2. TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS ARE CONFRONTED WITH A VAST
FIELD OF COMPLEX AIMS, REQUIRING DIFFERENT PLANS OF
ACTION.
THE SPECIAL WORKING REQUIREMENTS OF THE SERVICES
SECTOR ARE A RESULT OF ITS BUSINESS PECULIARITIES.
PROBLEMS IN STRATEGIC, AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING,
ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THEIR COMPLEXITY
(INTERMINGLED, NON-TRANSPARENT, INDIVIDUALISTICALLY
DYNAMIC AND REQUIRING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MULTIPLE
GOALS).
THE VAST AMOUNT OF INFORMATION CAN PRESENT AN
INSURMOUNTABLE PROBLEM FOR HUMAN RESOURCES.
HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF DECISION-MAKERS’ TROUBLE-
SHOOTING ABILITIES.
3. IN ORDER TO SOLVE COMPLEX PROBLEMS, DECISION-MAKERS
NEED TO HAVE A:
• FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDUSTRY (DECLARATIVE
KNOWLEDGE), AND
• THE METHODOLOGY USED (PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE).
THE WEALTH OF KNOWLEDGE IS DRAWN FROM TWO POOLS:
• FROM THE “STORAGE” OF ALREADY EXISTING EXPERIENCES,
AND
• BY GENERATING KNOWLEDGE IN THE RESPECTIVE FIELD.
COMBINING THESE TWO POOLS CREATES AN ARENA FOR
PROBLEM SOLVING.
4. INFORMATION ON MARKETS
AND ENVIRONMENT,
INFORMATION ON CUSTOMER
BEHAVIOR,
INFORMATION ON
COMPETITION IN THE
INDUSTRY, AND
INTERNAL INFORMATION FOR
EXECUTIVE BOARDS.
5. 1. EACH CHANNEL IN THE SYSTEM
HAS ITS OWN FUNCTION.
2. ALL THE INFORMATION CHANNELS
USED IN THE SYSTEM RELATE TO
EACH OTHER.
3. ALL CHANNELS USED IN THE
SYSTEM ARE INTERDEPENDENT.
SUMBER: Ellsworth & Ellsworth, 1996; Helnen, 1996.
7. 1. COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEM (CRS)
2. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (GDS)
3. DESTINATION MARKETING SYSTEM (DMS)
4. MARKETING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
(MDSS)
5. E-COMMERCE AND TOURISM MARKETING
6. TOURISM INFORMATION SYSTEM (TIS)
MANAGEMENT
8. ARE AN ESSENTIAL MEANS FOR:
EFFECTIVE TOURISM MARKETING,
AND
IMPROVING QUALITY OF SERVICES
OF TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS.
9. COMPRISES:
1. A DATABASE CONTAINING TOURISM MARKET
RESEARCH DATA (DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE),
2. VARIOUS PROGRAM MODULES (METHOD-BASE,
PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE) CONVERTING
ACKNOWLEDGED METHODS/MODELS INTO SIMPLE
SURFACES, AND
3. VARIOUS ADMINISTRATIVE PROGRAMMES WHICH
ASSIST THE MAINTENANCE OF THE DATA-BASE
AND TRACK AND CONTROL THE INFORMATION
SEARCH BEHAVIOUR OF USERS.
