costing over $200,000. These implements are used for primary and secondary tillage operations like seedbed preparation and weed control.
Tillage and cultivation are important mechanical soil processes for crop growth. Primary tillage, like plowing, is more aggressive and leaves the soil rough, while secondary tillage works the soil shallowly to level, firm, and control weeds. Common primary tillage implements include moldboard plows and chisel plows, while common secondary tillage implements are disc harrows and cultivators. Tillage machines can be mounted, semi-mounted, or trailed depending on how they attach to tractors.
This document defines and describes various agricultural tools and equipment. It provides descriptions of a tractor, rototiller, disc harrow, harrow, drill, rotavator, subsoiler, cultipacker, chisel plow, bottom plow, ox plows, wheelbarrow, rake, pick, shovel, machete, hoe, pitchfork, hand cultivator, spade, and trowel. Each tool is used for various purposes related to tilling soil, planting crops, removing weeds, and other farming and gardening tasks.
The document discusses various types of tillage and land preparation equipment used in agriculture. It defines tillage as modifying the soil structure to create suitable conditions for plant growth. Primary tillage like plows are used to break up soil while secondary tillage implements such as disc harrows and cultivators further break up soil clods and level the surface. Conservation tillage is also discussed, which leaves over 30% of the soil surface covered with residue to reduce erosion. Proper tillage is necessary to control weeds, aerate the soil, and prepare high quality seedbeds for crop growth.
This document discusses various types of tillage and land preparation equipment used in agriculture. It defines tillage as modifying the soil structure to create suitable conditions for plant growth. Primary tillage like plows are used to break up soil while secondary tillage implements such as disc harrows and cultivators further break up soil clods and level the surface. Conservation tillage is also discussed, which leaves over 30% of the soil surface covered in residue to reduce erosion and conserve moisture compared to conventional tillage.
This document discusses various farm machines and equipment used for tillage operations. It describes tractors, bulldozers, ploughs, harrows, cultivators, and rollers. Tractors are used to pull other implements like disc harrows and ploughs. Bulldozers are used for tilling, clearing weeds, moving earth, and leveling soil. Ploughs like disc ploughs, chisel ploughs, and mouldboard ploughs are used for opening, loosening, and turning over soil. Harrows, cultivators, and rollers are secondary tillage implements used after ploughing to further break up soil clods and prepare the seedbed. Proper
This document summarizes information about cultivators and puddlers. It describes cultivators as machines that disturb the top soil surface to prepare seedbeds or kill weeds. There are different types of cultivators including animal drawn, semi-mounted, and mounted. Puddling is an important process in wetland rice cultivation that involves repeatedly ploughing and harrowing soil under water to increase its water holding capacity and facilitate transplanting. Rotary tillers and power tillers equipped with cage wheels are commonly used puddling equipment.
This document discusses various tillage systems and implements used in agriculture. It describes seasonal, off-seasonal and special purpose tillage operations. For seasonal tillage, it explains preparatory tillage including primary and secondary tillage. Primary tillage implements discussed are the mouldboard plough, disc plough, chisel plough and subsoiler. Secondary tillage implements mentioned are harrows, cultivators and rollers. The document also provides details on traditional desi and mesion ploughs as well as modern tractor-drawn implements used for different tillage purposes.
This document provides an overview of agricultural machinery classifications and terminology. It discusses:
1) The general classification of agricultural machineries into crop production and post-harvest categories, with crop production further divided into crop establishment and maintenance machineries.
2) Different types of power control systems for tractor implements, including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and cable controls.
3) Key terms and classifications related to soil tillage, including types of tillage actions, objectives, requirements and systems. It also discusses various tillage implements and tools.
To prepare land for planting vegetables, proper soil preparation is essential. Land preparation has evolved over time from manual to mechanized processes. The key steps to prepare soil for a vegetable garden are: 1) remove existing vegetation from the garden area, 2) analyze the soil quality, 3) till the soil to break it up and remove debris, 4) mix compost or fertilizer into the tilled soil to enrich it, and 5) allow the cultivated soil to sit before planting to improve soil structure and fertility. Proper land preparation helps ensure good crop establishment and yield.
