The document discusses various topics related to tourism management. It defines different types of tourism such as social tourism, educational tourism, and political tourism. It also defines important forms of tourism like adventure tourism, cultural tourism, ecotourism, and medical tourism. The document discusses how tourism impacts economies and provides definitions for key tourism-related terms. It also classifies tourism into categories like recreational, cultural, sports/adventure, health, and convention tourism.

1. TOURISM MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
 PHOTO ( MANY OR MULTIPLE)

2. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM

3. SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM
 Social tourism is about travelling to places where social welfare activities taking place. It's about visiting
non-profit projects, a study tour or volunteering to give back to the society. Social tourism initiatives tend
to facilitate access to tourism for groups who would otherwise be financially unable to participate in
holidays.
 The tourism products offered in social tourism vary between individual and group holidays, and day
trips. This paper presents the findings of an exploratory, qualitative study with social tourism
beneficiaries and social support workers, which explores via interviews and focus groups how these
different tourism products can be tailored most effectively to the needs to the beneficiaries.
 Educational tourism also called as edu-tourism is a sub type of the travel and tourism sector.
Educational tourism could be referred to as an approach for pursuing education, carrying out
research activities and knowledge acquisition. This sector is acquiring popularity these days and is
a fast growing sub-sector in the travel and tourism industry. As far as academics are concerned,
this sector has vast scope and is changing the dynamics of the sector constantly; it is more of a
perspective type of tourism. Educational tourism is also called by other names such as job
development, career enhancement or self-actualisation experience. The idea is that apart from
self-improvement, travel can be relaxation, learning can be more fun than ever and there is no age
bar restricting people from learning by travelling (this does not include people who wish to travel
for educational purposes but are unable to travel due to health problems).

4. SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM
 Educational cruises, school trips, seminar vacations, study abroad experiences and self
enhancement vacations are few examples of educational tourism. Knowledge can be
imparted in a much better manner apart from sitting in one corner and reading books.
Practicality is far better than theory. Educational tourism does not depend upon weather; a
proper infrastructure should be in place and you are good to go! The main focus is to apply
the knowledge and skills learnt within the classroom environment in a totally diverse
environment, like the “International Practicum Training Program”. The structure of
educational tourism recognises three aspects – the science of tourism, the science of
education and the aspects of the external environment. Implementation of educational
excursions that provide good opportunities for the development of students by enhancing
their research and observation skills to broaden their experience is the most popular from of
educational tourism. It helps in developing a scientific approach towards the world and a
responsible and conscious attitude towards nature and the environment. Tourism is actually
travel for pleasure or business.
 Tourism has a major impact on any individual economy, and the global economy as a
whole. ... Travel and tourism contributes to 51% of the total employment of the country.
Seychelles travel and Tourism contributes to 24.7% of the total GDP. About 26.3% of the
total employed people are engaged in tourism activities.

5. SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM
 By 'political tourism' we mean journeys with a political purpose, politically arranged journeys and
journeys to political destinations. Political tourism may include for example journeys made in the
name of solidarity, journeys arranged by political organizations or interest groups, the tours of
political delegations to the new utopia in the east, or journeys involving active participation in
civil wars or in anti-imperialist action. It may also include for example trips made by homosexuals
to Berlin in the 1920s. Political tourism is thus broadly defined, in relation to travelers and their
destinations, to the meanings of the journeys, and to the sources where the travel experiences are
described.

6. TYPES OF TOURISM
TOURISM
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DOMESTIC TOURISM
INBOUND TOURISM OUTBOUND TOURISM

7. INBOUND TOURISM
This refers to tourists of outside origin entering a
particular country. When people travel outside their
host/native country to another country, then it is
called inbound tourism for that country where he/she
is traveling. For example when a tourist from Indian
origin travels to Armenia then it is Inbound tourism
for Armenia because foreign tourist comes to Armenia.

8. OUTBOUND TOURISM
This refers to tourists traveling from the country of
their origin to another country. When tourists travel a
foreign region than it is outbound tourism for his own
country because he/she is going outside their country.
For example when a tourist from India travel to
Armenia then it is outbound tourism for India and
Inbound tourism for Armenia.

