Assiut is a city located in central Egypt along the Nile River known for its rich cultural and historical attractions dating back to ancient Egyptian, Roman, Coptic, Islamic, and modern times. It features many well-preserved pharaonic tombs and monuments, Coptic monasteries carved into rock cliffs, and historic mosques and Islamic structures. Assiut also has modern universities, parks, and infrastructure making it a popular tourism destination in Egypt where visitors can experience rural village life along the Nile.
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is the mosque established by the prophet Muhammad in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. It was originally a simple structure built after Muhammad migrated from Mecca but has since been greatly expanded. Over centuries, Islamic rulers enlarged the mosque, and the Ottomans completely remodeled it, increasing its size to accommodate over half a million worshippers. Today it remains one of the largest and most important mosques in the world for Muslims.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
The document summarizes two case studies on mosques in Kerala - the mosques in Kuttichira and the Cheraman Mosque in Kodungallur.
In Kuttichira, the unique mosque architecture was influenced by local styles and built by local artisans. Notable mosques discussed include the Muchundi Mosque, the oldest in Calicut built in the 13th century, and the four-storied Mishkal Mosque built in the 14th century.
The Cheraman Mosque in Kodungallur is believed to be the oldest mosque in India, constructed in the 7th century. It discusses the oral tradition surrounding its founding and documents historic artifacts that remain in
The Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey was commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I in 1609 and completed in 1616. It was built on the site of the Byzantine imperial palace and hippodrome facing Hagia Sophia, combining Ottoman and Byzantine architectural styles. The mosque interior features over 20,000 handmade ceramic tiles and has a large central dome surrounded by four smaller domes and six minarets. It was the last great mosque of the classical period of the Ottoman Empire and remains one of the most impressive monuments in Istanbul.
Architecture is to study about the art of plan and design of buildings like palaces,fort,temples,secular and religious buildings.In this slide deals about Muslim architecture in India. Indo-Islamic art and architecture laid foundation to Indian Culture.
This document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture from the 7th century to present. It discusses key restrictions on images in Islamic tradition and how art forms developed without figural representation. Architecture is summarized, including important mosques like the Dome of the Rock, Great Mosque of Kairouan, and Alhambra. Luxury art forms like calligraphy, manuscript illustration, and carpets are also summarized.
The Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia is the holiest site in Islam. It was originally constructed by Abraham and Ishmael as a place of monotheistic worship. Over time, it housed pagan idols until Muhammad cleansed it of idolatry in the 7th century CE. Since then, it has undergone many renovations to accommodate growing numbers of pilgrims. Today, it remains a cubical structure draped in cloth and is the focal point for Muslims' five daily prayers and the hajj pilgrimage, one of the five pillars of Islam.
Jerusalem is a historically and religiously significant city located in the Judean Mountains. It is considered holy in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The document discusses the major Islamic architectural sites in Jerusalem, including the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. It describes the architectural features and historical periods of development for each site. Key periods discussed are the early Islamic period after the Arab conquest, the Crusader period when sites were converted to churches, and the Ottoman period when many renovations occurred. The architectural styles and building materials used in each period are also summarized.
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is the mosque established by the prophet Muhammad in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. It was originally a simple structure built after Muhammad migrated from Mecca but has since been greatly expanded. Over centuries, Islamic rulers enlarged the mosque, and the Ottomans completely remodeled it, increasing its size to accommodate over half a million worshippers. Today it remains one of the largest and most important mosques in the world for Muslims.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
The document summarizes two case studies on mosques in Kerala - the mosques in Kuttichira and the Cheraman Mosque in Kodungallur.
In Kuttichira, the unique mosque architecture was influenced by local styles and built by local artisans. Notable mosques discussed include the Muchundi Mosque, the oldest in Calicut built in the 13th century, and the four-storied Mishkal Mosque built in the 14th century.
The Cheraman Mosque in Kodungallur is believed to be the oldest mosque in India, constructed in the 7th century. It discusses the oral tradition surrounding its founding and documents historic artifacts that remain in
The Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey was commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I in 1609 and completed in 1616. It was built on the site of the Byzantine imperial palace and hippodrome facing Hagia Sophia, combining Ottoman and Byzantine architectural styles. The mosque interior features over 20,000 handmade ceramic tiles and has a large central dome surrounded by four smaller domes and six minarets. It was the last great mosque of the classical period of the Ottoman Empire and remains one of the most impressive monuments in Istanbul.
Architecture is to study about the art of plan and design of buildings like palaces,fort,temples,secular and religious buildings.In this slide deals about Muslim architecture in India. Indo-Islamic art and architecture laid foundation to Indian Culture.
This document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture from the 7th century to present. It discusses key restrictions on images in Islamic tradition and how art forms developed without figural representation. Architecture is summarized, including important mosques like the Dome of the Rock, Great Mosque of Kairouan, and Alhambra. Luxury art forms like calligraphy, manuscript illustration, and carpets are also summarized.
The Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia is the holiest site in Islam. It was originally constructed by Abraham and Ishmael as a place of monotheistic worship. Over time, it housed pagan idols until Muhammad cleansed it of idolatry in the 7th century CE. Since then, it has undergone many renovations to accommodate growing numbers of pilgrims. Today, it remains a cubical structure draped in cloth and is the focal point for Muslims' five daily prayers and the hajj pilgrimage, one of the five pillars of Islam.
Jerusalem is a historically and religiously significant city located in the Judean Mountains. It is considered holy in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The document discusses the major Islamic architectural sites in Jerusalem, including the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. It describes the architectural features and historical periods of development for each site. Key periods discussed are the early Islamic period after the Arab conquest, the Crusader period when sites were converted to churches, and the Ottoman period when many renovations occurred. The architectural styles and building materials used in each period are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture from its origins to the early period between 640-900 CE. It discusses key figures like the Prophet Muhammad and the early caliphates of the Umayyads and Abbasids. Important early works of architecture are highlighted, including the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, considered one of the oldest surviving buildings from the Islamic world. The hypostyle Great Mosque of Cordoba is also mentioned as an example of early mosque architecture from the period of Muslim rule in Spain.
This document provides an overview of an assignment on Islamic art for students Usama Tariq and Umar Waqar. It discusses the history of Islamic art over different dynasties from the Umayyad to the Ottomans and Mughals. It also covers the main contents of Islamic art including calligraphy, painting, rugs, ceramics, glass, metalwork, and how art reflected Islamic beliefs in beauty.
The document discusses the Provincial Style of Indo-Islamic Architecture, which encompasses architectural developments in various provincial capitals in India between the 12th-17th centuries. It provides examples and details of provincial styles that developed in regions such as Bengal, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Malwa, and Bijapur. For each region, significant architectural structures are described, such as the Jami Masjid mosques in Ahmedabad and Champanir in Gujarat, the Atala Masjid and Jami Masjid in Jaunpur, mosques and tombs in Mandu in Malwa, and the Deccani style prominent in Bijapur.
The document provides an overview of Islamic art from 650 CE to the present. It discusses key ideas such as the importance of calligraphy and mosques facing Mecca. Major architectural works are summarized, including the Dome of the Rock featuring Byzantine influences, the Great Mosque of Cordoba with double arches, and the Alhambra's intricate muqarnas ceiling decorations. The Taj Mahal is highlighted as a masterpiece commemorating Shah Jahan's wife. Persian manuscripts are also summarized as illustrated books that married text and calligraphy. The document covers historical and religious context for Islamic art traditions.
The document provides information about Islamic architecture from the 7th century onwards, including its defining characteristics and prominent styles. Mosques are discussed as the central religious building in Islamic architecture, along with other common building types. Specific architectural elements of mosques are outlined, such as minarets, domes, and mihrabs. Decorative elements like geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy are also described. Two prominent examples—the Mosque of Sultan Hassan in Cairo and the Mosque of Córdoba in Spain—are discussed in more detail to illustrate the architectural features and historical backgrounds.
Evolution of mosques in indo islamic architrcture by vamsi maddimaddi vamsi krishna
The document traces the evolution of mosque architecture in India from the earliest mosques built after the arrival of Islam, through various dynasties including the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals. Early mosques were simple in plan and design out of necessity, incorporating local materials and techniques. Persian influences introduced elements like arches and domes. Over time, under different rulers and craftsmen, mosques took on regional variations in style while also borrowing from other places like Persia. Key developments included the introduction of the hypostyle prayer hall, four-iwan plan, single nave prayer halls, and increased use of white marble under the Mughals. Mosque architecture reflected the historical and political changes occurring in India.
The document summarizes the general features of a masjid (mosque) based on the original masajid built during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It describes common architectural elements like the minbar (pulpit), musalla (prayer hall), mihrab (niche), maqsura (enclosure around the mihrab), minaret, courtyard, ablution areas, and domes. It explains that while masajid today vary in design, they are generally modeled after the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, which was a simple open-air structure built of basic materials to facilitate worship.
Islamic architecture in India can be divided into three periods: the Arab period from 711-1200 AD, the Sultanate period from 1200-1526 AD, and the Mughal period from 1526-1857 AD. The earliest mosques were built during the Arab period, such as the Grand Mosque at Bhambore from 711 AD which had a square plan and prayer hall supported by wooden columns. During the Sultanate period, tomb architecture advanced with structures like the Tomb of Khaliq Walid from the 12th century and the Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam from 1320-1324, which had octagonal plans and features like squinches and pendentives
This document summarizes and analyzes scholarship on the meaning and purpose of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It discusses how early Islamic sources provide little information about the religious associations and purpose of the building at the time of its construction. Scholars have proposed various interpretations, but the reasons for its construction remain unclear. The document examines early Islamic traditions about the holiness of Jerusalem to understand how its significance was understood when the Dome of the Rock was built. It finds that early traditions derived holiness primarily from Jewish sources and associated Jerusalem with prophets David and Solomon rather than later Islamic figures. This provides context for interpreting the meaning and goals of the monument.