Tractor drawn farm implements used in indiaSubhomay Sinha
Tractor-drawn implements can be trailed, semi-mounted, or mounted depending on how they are attached to the tractor. Trailed implements are pulled but not supported by the tractor, while semi-mounted implements are partly supported and controlled by the tractor. Mounted implements are fully supported and controlled by the tractor using a three-point linkage system. Common tractor-drawn implements include cultivators for tilling soil, harrows for breaking up clumps of soil, ploughs for initial soil preparation, and ridgers/levelers for shaping fields. Mechanization using tractor-drawn implements has significantly increased crop yields while reducing production costs compared to manual labor.
The document discusses different methods for preparing soil for planting crops. It describes various tillage techniques like plowing, rotavating, and digging that can loosen and aerate the soil. Single digging and double digging techniques are explained for turning over soil layers. While tillage can improve soil conditions, it can also reduce organic matter and harm soil organisms. The main purposes of land preparation are to put the soil in optimal physical condition for plant growth and development.
The document discusses different types of cultivators and weeders used in Bangladesh. It describes disc cultivators, rotary cultivators, and tine cultivators. It also discusses trailed and mounted cultivators. For weeders, it outlines short-handled and long-handled weeders. Long-handled weeders include star weeders and peg weeders. Wheel hoes and hand hoes are also summarized.
Primary & Secondary tillage Implements and their usesSazib akan
Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). cultivator. agricultural technology: Fallow system and tillage techniques. cereal farming: Seedbed preparation.
Mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable condition for proper crop growth is called tillage.
Soil tillage consists of breaking the compact surface of earth to a certain depth.
To loosen the soil mass so as to enable the roots of the crops to penetrate and spread into the soil.
Secondary Tillage implements & their uses in AgricultureSazib akan
Secondary tillage implements are used to further condition soil after primary tillage. The main types discussed are harrows, disc harrows, spike tooth harrows, spring tooth harrows, Acme harrows, Patela harrows, triangular harrows, blade harrows, Guntakas, and reciprocating power harrows. Cultivators are also discussed as implements used for intercultivation between crop rows to aerate soil and control weeds. Secondary tillage implements play an important role in preparing seedbeds and managing soil, plant residues, weeds and pests.
Tillage is a piece of farm equipment used for the preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, mixing, and overturning.
Examples of human-powered tilling techniques using hand tools include shoveling, gathering, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. The meaning of “Tillage” is the land that can be tilled.
There are various types of tillage implement like rotary tiller or rotavator, plough, harrow, cultivator, subsoiler and many more used in agriculture activity
This document discusses different types of plows and soil preparation equipment used in agriculture. It describes disc plows, which cut and turn soil using rotating steel discs instead of a moldboard. Advantages include use in hard, dry, sticky or stony soils. Chisel plows and subsoilers are used to break up compacted soil layers below the normal plowing depth. Puddlers are implements used to churn wet soil in paddy fields, improving soil properties for transplanting rice. The document provides details on various animal-drawn, tractor-drawn and hand-operated plowing and soil preparation equipment.
Tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable conditions for crop production. It involves operations like ploughing, harrowing, and weed control. The objectives of tillage are to prepare a seedbed, add nutrients and organic matter to soil, aerate the soil, control weeds, and increase water holding capacity. Primary tillage like ploughing is used to open up land for crop production while secondary tillage implements such as disc harrows and cultivators are used for finer soil operations after primary tillage. Different tillage implements are made of materials suitable for their various components and functions.
This document discusses tillage practices and implements. It defines tillage as the mechanical manipulation of soil to improve physical conditions for plant growth. The primary aims of tillage are producing suitable soil structure, controlling weeds and moisture, and incorporating organic matter. Objectives include improving soil tilth, manipulating plant residues, managing water and air in soil, and controlling pests. Various tillage implements are described for primary tillage like moldboard plows and secondary tillage like disc harrows. The effects of different tillage practices and appropriate implements are discussed for different soil and climate conditions.