9. DOMESTIC TOURISM
 The tourism activity of the people within their own
country is known as domestic tourism. Traveling
within the same country is easier because it does not
require formal travel documents and tedious
formalities like compulsory health checks and
foreign exchange. In domestic tourism, a traveler
generally does not face many language problems or
currency exchange issues.

10. IMPORTANT FORMS OF TOURISM
 Adventure Tourism
 Atomic Tourism
 Bicycle Tours
 Beach Tourism
 Cultural Tourism
 Ecotourism
 Geotourism
 Industrial Tourism
 Medical Tourism
 Religious Tourism
 Rural Tourism
 Sex Tourism
 Space Tourism
 Sports Tourism
 Sustainable Tourism
 Virtual Tourism
 War Tourism
 Wildlife Tourism

11. DEFINATION
 Adventure tourism is defined as the movement of the people from one to another place
outside their comfort zone for exploration or travel to remote areas, exotic and possibly
hostile areas. Adventure tourism is a type of tourism in which tourist do some adventures
activities like as skydiving, hill climbing, scuba diving.
 According to Muller and Cleaver, “Adventure tourism is characterized by its ability to provide
the tourist with relatively high levels of sensory stimulation, usually achieved by including
physically challenging experiential components with the tourist experience.”
 Atomic tourism is a relatively new type of tourism in which visitors learn about the Atomic Age
by traveling to significant sites in atomic history such as museums with atomic weapons, vehicles
that carried atomic weapons or sites where atomic weapons were detonated.
 Bicycle tourism can encompass many things, but has been defined by the Path Less
Pedaled as “any travel-related activity for the purpose of pleasure which incorporates a
bicycle.”
 Bicycle travel/touring: Independently-organized, multi-day bicycle tours.
 Examples: Bike overnights, Adventure Cycling routes, long distance trails like the Katy Trail
 Events: Organized rides, tours, and races.
 Examples: Cyclocross races, tours like RAGBRAI or Cycle Oregon, Tour de France

12. DEFINITION
 Destination riding: Rides centered around a particular destination or niche attraction.
 Examples: Utah's slick rock mountain biking, touring California’s wine country, or fat biking
in Minnesota
 Day rides and urban cycling: Often spontaneous day tours of local/urban attractions.
 Examples: bike share, urban brewery tours, “Slow Roll” rides
A beach is a landform along the coast of an ocean, sea, lake or river. It usually consists of loose
particles, which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles or
cobblestones. The particles comprising a beach are occasionally biological in origin, such as
mollusc shells or coralline algae. Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard
posts, changing rooms and showers. They may also have hospitality venues {such as resorts,
camps etc. nearby.
 Cultural tourism is the act of travellers visiting particular destinations in order to experience and
learn about a particular culture. This can include many activities such as; attending events and
festivals, visiting museums and tasting the local food and drinks.
 Cultural tourism can also be an unintentional part of the tourism experience, whereby cultural
immersion (with the local people, their language, customs, cuisine etc) is an inevitable part of a
person’s holiday.

13. DEFINITION
 Ecotourism is now defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment,
sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education” (TIES,
2015). Education is meant to be inclusive of both staff and guests.
 Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities, and sustainable travel. This
means that those who implement, participate in and market ecotourism activities should
adopt the following ecotourism principles:
 Minimize physical, social, behavioral, and psychological impacts.
 Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect.
 Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts.
 Provide direct financial benefits for conservation.
 Generate financial benefits for both local people and private industry.
 Deliver memorable interpretative experiences to visitors that help raise sensitivity to host
countries’ political, environmental, and social climates.
 Design, construct and operate low-impact facilities.
 Recognize the rights and spiritual beliefs of the Indigenous People in your community
and work in partnership with them to create empowerment.