The document discusses several architectural structures from the Lodi dynasty in Delhi, India. It describes the Bara Gumbad, a large domed structure that housed an unknown purpose. It was constructed on a high platform along with a mosque and smaller guest house. It also describes the nearby Shish Gumbad tomb built between 1489-1517 CE in a blended Islamic-Hindu architectural style. Finally, it provides details on the tomb of Sikandar Lodi, the second ruler of the Lodi dynasty, built in 1517-1518 CE in an octagonal design with Mughal influences.
This document provides an outline for a dissertation on Mughal architecture. It includes 5 chapters that will cover: an introduction and methodology; the different styles and phases of Mughal architecture under various emperors; case studies of important buildings like the Taj Mahal and Jama Masjid; and a conclusion. The introduction discusses the aims, objectives, and limitations of studying Mughal architecture. Subsequent chapters will analyze the Red Stone and Marble phases, compare buildings from the reigns of Akbar, Shah Jahan, and others, and closely examine iconic structures.
Mosques are places of worship for followers of Islam. They have varying architectural styles that often include domes, minarets, and a central prayer hall. Key features include the mihrab, which indicates the direction of Mecca, and ablution facilities where people perform ritual cleansing before prayer. Mosques serve as community centers where Muslims can pray together led by an imam. There are rules of cleanliness and dress for visitors, and in most cases non-Muslims are permitted but expected to be respectful.
The Sultan Hassan Mosque and school in Cairo was constructed in 1256 AD for Sultan Hassan bin Mohammad bin Qala'oun as both a mosque and religious school. It is considered the most stylistically compact and unified of all Cairo monuments. The document also briefly describes El Refaai Mosque, Ibn Tooloan Mosque, and includes photos of the Sultan Hassan Mosque interior and a wall from Ibn Tooloan Mosque inscribed with Quranic verses.
Gujarat is a state in western India with a coastline of 1,600 km. The document summarizes the architectural history of Gujarat, focusing on Islamic architecture from three periods. Key structures discussed include the Jami Masjid at Bharuch from the first period, which was constructed using materials from Hindu temples. The second period is characterized by the grand Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad, built in 1423. Major developments occurred in the third period under Sultan Mahmud, including the ornate Bai Hariji's Stepwell from 1499. The document provides details on the design elements of these important historical sites.
Mughal architecture is a style that developed under the Mughal Empire between the 16th and 17th centuries, blending Islamic, Persian, and Indian elements. Key emperors like Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb commissioned many grand buildings, including mosques, tombs, forts, and palaces. The Taj Mahal, built under Shah Jahan, is considered one of the most beautiful structures ever created and exemplifies the peak of Mughal architectural achievement.
The document provides an overview of Mughal architecture during the rule of several Mughal emperors, including Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Jahangir. It discusses some of the most significant architectural legacies of each ruler, such as Babur building mosques in Panipat and Sambhal, Humayun constructing Purana Qila in Delhi, and Akbar commissioning iconic structures like Humayun's Tomb and Fatehpur Sikri. The presentation highlights how Mughal architecture blossomed during Akbar's reign and integrated Persian, Indian and Islamic architectural styles.
The document discusses Indo-Islamic architecture in Gujarat between 1300-1572 AD. It flourished under the Ahmed Shahi dynasty for 250 years, combining local Hindu and Jain architectural styles with Islamic elements. Many early mosques and tombs were built using materials from demolished temples. The architecture can be divided into three periods, with the third period under Sultan Mahmud I considered the peak. Important structures from each period are described like the Jami Masjids of Bharuch, Cambay, Ahmedabad, and the grand Sarkhej Rouza complex. The local builders' skills allowed them to adapt Hindu structural techniques like corbelled domes to mosque design.
Gujarat provincial architecture developed between 1300-1572 AD under the Ahmad Shahi Sultan dynasty. Major developments included the Jami Masjid of Bharuch (early 14th century) which incorporated elements of demolished Hindu temples. The Jami Masjid of Cambay (1325) showed Delhi influences. The peak was the Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad (1423) with its 300 pillars and domed roof. Other notable structures included the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque for its intricate stone jali screens and the leaning Jhulta Minarets of Ahmedabad.
Islamic art reflected religious beliefs without figurative imagery, focusing instead on geometry, calligraphy, and nature. This was influenced by Islam's emphasis on the oneness of God and prohibition of idolatry. Architecture used elements like minarets, mihrabs, and qibla walls to organize prayer and reflect influences from nature and other faiths while distinguishing itself. Ornamentation in tilework and mosaics depicted flowers, plants, and intricate scripts to symbolize paradise and creation.