Secondary tillage implements are farm tools that prepare soil for planting by removing weeds, loosening the soil to allow moisture entry, and smoothing and leveling the soil surface. Common secondary tillage implements include harrows, pulverizers, and cultivators, and they should be kept clean, have securely fastened nuts, and receive regular greasing to maintain proper functioning.
Secondary tillage implements include disc harrows, spike tooth harrows, spring harrows, and blade harrows. These implements perform lighter soil operations than primary tillage to create proper tilth for seeding. Disc harrows use rotating steel discs to pulverize soil while spike tooth and spring harrows have pointed steel teeth or elliptical tynes that penetrate the soil. Blade harrows are commonly used in India and move soil to cover seeds without inverting it. Secondary tillage implements prepare soil for planting with less power required than primary tillage.
This document provides information about a course on agro machinery engineering. The objectives of the course are to explore various agro operations like plowing and threshing, learn the working mechanisms of different agro machines, and understand the design aspects of agro machines. After completing the course, students will be able to distinguish between different agro operations and select and design mechanisms for various agro machines. The document then discusses various primary tillage equipment like moldboard plows, disc plows, subsoilers, and paddy puddlers. It provides details on the components, working, and types of these machines.
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
This document discusses various types of agricultural equipment used for intercultural operations between sowing and harvesting. It describes cultivators, which can be disc, rotary, or tine cultivators and are used for seedbed preparation and sowing. Other intercultural equipment discussed include hoes, sweepers, junior hoes, duck foot cultivators, wheel hoes, star/peg weeders, and cono weeders. The document provides details on the components, operation, and uses of these various types of intercultural agricultural machinery.
This document discusses different types of agricultural cultivators used to prepare soil. It describes spring tyne cultivators, rigid tyne cultivators, cultivators of the rigid tyne shovel type, and cultivators of bar points. Spring tyne cultivators have springs to prevent damage and are used for seedbed development and puddling. Rigid tyne cultivators have adjustable tines and are versatile for aerating and preparing seedbeds. Rigid tyne shovel cultivators are used for breaking soil, preparing seedbeds, and weeding. Bar point cultivators have clamped tynes and are used for light soil preparation like seedbeds and subsoil cultivation.
Tillage glossary A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert KPK ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Bulk density measures soil compaction and can limit root growth when exceeding thresholds that vary by soil texture. Conservation tillage maintains at least 30% ground cover or 1,000 lbs/acre of residue after planting to reduce erosion. Intensive tillage disturbs the entire soil surface before and during planting, leaving little residue and requiring chemical weed control. Surface sealing occurs when raindrops impact bare soil, concentrating fine particles at the surface and impeding infiltration. Disks are implements with circular blades used to cut residue, break up soil structure, and level the surface. Inversion tillage buries residues by flipping over a layer of soil, leaving the surface bare and susceptible to erosion.
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. It is an important method used for control of weeds.
This document describes three agricultural implements manufactured by DONEX LTD:
1) The KUT-6 roller is used for pre-sowing and post-sowing rolling to bust clods, level soil, and compress soil to improve structure and moisture retention. Field trials showed it stabilized seeding depth and increased yields by 7-17%.
2) The KU-10 roller is a larger five-link version that can level and compact soil across a 10m width. It transforms between work and transport positions and its tools self-clean in wet soil. It reduces soil evaporation and stabilizes seeding depth for up to 20% more yield.
3) The ChN chisels are used for sub
Choose The Right Rotavator
It is important to select the correct size rotavator for your field or garden. There is little point arranged a large rotavator for a small garden. Also, consider if you will have sufficient space to access the area. if necessary consult with an expert to ensure you choose the correct rotavator for your needs.
When To Rotavate
It is generally advised to rotavate in spring or autumn. These seasons offer softer soil and will result in more aeration than in the summer months.