14. DEFINITION
 Geotourism is that tourism which sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place—its
environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents.”
 Industrial tourism means the second life given to abandoned factory or ruined constructed former
sites or plants, these had become home to visitors as gallery like museums, cafes, restaurants,
public organizations(library, sports clubs, exhibition halls etc.)
 "Medical tourism" refers to traveling to another country for medical care. It's estimated that
thousands of US residents travel abroad for care each year. Many factors influence the decision to
seek medical care overseas. Some people travel for care because treatment is cheaper in another
country. Others may be immigrants to the United States who prefer to return to their home country
for health care. Still others may travel to receive a procedure or therapy not available in the United
States. The most common procedures that people undergo on medical tourism trips include
cosmetic surgery, dentistry, and heart surgery.
 If you are planning to travel to another country for medical care, see a travel medicine provider at
least 4–6 weeks before the trip to discuss general information for healthy travel and to learn about
specific risks related to the procedure and to travel before and after the procedure.
 Make sure that any current medical conditions you have are well controlled, and that your regular
health care provider knows about your plans for travel and medical care overseas.

15. DEFINITION
 Check the qualifications of the health care providers who will be doing the procedure and the
credentials of the facility where the procedure will be done. Remember that foreign standards for
health care providers and facilities may be different from those of the United States. Accrediting
groups, including Joint Commission International, DNV International Accreditation for Hospitals,
and the International Society for Quality in Healthcare, have lists of standards that facilities need
to meet to be accredited.
 Make sure you have a written agreement with the health care facility or the group arranging the
trip, defining what treatments, supplies, and care are covered by the costs of the trip.
 If you go to a country where you do not speak the language, determine ahead of time how you will
communicate with your doctor and other people who are caring for you.
 Take with you copies of your medical records that include the lab and other studies done related to
the condition for which you are obtaining care and any allergies you may have.
 Bring copies of all your prescriptions and a list of all the medicines you take, including their brand
names, generic names, manufacturers, and dosages.
 Arrange for follow-up care with your local health care provider before you leave.
 Before planning vacation activities, such as sunbathing, drinking alcohol, swimming, or taking
long tours, find out if those activities are permitted after surgery.
 Get copies of all your medical records before you return home.

16. DEFINITION
 Religious tourism has taken place since the dawn of civilization. Pilgrims travelled to pay homage
to the sacred places and their guardians throughout the world. Tourism to sacred sites has merged
with pilgrimage in the past 2,000 years and, more recently, in the past two hundred years wealthy
Europeans visited special sites of sacred ritual in both the New World and throughout Europe.
 Rural tourism is tourism which takes place in non-urbanised areas. These areas typically include
(but are not limited to) national parks, forests, countryside areas and mountain areas.
 Rural tourism is closely aligned with the concept of sustainable tourism, given that it is inherently
linked to green spaces and commonly environmentally-friendly forms of tourism, such as hiking
or camping
 “Sex tourism” is defined as travel planned specifically for the purpose of sex, generally to a
country where sex work is legal.”
 Space tourism is another niche segment of the aviation industry that seeks to give tourists the
ability to become astronauts and experience space travel for recreational, leisure, or business
purposes. Since space tourism is extremely expensive, it is a case of a very small segment of
consumers that are able and willing to purchase a space experience. There are several options for
space tourists.

17. DEFINITION
 For example, Crouch et al. (2009) investigate the choice behavior between four types of space
tourism: high altitude jet fighter flights, atmospheric zero-gravity flights, short-duration suborbital
flights, and longer duration orbital trips into space. Reddy et al. (2012) find the following
motivational factors behind space tourism (in order of importance): vision of earth from space,
weightlessness, high speed experience, unusual experience, and scientific contribution. Currently,
only high-altitude jet fighter flights and atmospheric zero-gravity flights are commercially
available to tourists in the space tourism sector.
 Sports tourism is traveling from one region, country, state, etc. to another in order to watch a
sports competition or game. The types of sports tourism consumers vary from sport to sport. The
most generalized statistics are that most sports tourists are males between the ages of 18 and 34,
and they are in the middle-class economic groups.
 “Sustainable tourism is tourism which develops as quickly as possible, taking account of current
accommodation capacity, the local population, and the environment. The development of tourism
and new investment in the tourism sector should not detract from tourism itself. New tourism
facilities should be integrated with the environment.”