The document provides an overview of Islamic art and architecture from its origins to the early period between 640-900 CE. It discusses key figures like the Prophet Muhammad and the early caliphates of the Umayyads and Abbasids. Important early works of architecture are highlighted, including the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, considered one of the oldest surviving buildings from the Islamic world. The hypostyle Great Mosque of Cordoba is also mentioned as an example of early mosque architecture from the period of Muslim rule in Spain.
This document provides an overview of an assignment on Islamic art for students Usama Tariq and Umar Waqar. It discusses the history of Islamic art over different dynasties from the Umayyad to the Ottomans and Mughals. It also covers the main contents of Islamic art including calligraphy, painting, rugs, ceramics, glass, metalwork, and how art reflected Islamic beliefs in beauty.
The document discusses the Provincial Style of Indo-Islamic Architecture, which encompasses architectural developments in various provincial capitals in India between the 12th-17th centuries. It provides examples and details of provincial styles that developed in regions such as Bengal, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Malwa, and Bijapur. For each region, significant architectural structures are described, such as the Jami Masjid mosques in Ahmedabad and Champanir in Gujarat, the Atala Masjid and Jami Masjid in Jaunpur, mosques and tombs in Mandu in Malwa, and the Deccani style prominent in Bijapur.
The document provides an overview of Islamic art from 650 CE to the present. It discusses key ideas such as the importance of calligraphy and mosques facing Mecca. Major architectural works are summarized, including the Dome of the Rock featuring Byzantine influences, the Great Mosque of Cordoba with double arches, and the Alhambra's intricate muqarnas ceiling decorations. The Taj Mahal is highlighted as a masterpiece commemorating Shah Jahan's wife. Persian manuscripts are also summarized as illustrated books that married text and calligraphy. The document covers historical and religious context for Islamic art traditions.
The document provides information about Islamic architecture from the 7th century onwards, including its defining characteristics and prominent styles. Mosques are discussed as the central religious building in Islamic architecture, along with other common building types. Specific architectural elements of mosques are outlined, such as minarets, domes, and mihrabs. Decorative elements like geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy are also described. Two prominent examples—the Mosque of Sultan Hassan in Cairo and the Mosque of Córdoba in Spain—are discussed in more detail to illustrate the architectural features and historical backgrounds.
Evolution of mosques in indo islamic architrcture by vamsi maddimaddi vamsi krishna
The document traces the evolution of mosque architecture in India from the earliest mosques built after the arrival of Islam, through various dynasties including the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals. Early mosques were simple in plan and design out of necessity, incorporating local materials and techniques. Persian influences introduced elements like arches and domes. Over time, under different rulers and craftsmen, mosques took on regional variations in style while also borrowing from other places like Persia. Key developments included the introduction of the hypostyle prayer hall, four-iwan plan, single nave prayer halls, and increased use of white marble under the Mughals. Mosque architecture reflected the historical and political changes occurring in India.
The document summarizes the general features of a masjid (mosque) based on the original masajid built during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It describes common architectural elements like the minbar (pulpit), musalla (prayer hall), mihrab (niche), maqsura (enclosure around the mihrab), minaret, courtyard, ablution areas, and domes. It explains that while masajid today vary in design, they are generally modeled after the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, which was a simple open-air structure built of basic materials to facilitate worship.
Islamic architecture in India can be divided into three periods: the Arab period from 711-1200 AD, the Sultanate period from 1200-1526 AD, and the Mughal period from 1526-1857 AD. The earliest mosques were built during the Arab period, such as the Grand Mosque at Bhambore from 711 AD which had a square plan and prayer hall supported by wooden columns. During the Sultanate period, tomb architecture advanced with structures like the Tomb of Khaliq Walid from the 12th century and the Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam from 1320-1324, which had octagonal plans and features like squinches and pendentives
This document summarizes and analyzes scholarship on the meaning and purpose of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It discusses how early Islamic sources provide little information about the religious associations and purpose of the building at the time of its construction. Scholars have proposed various interpretations, but the reasons for its construction remain unclear. The document examines early Islamic traditions about the holiness of Jerusalem to understand how its significance was understood when the Dome of the Rock was built. It finds that early traditions derived holiness primarily from Jewish sources and associated Jerusalem with prophets David and Solomon rather than later Islamic figures. This provides context for interpreting the meaning and goals of the monument.
The document discusses several architectural structures from the Lodi dynasty in Delhi, India. It describes the Bara Gumbad, a large domed structure that housed an unknown purpose. It was constructed on a high platform along with a mosque and smaller guest house. It also describes the nearby Shish Gumbad tomb built between 1489-1517 CE in a blended Islamic-Hindu architectural style. Finally, it provides details on the tomb of Sikandar Lodi, the second ruler of the Lodi dynasty, built in 1517-1518 CE in an octagonal design with Mughal influences.