Check Soil Moisture
Your soil moisture can play a large part in how successful your rotavating is. Sandy soil will rotavate in a very similar way whether dry or wet and so the moisture level is not as important.
In comparison, clay soil must be done when the moisture is favourable. if the soil is too dry it will be very hard and difficult to break apart. In contrast, when the soil is too moist the clay can stick to your rotavator cause unnecessary mess and potential damage to your requirement.
Weed Control
Weed removal is very important when rotavating. If left you will find the weed will quickly grow out of control and the seeds have been mixed throughout the soil of your entire field or garden.
Control The Rotavator Properly
When you are using your rotavator you must ensure you maintain full control of the equipment. A rotavator is a powerful piece of equipment and it can easily course damage or harm if not used properly.
Rotavate The Land In Strips
When Rotavating your land plan head, it is advised to rotavate in strips to ensure the best result. Make a few passes over each strip, and repeat the process at right angles to the original rotavated strips. Don’t dig much deeper than two or three inches deep on the first pass. You can then set the rotavator to dig deeper on each pass after that. You should rotavate offer the course of several hours.
This document provides an overview of agricultural machinery classifications and terminology. It discusses:
1) The general classification of agricultural machineries into crop production and post-harvest categories, with crop production further divided into crop establishment and maintenance machineries.
2) Different types of power control systems for tractor implements, including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and cable controls.
3) Key terms and classifications related to soil tillage, including types of tillage actions, objectives, requirements and systems. It also discusses various tillage implements and tools.
To prepare land for planting vegetables, proper soil preparation is essential. Land preparation has evolved over time from manual to mechanized processes. The key steps to prepare soil for a vegetable garden are: 1) remove existing vegetation from the garden area, 2) analyze the soil quality, 3) till the soil to break it up and remove debris, 4) mix compost or fertilizer into the tilled soil to enrich it, and 5) allow the cultivated soil to sit before planting to improve soil structure and fertility. Proper land preparation helps ensure good crop establishment and yield.
Tractor drawn farm implements used in indiaSubhomay Sinha
Tractor-drawn implements can be trailed, semi-mounted, or mounted depending on how they are attached to the tractor. Trailed implements are pulled but not supported by the tractor, while semi-mounted implements are partly supported and controlled by the tractor. Mounted implements are fully supported and controlled by the tractor using a three-point linkage system. Common tractor-drawn implements include cultivators for tilling soil, harrows for breaking up clumps of soil, ploughs for initial soil preparation, and ridgers/levelers for shaping fields. Mechanization using tractor-drawn implements has significantly increased crop yields while reducing production costs compared to manual labor.
The document discusses different methods for preparing soil for planting crops. It describes various tillage techniques like plowing, rotavating, and digging that can loosen and aerate the soil. Single digging and double digging techniques are explained for turning over soil layers. While tillage can improve soil conditions, it can also reduce organic matter and harm soil organisms. The main purposes of land preparation are to put the soil in optimal physical condition for plant growth and development.
The document discusses different types of cultivators and weeders used in Bangladesh. It describes disc cultivators, rotary cultivators, and tine cultivators. It also discusses trailed and mounted cultivators. For weeders, it outlines short-handled and long-handled weeders. Long-handled weeders include star weeders and peg weeders. Wheel hoes and hand hoes are also summarized.
Primary & Secondary tillage Implements and their usesSazib akan
Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). cultivator. agricultural technology: Fallow system and tillage techniques. cereal farming: Seedbed preparation.
Mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable condition for proper crop growth is called tillage.
Soil tillage consists of breaking the compact surface of earth to a certain depth.
To loosen the soil mass so as to enable the roots of the crops to penetrate and spread into the soil.
Secondary Tillage implements & their uses in AgricultureSazib akan
Secondary tillage implements are used to further condition soil after primary tillage. The main types discussed are harrows, disc harrows, spike tooth harrows, spring tooth harrows, Acme harrows, Patela harrows, triangular harrows, blade harrows, Guntakas, and reciprocating power harrows. Cultivators are also discussed as implements used for intercultivation between crop rows to aerate soil and control weeds. Secondary tillage implements play an important role in preparing seedbeds and managing soil, plant residues, weeds and pests.