18. DEFINITION
 The term virtual experiences describes “physical” or “real” experiences that are recreated or
mediated through the use of technology. We’re not talking about a technological experience, but a
technological version of something that you can experience in real life. One creates the illusion of
being present by using a digital medium. We can probably distinguish between virtual experiences
and virtual reality (virtual reality/VR) where the experience lies in the technology itself. Virtual
tourism or virtual tourism experiences is the use of technology to artificially create or enhance an
experience for tourists.
 War tourism, or dark tourism and even slum tourism is on the rise from a growing consumer
demand for access to the realities behind the images, sounds and stories that are sent through TV
screens, social media or press.
 War tourism may seem unethical to many people but in the Balkans, it is a popular activity. One of
the most famous sites is the Stari Most in Mostar, the cultural capital of Herzegovina. Every year,
dozens of people visit the city greatly affected by the wars in the Balkans –Italians, Germans,
Turks, and Iranians – they all come to explore the historical place.
 Wildlife tourism refers to the observation and interaction with local animal and plant life in their
natural habitats. It encompasses segments such as eco-tourism, safari tours and mountain tourism
among others. Wildlife watching tourism occurs mainly in protected areas. Nature, national parks
and wildlife are considered the most important tourism assets for tourists travelling for instance to
Africa.

19. DEFINITION
 Wildlife represents biodiversity, essential for our health and the well-being of the whole planet.
We live in an interconnected ecological system, where each macro- and microorganism, whether
animal, plant or fish affects the other. Alteration of the natural habitat of any organism will trigger
a dynamo effect, so non-equilibrium in the ecological system as a whole endangers the life cycle
of many species. Around 40,000 species of animals, fungi and plants benefit humans.
 Farm tourism involves : ecotourism, adventure, the organic and home made traditional cultivated
farmed based quality food products like spices, vegetables, dryfruits, ayurvedic holistic therapies
and medicines, yoga and meditation are included which promotes the cultural heritage.

20. CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM
 Tourism can be classified into six distinct categories according to the purpose of travel. These are
following as:
 1) Recreational: Recreational or leisure tourism takes a person away from the humdrum of
everyday life. In this case, people spend their leisure time at the hills, sea beaches, etc.
 2) Cultural: Cultural tourism satisfies cultural and intellectual curiosity and involves visits to
ancient monuments, places of historical or religious importance, etc.
 3) Sports/Adventure: Trips have taken by people with a view to playing golf, skiing and hiking,
fall within this category.
 4) Health: Under this category, people travel for medical, treatment or visit places where there are
curative possibilities, for example, hot springs, spa yoga, etc.
 5) Convention Tourism: It is becoming an increasingly important component of travel. People
travel within a country or overseas to attend conventions relating to their business, profession or
interest.
 6) Incentive Tourism: Holiday trips are offered as incentives by major companies to dealers and
salesmen who achieve high targets in sales. This is a new and expanding phenomenon in tourism,
These are in lieu of cash incentives or gifts, Today incentive tourism is a 3 billion dollar business
in the USA alone.

21. TOURISM DEMAND AND SUPPLY
 Tourism as a socio-economic phenomenon comprises the activities and experiences of
tourists and visitors away from their home environment and serviced by the travel and
tourism industry and host destination. The sum total of this activity experience and services
can be seen as a tourism product.
 The tourism system can be described in terms of supply and demand. Tourism planning
should strive for a balance between demands and supply. This requires an understanding not
only of market characteristics and trends but also of the planning process to meet the market
needs.
 Often tourist from core generating markets are identified as the demand side; the supply side
includes all facilities, programs, attraction, and land uses designed and managed for the
visitors. These supply-side factors may be under the control of private enterprise, non-profit
organizations, and government. New and innovative forms of partnerships are also evolving
to ensure the sustainable development and management of tourism related resources.
 The supply and demand side can be seen to be linked by flows of resources such as capital,
labor, goods and tourist expenditures into the destination, and flows of marketing,
promotion, tourist artifacts and experiences from the destination back into the tourist
generating region.