This document provides an outline for a dissertation on Mughal architecture. It includes 5 chapters that will cover: an introduction and methodology; the different styles and phases of Mughal architecture under various emperors; case studies of important buildings like the Taj Mahal and Jama Masjid; and a conclusion. The introduction discusses the aims, objectives, and limitations of studying Mughal architecture. Subsequent chapters will analyze the Red Stone and Marble phases, compare buildings from the reigns of Akbar, Shah Jahan, and others, and closely examine iconic structures.
Mosques are places of worship for followers of Islam. They have varying architectural styles that often include domes, minarets, and a central prayer hall. Key features include the mihrab, which indicates the direction of Mecca, and ablution facilities where people perform ritual cleansing before prayer. Mosques serve as community centers where Muslims can pray together led by an imam. There are rules of cleanliness and dress for visitors, and in most cases non-Muslims are permitted but expected to be respectful.
The Sultan Hassan Mosque and school in Cairo was constructed in 1256 AD for Sultan Hassan bin Mohammad bin Qala'oun as both a mosque and religious school. It is considered the most stylistically compact and unified of all Cairo monuments. The document also briefly describes El Refaai Mosque, Ibn Tooloan Mosque, and includes photos of the Sultan Hassan Mosque interior and a wall from Ibn Tooloan Mosque inscribed with Quranic verses.
Gujarat is a state in western India with a coastline of 1,600 km. The document summarizes the architectural history of Gujarat, focusing on Islamic architecture from three periods. Key structures discussed include the Jami Masjid at Bharuch from the first period, which was constructed using materials from Hindu temples. The second period is characterized by the grand Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad, built in 1423. Major developments occurred in the third period under Sultan Mahmud, including the ornate Bai Hariji's Stepwell from 1499. The document provides details on the design elements of these important historical sites.
Mughal architecture is a style that developed under the Mughal Empire between the 16th and 17th centuries, blending Islamic, Persian, and Indian elements. Key emperors like Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb commissioned many grand buildings, including mosques, tombs, forts, and palaces. The Taj Mahal, built under Shah Jahan, is considered one of the most beautiful structures ever created and exemplifies the peak of Mughal architectural achievement.
The document provides an overview of Mughal architecture during the rule of several Mughal emperors, including Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Jahangir. It discusses some of the most significant architectural legacies of each ruler, such as Babur building mosques in Panipat and Sambhal, Humayun constructing Purana Qila in Delhi, and Akbar commissioning iconic structures like Humayun's Tomb and Fatehpur Sikri. The presentation highlights how Mughal architecture blossomed during Akbar's reign and integrated Persian, Indian and Islamic architectural styles.
The document discusses Indo-Islamic architecture in Gujarat between 1300-1572 AD. It flourished under the Ahmed Shahi dynasty for 250 years, combining local Hindu and Jain architectural styles with Islamic elements. Many early mosques and tombs were built using materials from demolished temples. The architecture can be divided into three periods, with the third period under Sultan Mahmud I considered the peak. Important structures from each period are described like the Jami Masjids of Bharuch, Cambay, Ahmedabad, and the grand Sarkhej Rouza complex. The local builders' skills allowed them to adapt Hindu structural techniques like corbelled domes to mosque design.
Gujarat provincial architecture developed between 1300-1572 AD under the Ahmad Shahi Sultan dynasty. Major developments included the Jami Masjid of Bharuch (early 14th century) which incorporated elements of demolished Hindu temples. The Jami Masjid of Cambay (1325) showed Delhi influences. The peak was the Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad (1423) with its 300 pillars and domed roof. Other notable structures included the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque for its intricate stone jali screens and the leaning Jhulta Minarets of Ahmedabad.
Islamic art reflected religious beliefs without figurative imagery, focusing instead on geometry, calligraphy, and nature. This was influenced by Islam's emphasis on the oneness of God and prohibition of idolatry. Architecture used elements like minarets, mihrabs, and qibla walls to organize prayer and reflect influences from nature and other faiths while distinguishing itself. Ornamentation in tilework and mosaics depicted flowers, plants, and intricate scripts to symbolize paradise and creation.
The document provides information about Egypt, including its currency, main products, flag, religions, language, history, people, charity projects, wildlife, landmarks, and famous figures. Some key points are:
- The main currency is the Egyptian pound. Tourism is a major industry, with visitors paying for paintings, tours of pyramids, and souvenirs.
- Egypt has a predominantly Muslim population and Arabic is the main language, though ancient Egyptian used hieroglyphics.
- Notable landmarks include the iconic Giza pyramids and Great Sphinx statue near Cairo, which date back thousands of years.