Tillage is a piece of farm equipment used for the preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, mixing, and overturning.
Examples of human-powered tilling techniques using hand tools include shoveling, gathering, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. The meaning of “Tillage” is the land that can be tilled.
There are various types of tillage implement like rotary tiller or rotavator, plough, harrow, cultivator, subsoiler and many more used in agriculture activity
This document discusses different types of plows and soil preparation equipment used in agriculture. It describes disc plows, which cut and turn soil using rotating steel discs instead of a moldboard. Advantages include use in hard, dry, sticky or stony soils. Chisel plows and subsoilers are used to break up compacted soil layers below the normal plowing depth. Puddlers are implements used to churn wet soil in paddy fields, improving soil properties for transplanting rice. The document provides details on various animal-drawn, tractor-drawn and hand-operated plowing and soil preparation equipment.
Tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable conditions for crop production. It involves operations like ploughing, harrowing, and weed control. The objectives of tillage are to prepare a seedbed, add nutrients and organic matter to soil, aerate the soil, control weeds, and increase water holding capacity. Primary tillage like ploughing is used to open up land for crop production while secondary tillage implements such as disc harrows and cultivators are used for finer soil operations after primary tillage. Different tillage implements are made of materials suitable for their various components and functions.
This document discusses tillage practices and implements. It defines tillage as the mechanical manipulation of soil to improve physical conditions for plant growth. The primary aims of tillage are producing suitable soil structure, controlling weeds and moisture, and incorporating organic matter. Objectives include improving soil tilth, manipulating plant residues, managing water and air in soil, and controlling pests. Various tillage implements are described for primary tillage like moldboard plows and secondary tillage like disc harrows. The effects of different tillage practices and appropriate implements are discussed for different soil and climate conditions.
Secondary tillage implements are farm tools that prepare soil for planting by removing weeds, loosening the soil to allow moisture entry, and smoothing and leveling the soil surface. Common secondary tillage implements include harrows, pulverizers, and cultivators, and they should be kept clean, have securely fastened nuts, and receive regular greasing to maintain proper functioning.
Secondary tillage implements include disc harrows, spike tooth harrows, spring harrows, and blade harrows. These implements perform lighter soil operations than primary tillage to create proper tilth for seeding. Disc harrows use rotating steel discs to pulverize soil while spike tooth and spring harrows have pointed steel teeth or elliptical tynes that penetrate the soil. Blade harrows are commonly used in India and move soil to cover seeds without inverting it. Secondary tillage implements prepare soil for planting with less power required than primary tillage.
This document provides information about a course on agro machinery engineering. The objectives of the course are to explore various agro operations like plowing and threshing, learn the working mechanisms of different agro machines, and understand the design aspects of agro machines. After completing the course, students will be able to distinguish between different agro operations and select and design mechanisms for various agro machines. The document then discusses various primary tillage equipment like moldboard plows, disc plows, subsoilers, and paddy puddlers. It provides details on the components, working, and types of these machines.
Operation and management of primary and secondary tillageagriyouthnepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
This document discusses various types of agricultural equipment used for intercultural operations between sowing and harvesting. It describes cultivators, which can be disc, rotary, or tine cultivators and are used for seedbed preparation and sowing. Other intercultural equipment discussed include hoes, sweepers, junior hoes, duck foot cultivators, wheel hoes, star/peg weeders, and cono weeders. The document provides details on the components, operation, and uses of these various types of intercultural agricultural machinery.
This document discusses different types of agricultural cultivators used to prepare soil. It describes spring tyne cultivators, rigid tyne cultivators, cultivators of the rigid tyne shovel type, and cultivators of bar points. Spring tyne cultivators have springs to prevent damage and are used for seedbed development and puddling. Rigid tyne cultivators have adjustable tines and are versatile for aerating and preparing seedbeds. Rigid tyne shovel cultivators are used for breaking soil, preparing seedbeds, and weeding. Bar point cultivators have clamped tynes and are used for light soil preparation like seedbeds and subsoil cultivation.