22. TOURISM DEMAND AND SUPPLY
 Tourism and hospitality, which are inextricably linked to each other, are among the major
revenue-earning enterprises in the world. They happen to be among the top employers too. There
has been an upmarket trend in tourism over the last few decades as travel has become quite
common. People travel for business, vacation, pleasure, adventure or even medical treatments.
 With several business-related activities associated with tourism, the industry has a tremendous
potential of generating employment as well as earning foreign exchange. There are many
countries in the world, such as Mauritius, Malaysia, Singapore, Fiji, and the Caribbean, whose
economies are primarily driven by tourism. Tourism can contribute to the economic growth of a
country in the followings ways:
 Employment Generation
It creates a large number of jobs among direct services providers (such as hotel,
restaurants, travel agencies, tour operators, guide and tour escorts, etc.) and among indirect
services providers (such as suppliers to the hotels and restaurants, supplementary
accommodation, etc.)

23. TOURISM LANDSCAPE
 Infrastructure Development
Tourism spurs infrastructure development. In order to become an important commercial or pleasure
destination, any location would require all the necessary infrastructure, like good connectivity via
rail, road, and air transport, adequate accommodation, restaurants, a well-developed
telecommunication network, and, medical facilities, among others.
 Foreign Exchange
The people who travel to other countries spend a large amount of money on accommodation,
transportation, sightseeing, shopping etc. Thus, an inbound tourist is an important source of foreign
exchange for any country.
 The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) predict in 1997 that the twenty-first-century
economy would be dominated by three industries: telecommunications, information technology,
and tourism. The travel and tourism industry has grown by 500 percent in the last 25 years.
Now withstanding this bright outlook and prospects, the tourism and hospitality industries are very
vulnerable to the fluctuations of national economies and happenings in the world, especially terrorist
attacks that have at times dealt severe blows to business.

24. TOURISM LANDSCAPE
 A travel agency is a retailing business that sells travel related products and services, particularly
package tours, to customers on the behalf of suppliers such as airlines, car rentals, cruise liners,
hotels, railways, and sightseeing.
 Travel agencies play a very important role as they plan out the itinerary of their clients and make
the necessary arrangements for their travel, stay, and sightseeing, besides facilitating their
passport, visa, etc.
 Tour Operators
 A tour operator assembles the various elements of a tour. It typically combines tour and travel
components to create a holiday. Tour operators play an important role in the travel and tourism
industry.
 Tourist Destinations
 A tourist attraction is a place of interest for tourists, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural
value, historical significance, nature or build beauty or amusement opportunities. These are the
basic fundamentals of the tourism industry.

25. TOURISM LANDSCAPE
 Cultural Industries
 Cultural or creative industries are responsible for the creation, production, and distribution of
goods and services that are cultural in nature and usually protected by intellectual property rights.
As tourists like to visit places of cultural significance and soak in the culture of the area, the
cultural industry is very important to travel and tourism.
 Leisure, Recreation, and Sport
 Leisure or free time is a period of a time spent out of work and essential domestic activity.
Recreation or fun is spending time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of body or
mind. While leisure is more like a form of entertainment or rest, recreation requires active
participation in a refreshing and diverting manner.
 As people in the world’s wealthier regions lead an increasingly sedentary lifestyle, the need for
recreation has increased. These play a significant role in the travel and tourism sector.

26. TOURISM LANDSCAPE
 Tourism Products
 A tourism/tourist product can be defined as the sum of the physical and psychological satisfaction
it provides to tourists, during their ‘traveling and sojourn’ en route at the destinations.
 Since travel and tourism industry is an agglomeration of too many sectors that promote travel
related services. These sectors are referred to as travel vendors and their services and goods are
called ‘travel products’. A tourism product includes five main components such as physical plant,
services, hospitality, freedom of choice, and a sense of involvement.
 Thus, whatever the natural and man-made resources, services brought about the consumption of
tourists is called tourism products.

27. TOURISM INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTION

28. MULTI DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL ACADEMY