- Egyptians are said to be friendly but also proud of their rich history and
Ancient Egyptian architecture had some consistent characteristics. Massive stone structures like temples and tombs were favored after the Old Kingdom. Mud bricks were commonly used for houses while stone was used for more permanent religious buildings. Columns were designed to mimic plant structures and corner details replicated binding reeds. Funerary structures evolved from mastaba tombs to step pyramids like Zoser's and finally the iconic Great Pyramids at Giza, which marked a transition to rock-cut tombs in places like the Valley of the Kings. Temples followed a structured layout and carefully controlled light using columns, windows and shadow effects.
The document provides information on ancient Egyptian civilization between 1450-1100 BC. It describes the geography of Egypt centered around the Nile River, which was essential for agriculture and trade. It then outlines the three main periods of Egyptian rule: the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Key developments included the Old Kingdom organizing a strong central state and building pyramids, the Middle Kingdom experiencing invasions and rebellions, and the New Kingdom expanding Egyptian rule. The document also summarizes Egyptian religious beliefs, architecture, and aspects of daily life like the class system.
Islamic architecture developed from many influences, including Roman, Byzantine, Persian, and Central Asian styles. The mosque is the most important building in Islamic architecture, with early examples including the Great Mosque of Qairouan in Tunisia. Other notable mosques include the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo and the Great Mosque of Córdoba in Spain. Domes, arches, courtyards, and mihrabs are characteristic architectural features of mosques and other Islamic buildings. Squinches allowed the construction of domes and their use spread domed structures throughout the Islamic world.
This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture from the 7th century to 1600 AD. It discusses the main types of Islamic buildings like mosques, madrasas, hammams, and caravanserais. It then focuses on the architectural features of mosques, including mashrabiya, mihrab, sahn, minarets, domes, and others. Examples of famous global mosques are given, like the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul and the Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Dubai. Key details about their designs, construction histories, and unique architectural elements are summarized.
I apologize for any confusion, as an AI assistant I do not have personal opinions or experiences. I was designed by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest in discussions.
The Great Mosque of Cordoba and King Hassan II New.pdfShyamV12
The Great Mosque of Córdoba began as a Catholic church in the 8th century that was converted to a mosque during Moorish rule. Over nearly 250 years, it was expanded to its current form with a hypostyle hall of over 850 columns supporting a wooden ceiling. The focal point is the ornate mihrab surrounded by intricate mosaic work. It was later converted back to a Catholic church but still retains much of its original Moorish architecture like the horseshoe arches and domes.
Fatehpur Sikri was founded in 1569 by Mughal Emperor Akbar as the capital of the Mughal Empire, located in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is surrounded by a 5 mile wall and includes several important architectural structures from the Mughal era, including the Buland Darwaza gate, Jama Masjid mosque, Tomb of Salim Chishti, Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas halls of audience, Ibadat Khana house of worship, Anup Talao pool, and Panch Mahal and Mariam-uz-Zamani palaces. The red sandstone buildings feature a blend of Hindu, J
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, is home to over 3,000 mosques due to its location between East and West. Five of the most notable mosques in Istanbul are the Blue Mosque known for its blue tiles, the Suleymaniye Mosque designed by the famous architect Mimar Sinan, the New Mosque commissioned by Sultan Mehmet III's mother, the massive Fatih Mosque built after the conquest of Constantinople, and the Eyup Sultan Mosque which contains the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad's standard bearer.
The document provides information about two important mosques - Al-Nabawi Mosque located in Medina, Saudi Arabia and Muhammad Ali Mosque located in Cairo, Egypt. It discusses the history and architectural elements of both mosques. Al-Nabawi Mosque was originally built by the Prophet Muhammad and has since been greatly expanded. It houses the tomb of Muhammad and is considered the second holiest site in Islam. Muhammad Ali Mosque was commissioned in 1830 by Muhammad Ali Pasha in Cairo's Citadel and was completed in 1848. It was built entirely in the Ottoman architectural style and its two minarets were a symbol of Egyptian independence.
Islamic architecture captivates people for several reasons:
Intricate Design: Islamic architecture is renowned for its intricate and elaborate designs, characterized by geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy. These designs often adorn mosques, palaces, and other structures, creating visually stunning environments.
Spiritual Significance: Many are drawn to the spiritual symbolism embedded in Islamic architecture, especially in mosques. The grandeur of these buildings often evokes a sense of awe and reverence, providing a space for worship and reflection.
Cultural Heritage: Islamic architecture reflects the rich cultural heritage of various regions across the Islamic world, spanning from Spain to Southeast Asia. Its diversity showcases the amalgamation of different architectural styles, influenced by local traditions and historical contexts.
Innovation and Engineering: Islamic architects have been pioneers in various architectural innovations, including the development of geometric principles and advanced construction techniques. The soaring domes, intricate arches, and towering minarets demonstrate their mastery of engineering and design.