Tillage glossary A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert KPK ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Bulk density measures soil compaction and can limit root growth when exceeding thresholds that vary by soil texture. Conservation tillage maintains at least 30% ground cover or 1,000 lbs/acre of residue after planting to reduce erosion. Intensive tillage disturbs the entire soil surface before and during planting, leaving little residue and requiring chemical weed control. Surface sealing occurs when raindrops impact bare soil, concentrating fine particles at the surface and impeding infiltration. Disks are implements with circular blades used to cut residue, break up soil structure, and level the surface. Inversion tillage buries residues by flipping over a layer of soil, leaving the surface bare and susceptible to erosion.
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. It is an important method used for control of weeds.
Similar to Tractors and machinery for land preparation to harvesting A report By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former D.G ,Agriculture Extension KPK Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar
This document describes three agricultural implements manufactured by DONEX LTD:
1) The KUT-6 roller is used for pre-sowing and post-sowing rolling to bust clods, level soil, and compress soil to improve structure and moisture retention. Field trials showed it stabilized seeding depth and increased yields by 7-17%.
2) The KU-10 roller is a larger five-link version that can level and compact soil across a 10m width. It transforms between work and transport positions and its tools self-clean in wet soil. It reduces soil evaporation and stabilizes seeding depth for up to 20% more yield.
3) The ChN chisels are used for sub
Choose The Right Rotavator
It is important to select the correct size rotavator for your field or garden. There is little point arranged a large rotavator for a small garden. Also, consider if you will have sufficient space to access the area. if necessary consult with an expert to ensure you choose the correct rotavator for your needs.
When To Rotavate
It is generally advised to rotavate in spring or autumn. These seasons offer softer soil and will result in more aeration than in the summer months.
Check Soil Moisture
Your soil moisture can play a large part in how successful your rotavating is. Sandy soil will rotavate in a very similar way whether dry or wet and so the moisture level is not as important.
In comparison, clay soil must be done when the moisture is favourable. if the soil is too dry it will be very hard and difficult to break apart. In contrast, when the soil is too moist the clay can stick to your rotavator cause unnecessary mess and potential damage to your requirement.
Weed Control
Weed removal is very important when rotavating. If left you will find the weed will quickly grow out of control and the seeds have been mixed throughout the soil of your entire field or garden.
Control The Rotavator Properly
When you are using your rotavator you must ensure you maintain full control of the equipment. A rotavator is a powerful piece of equipment and it can easily course damage or harm if not used properly.
Rotavate The Land In Strips
When Rotavating your land plan head, it is advised to rotavate in strips to ensure the best result. Make a few passes over each strip, and repeat the process at right angles to the original rotavated strips. Don’t dig much deeper than two or three inches deep on the first pass. You can then set the rotavator to dig deeper on each pass after that. You should rotavate offer the course of several hours.
The document describes various farm equipment used for soil preparation, planting, maintenance and harvesting of crops. It includes equipment for cutting crop residue, subsoiling, plowing, harrowing, fertilizer application, land leveling, weed and pest control spraying, ridge making, sugarcane loading and transport. The key equipment are a rotary slasher, subsoiler, plow, harrow, rotavator, fertilizer spreader, land leveler, boom sprayer, tyne ridger, sugarcane loader and tipping trailer.
This document discusses different types of primary tillage implements used in farming, including their objectives and characteristics. It describes the mouldboard plough and disk plough in detail. The mouldboard plough cuts, lifts, inverts, and pulverizes the soil, while the disk plough cuts and turns the soil using steel discs. Some advantages of the disk plough include its ability to penetrate hard, dry soil and work well in stony conditions. However, it leaves the soil rougher and more cloddy than the mouldboard plough. The document also briefly mentions other primary tillage implements like the subsoil plough and rotary tiller.
