Toward Transparent Coexistence for Multihop Secondary Cognitive Radio Networks

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Abstract:
The dominate spectrum sharing paradigm of today is interference avoidance,
where a secondary network can use the spectrum only when such a use is not
interfering with the primary network. However, with the advances of physical layer
technologies, the mindset of this paradigm is being challenged. System explores a
new paradigm called “transparent coexistence” for spectrum sharing between
primary and secondary nodes in a multi hop network environment. Under this
paradigm, the secondary network is allowed to use the same spectrum
simultaneously with the primary network as long as their activities are
“transparent” (or “invisible”) to the primary network. Our system focusing the
paradigm in a multi hop network environment and addresses issues such as
scheduling (both in frequency channels and time slots) and IC (to/from primary
network and within the secondary network).

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Introduction:
In the information theory (IT) community, there is a strong interest in
exploring information theoretic limit of CR. In particular, researchers have been
exploring the potential of simultaneous activation of a secondary network with the
primary network, as long as the interference produced by secondary nodes can be
properly “controlled” by the secondary nodes.
Secondary nodes are allowed to access the spectrum as long as they can
cancel their interference to the primary nodes in such a way that the primary nodes
do not feel the presence of the secondary nodes. In other words, activities by the
secondary nodes are made transparent (or “invisible”) to the primary nodes. The
idea of the transparent coexistence paradigm has been explored in the IT
community, results from the IT and communications (COMM) communities have
mainly limited to very simple network settings, e.g., several nodes or link pairs, all
for single-hop communications.
The more difficult problem of how transparent coexistence can be achieved
in a multi-hop secondary network remains open. The problem complexity
associated with multi-hop CR networks is much higher than single-hop CR
networks. To date, there are no prior results on transparent coexistence for a multi-
hop CR networks.

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Existing System:
The existing system construct with simple representation of MIMO can be
built upon the so called degree-of-freedom (DoF). Simply put, the total number of
DoFs at a node (no more than the number of antenna elements) represents the
available resources at the node. A DoF can be used for either data
transmission/reception or IC. Typically, transmitting one data stream requires one
DoF at a transmitter and one DoF at its receiver. SM refers to the scenario where
multiple DoFs are used to transmit multiple data streams, thus substantially
increasing data throughput between the two nodes. On the other hand, IC refers to
a node’s capability to use some of its DoFs to cancel interference, either as a
transmitter or as a receiver.
Disadvantages:
 The algorithm design and protocol implementation does not optimize
secondary cognitive radios users’ and their performance while ensuring that
their activities will not interfere with the primary users.
 Interference produced by secondary nodes cannot be controlled.
 Nodes cannot obtain Channel State Information by itself.

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Proposed System:
Our system design and derive the mathematical model for the transparent
coexistence paradigm where both the primary and secondary networks are multi-
hop. Based on this model, a throughput maximization problem will solved and
presents an efficient solution algorithm. Also our simulation results and
demonstrates the significant improvement in spectrum access and throughput
performance under the transparent coexistence paradigm. A simple representation
of MIMO can be built upon the so be called degree-of-freedom (DoF) concept.
The total number of DoFs at a node (no more than the number of antenna
elements) represents the available resources at the node. A DoF can be used for
either data transmission/reception or IC. Typically, transmitting one data stream
requires one DoF at a transmitter and one DoF at its receiver.
Spatial multiplexing refers to the scenario where multiple DoFs are used to
transmit multiple data streams, thus substantially increasing data throughput
between the two nodes. On the other hand, IC refers to a node’s capability to use
some of its DoFs to cancel interference, either as a transmitter or as a receiver.
MIMO node’s ability to use a subset of its DoFs to cancel interference,
while to use the remaining subset of DoFs for data transmission allows the
possibility of simultaneous activation of the secondary nodes with the primary
nodes.

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A secondary transmit node needs to cancel its interference to all neighboring
primary receive nodes who are interfered by this secondary transmitter; a
secondary receive node needs to cancel interference from all neighboring primary
transmit nodes that interfere with this secondary receiver. To achieve transparency
to the primary nodes, it is important for the secondary nodes to have accurate
channel state information (CSI).
Advantages:
 Each primary node, it typically sends out a pilot sequence to its neighboring
primary nodes so that those primary nodes can estimate the CSI.
 Coexistence can be achieved successfully for a multi-hop secondary
network.
 Our system implementation demonstrates the transparent coexistence
paradigm and that offers significant improvement in spectrum access and
throughput performance over the existing prevailing interference avoidance
paradigm.

Toward Transparent Coexistence for Multihop Secondary Cognitive Radio Networks

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