Timelessness: Islamic architecture has stood the test of time, with many structures dating back centuries yet still retaining their beauty and functionality. This timelessness speaks to the enduring appeal and significance of Islamic architectural principles.
Overall, Islamic architecture continues to fascinate people worldwide, serving as a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and cultural richness of the Islamic civilization.
The Jama Masjid in Delhi, India is the largest and principal mosque. Commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan and constructed between 1650-1656 CE, it utilized over 6000 workers and cost 1 million rupees. The red sandstone and marble mosque has three gates, four towers, and two 41 meter minarets. It has a 75m x 66m courtyard that can accommodate 25,000 worshippers and features a central tank. The complex architectural elements include arched colonnades, a golden dome, and inlaid marble tablets with Quranic verses.
The document summarizes some of India's World Heritage Sites as recognized by UNESCO. It discusses 29 total sites, including 23 cultural sites and 6 natural sites. Some of the sites highlighted include the Ajanta Caves, Agra Fort, Kaziranga National Park, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Humayun's Tomb, Qutub Minar, Red Fort Complex, Churches and Convents of Goa, Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Group of Monuments at Hampi, Group of Monuments in Pattadakal, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, Khajuraho
Islamic art developed between 650 CE and the present, with a focus on architecture, calligraphy, and manuscript illumination due to prohibitions on figural representation. Notable architectural works include the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (687-691 CE), the first Islamic monument, and the Great Mosque of Cordoba (784-987 CE), featuring horseshoe arches. The Taj Mahal (1632-1653) exemplifies later Mughal architecture through its symmetrical design and use of domes, minarets, and inlaid decoration. Calligraphy and illuminated manuscripts also flourished, transmitting religious texts through intricate decorative styles that married image and text.
The document discusses the origins and spread of Islam in Africa, including key events and figures in the life of Muhammad. It also summarizes some of the major architectural features of mosques, including minarets, mihrabs, and iwans. Additionally, it provides overviews of several important African civilizations such as Nubia, Berber, Nok, Benin, Yoruba, and Kongo and highlights some of their artistic traditions.
hagia Sophia has evolved over may architecture style.it has been used according to the timeline and even changed according to the ruling power. this has been the best example for adaptive reuse..
The document provides an overview of the origins and spread of Islam in Africa, including key events and figures in early Islamic history such as the birth and revelations of Muhammad. It also summarizes some of the major artistic traditions that developed across Africa influenced by Islamic beliefs, including intricate book arts, mosque and palace architecture featuring horseshoe arches and iwans, as well as important cultural groups like the Nubians, Berbers, Benin, Yoruba, Dogon, Kongo, and Igbo.
This document discusses the geometry and urban planning of ancient civilizations including the Indus Valley civilization, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. It provides details on:
- The Indus Valley civilization's major city of Mohenjo-Daro having a planned grid layout with public buildings and facilities that could house 35,000 residents.
- Egyptian homes were made of sun-dried mudbricks and nobles lived in large villas along the Nile. Egyptian temples like Hatshepsut's were perfectly symmetrical and layered with colonnades and terraces.
- Burial practices included mastabas, pyramids at Giza aligned along the largest, shaft tombs cut into rock
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2. Introduction
• In Egypt, Assiut is located between Al-Minia
north and Souhag south, it is about 375 km in
south of Cairo, 470 km in west of Red sea, and
305 km in north of Luxor.
• Assiut includes monumental heritage from
different states; Pharaonic, Roman, Coptic,
Islamic, and Modern age.
• Also Assiut has Nile, mountains, desert, Natural
Parks, fascinating rural lives, gardens, high-level
shops, luxury restaurants, and an excellent
transport net to be a perfect tourism destination
in Egypt.
5. Meir Monumental Tombs
• Located In Meir village,
Alqussia city, and 65 km in the
northwest of Assiut.
• They are 9 tombs carved in the
stone and to the 14th dynasty.
• Their walls inscriptions show
the daily life activities of the
ancients Egyptians.
6. Qussair Al-Amarna Monumental Tombs
• The tombs are carved in the
Western Mountain, Al-Qussia city,
dating back to the era of the 6th
dynasty till the 12th dynasty.
• Despite their small walls, these
tombs are considered as ones of
the most beautiful and eminent
monumental tombs, as their whole
walls are covered by the daily life
scenes and religious rituals.
7. Al-Hammamiya Monumental Tombs
• They are located at a
distance of 50 km southeast
of Assiut, Al-Hammamiya
village, in the south of AlBadary city.
• These tombs return back to
the end of the 4th dynasty
and the beginning of the 5th
dynasty.
8. The Western Mountain Tombs
• Many tombs are carved in
the western mountain, in
the west of Assiut city.
• And back to the 13th
Nome, during the Old and
Middle states.