Design and Fabrication of Rotary Tiller BladeIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and fabrication of rotary tiller blades. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goals of optimizing blade parameters to reduce tillage energy requirements. It then provides background on rotary tillers and defines different types. The key sections analyze the geometry and equations that govern blade shape, including the cutting angle. Design calculations and specifications are provided for existing and new blade models. Tables compare performance metrics like peak torque across different blade designs. The document concludes by defining the specific work method for determining a rotary tiller's work output per soil volume tilled.
The rotavator is used for primary and secondary tillage to a depth of 6 inches, conserving soil moisture. It prepares land for sowing without overturning soil. It eradicates weeds and mixes manure or fertilizer into soil. The rotavator enhances soil fertility by mixing crop residues and is efficient for puddling in dry or wet soils. It saves time and fuel compared to other tillage implements.
The information of useful small farm Agricultural Machinery is given in this presentation such as battery-assisted Four wheel weeder, Cono weeder, Wheel hoe, dibbler, vegetable transplanter, Direct paddy seeder, Manual Groundnut Decorticator, Tubular Maize Sheller, 7HP mini tiller and Brush Cutter.
1. Tractor drawn harrows are secondary tillage implements used after ploughing to break up clods and smooth the soil surface.
2. There are several types of harrows including disc, spike tooth, spring tooth, triangular, and Acme harrows.
3. Disc harrows are well-suited for hard ground with stalks and grasses, using rotating discs to cut soil lumps and roots.
The document discusses different agricultural implements used for forming ridges and furrows, including a bund former, ridger, and various types of cultivators. It provides details on their components and functions. A bund former is used to form bunds or ridges to retain soil moisture. A ridger simultaneously cuts and turns soil in opposite directions to form ridges. Cultivators are classified as having either rigid or spring-loaded tines, and are used to break up soil clods and uproot weeds. Maintenance tips are also provided for a moldboard plow and disc plow.
The document discusses different areas and tools used in horticulture. It describes the key areas of horticulture including arboriculture, floriculture, landscape horticulture, olericulture, fruticulture, and viticulture. It then discusses different tools used in horticulture for tasks like land preparation, propagation, pruning, harvesting, and fertilizer spreading. These include hand tools, power tillers, rototillers, mini-tillers, hoes, pruning shears, hedge trimmers, lawn mowers, and fertilizer spreaders.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on trenching machines. It describes the main types of trenching machines including wheel trenchers, chain trenchers, micro trenchers, portable trenchers, and tractor mount trenchers. Diagrams of a wheel trencher and chain trencher are shown. Major trenching machine companies and the capacity of one machine are provided. Advantages include minimizing excavation volume and maximizing soil reuse, while disadvantages include needing to replace buckets in hard rock and requiring regular chain adjustment and maintenance.
This document provides information on the VST Shakti 130 DI power tiller made by V.S.T Tillers Tractors Limited. It details the tiller's specifications including its 673cc diesel engine and various transmission and operational features. The document also summarizes over 15 attachments that can be used with the power tiller for tasks like threshing, reaping, cultivating, drilling, pumping, digging and transport. These attachments expand the tiller's functionality for various agricultural operations.
Agro Vision is an ISO certified company that provides affordable agricultural equipment to farmers. They produce various manually operated tools for tasks like weeding, seeding, threshing, and soil preparation. The document provides product codes, descriptions, and images for 16 different agricultural tools in their product line, including paddy weeders, cono weeders, broadforks, wheel hoes, seed drills, thresher drums, and more. Contact information is provided at the end.
Brohawk manufacture cultivator of different types 7 tyne cultivator, 9 Tyne cultivator, 11 Tyne cultivator which are suitable for farming. http://www.brohawkgroup.com/products/agricultural-machinery/tiller-cultivator/
The document provides an overview of Pöttinger's product range for soil preparation, seeding, and grassland management. It describes various tillage implements like ploughs, disc harrows, and cultivators. Pöttinger offers ploughs in different sizes that can be adapted to different tractor sizes and field conditions. Features like traction control allow ploughs to save fuel by reducing wheel slip. The document also outlines seed drills, both mechanical and pneumatic models, as well as mulch seeders. Finally, it mentions products for grassland like mowers, tedders, and rakes.
The document discusses 13 implements used in sugarcane cultivation including a sugarcane planter, pit digger, sett cutter, detrasher, crusher, intercultivator, ridger, stubble shaver, ratoon manager, weeder, rotavator, harvester, and bud chipper. Each implement is described along with its function, specifications, advantages, and cost to mechanize the various processes of sugarcane planting, weeding, harvesting, and post-harvest processing in a timely and cost-effective manner.
Equipment for earth work (for civil engineering) laxman singh
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Tractors and machinery for land preparation to harvesting A report By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former D.G ,Agriculture Extension KPK Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar
1.
2. Tractors and Machinery for
Land Preparation to
Harvesting in Seasonal
Vegetables/Tunnel
Vegetables and Kitchen
Gardening and Fruit
Orchards
By
Mr Allah Dad Khan
40. Vine Clips
The clip is designed to
hold the twine tightly
and won't slip. The clips
are a must with heavy
plants like tomatoes or
cucumbers, especially in
the greenhouse.
49. HYDRAULIC TIPPING TROLLEY
A Multipurpose rugged &
powerful machine which
can be quickly
attached/detached at rear
of tractor used for
transportation of Garbage,
Stone, bricks, Sand, Grains,
etc, with lower cost than a
conventional dump truck.
Hydraulic Tipping Trolleys
can be economical
alternative.
50. Cultivator
Specifications
Frame Type Pipe Set and Z Type
Number of Tines 9,11 & 13
Linkage Category I & II
Working Depth 229 mm
Tine Spacing 229 mm to 254 mm
HP Compatibility 50 to 85 HP
Ideal for general cultivating, weeding,
pasture renovating and preparation of
seed beds for different crops. The tiller
is fully mounted on tractor by means of
category I & II with 3 point linkage.
The spring loaded tines swing back
under breakaway pressure, pass over
the obstruction and return to the
working position without affecting the
depth of the implement
51. Disc Harrow
SPECIFICATIONS:
No. of Discs 16 Discs 18 Discs
Disc Size 61 cm (24") 61
cm (24")
Weight 685 Kgs 770 Kgs
Working Width 167.5 cm (66")
167.5 cm (66")
Tractor Compatibility 75-85 HP
75-85 HP
The Disc Harrow prepares for the
seed-bed leaving the soil in granular
form which is the most suitable
structure for plant growth. It aerates
the soil, helps to conserve moisture
for longer periods and eradicate
weeds
52. Disc Plough
Specifications:
Frame Type Tunular Seamless Steel
Pipe Furrow Wheel dial
508 mm
Number of furrow2,2 + 1, 3,3 +1 Plain discs
660 mm - inside or outside bevel
Furrow Width 254 mmBearings
Taper Roller
Max. working depth 300 mmWeight
360 kg (3 Furrows)
Longitudinal clearance 522 mmTractor
Compatibility 55 to 85 HP
Spring loaded floating rear furrow wheel
controls the side draft to ensure straight
work and ease of handling by smaller
tractor.
Re-greasable Taper Roller Bearings in disc
hubs.
Disc angle adjustable to vary the
penetration with varying soil conditions.
53. Mould Board Plough
Number of Furrow 3
Max. Depth 25 cms
Working Width 90 cms
Weight 355 Kg
Tractor
Compatibility
50 Plus HP
Linkage Category II
pecifications:
Also available in 2,3 and 4 furrows to be used with respect to Tractor hp.
The most important plough for primary tillage in canal
irrigated or heavy rain areas where too much weeds
grow. The objective for ploughing with a Mould Board
is to completely invert and pulverize the soil up-root
all weeds, trash and crop residues and bury them
under the soil.
54. Potato Digger
This is used to digg the
potato cultivated on
furrows and also on flat
sowing. HP compatibility
is 75 to 85 hp tractor.
Injury free digging of
potatoes enhance the
storage of potatoes