9. Deir Al-Gabrawy Tombs
• They are located In the village of
Deir Al-Gabrawy, Abnoob city, and
about 20 km northeast of Assiut city,
and they are carved in the Eastern
Mountain and back to the ancient
and middle states.
• They are distinguished by its
paintings drawn on a surface of soft
mortar.
10. Deir Rifa Tombs
• They are on the top of the Western Hills,
in the west of Assiut city.
• 7 stony tombs are carved in the Mountain
for the nobles and the princes of "ShesHoteb", the capital of the 11th Nome.
11. Coptic Era Attractions
• Al-Mouharraq Monastery
• The Holy Virgin Mary Monastery
• Monastery of The Holy Virgin Mary
(Deir El- Ganadla)
• Monastery of Saint MariMina
(Hanging Monastery)
• Monastery of Al-Anba Serabamoon
12. The Burnt Monastery (Deir Al-Mouharraq)
• Built in the 4th century at the foot of
Western mountain.
• The Holy Family stayed in for 185
days.
• It includes the oldest monumental
church in the Christian world holding a
shrine and a cubed stony altar topped
by a rounded marble roof with a Greek
inscribed text dating back to 746 AD,
San-George church (1898AD) and the
Holy Virgin Mary church (1960AD).
• With the same style of the forts built by
the King Zinon, there is a monumentalthree-floor fort dates to the end of the
6th century and the beginning of the
7th century.
13. The Holy Virgin Mary Monastery
• Built on a height of 100 m and
about 7 km southwest of Assiut
city, in the Western Mountain.
• it contains a monumental cave
dates back to 2500 B.C, and
inside there is a church probably
built on the same spot where the
Holy Family reposed for a few
days prior to their returning back
to "Beit-Lahm" in Palestine.
14. Monastery of The Holy Virgin Mary
(Deir El- Ganadla)
• It is embedded in a cave at
the foot of the western
mountain, 2 km in the west of
Deir El-Ganadla village. In
Al-Ghanayem city, 25 km
south west of Assiut city.
• Its monuments are
represented in number of old
caves and the monumental
Roman well dates back to
the 1st century AD.
15. Monastery of Saint MariMina
(Hanging Monastery)
• In the end of the 4th century AD,
in Abnoob city, the Hanging
Abbey was built on the Eastern
Mountain in Al-Ma'abda village,
35 km northeast of Assiut city.
• It is a large cave in the mountain
contains an altar carved in the
stone, and outside the cave
there is another church named
after the Holy Virgin Mary and
The Angel Meichel; the two
churches are carved between
two eminent hills on a height of
170 m.
16. Monastery of Al-Anba
Serabamoon
• The monastery is 80 km
northwest of Assiut, The
Holy Family shadowed by
a tree over there and the
tree is still bearing the
name of the Holy Virgin
Mary in the Monastery.
17. Islamic Era
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Islamic Commercial Agencies (Al-Wakail)
Thabet Monumental Bath (Hammam Sabet)
Al-Majzoub Monumental Barrage
Al Mojahideen Mosque (Masjid Al Mojahideen)
Al-Farghal Mosque (Masjid Al-Farghal)
Abo_Alouyon Mosque (Masjid Abo_Alouyon)
Al-Amauoi Mosque (Al-Gami' Al-Kabeer)
Al-Kashef Mosque (Masjid Al-Kashef)
Assiut Religious Institute “Fouad the First”
18. Islamic Commercial Agencies (Al-Wakail)
• The Agencies stand in Mohammad
Mahmoud St, Assiut city, a fascinating
area, full of Islamic monuments such
as Galal Al-Deen Al-Siuty and AlMojahideen Mosques.
• This area includes many commercial
shops for trade, haberdashery, copper
artifacts, and hand-made textiles.
• Each agency centralized by a
rectangular courtyard, roofed by a
ceiling with a big window for lighting
and ventilation, comprised of 2 floors;
the lower is dedicated to goods and
animals, and the upper to the
merchants.
19. Thabet Monumental Bath (Hammam Sabet)
• Dating back to the Ottoman Era,
Thabet Bath is located in
Mohammad Mahmoud St. with
a unique architectural model
reflects the common style in that
time. In the past, the Bath had
been used by the outsider
merchants besides the local
residents for washing and cure,
and then it was used by the
local residents for the general
daily uses until short time ago.
20. Al-Majzoub Monumental Barrage
• It is considered as one of the
important monumental aquatic
constructions in Assiut city.
• The Barrage has been
established since 1251 H with
three holes for the running
water, in the time of
Mohammad Ali - the ruler of
Egypt.
21. Al Mojahideen Mosque (Masjid Al Mojahideen)
• In the Ottoman Era(1120 H1706 AD), Mohammad BeyThe prince of the sultan
brigade- established one of
the oldest mosques in
Mohammad Mahmoud StAssiut city, it is Al Mojahideen
mosque.
• It includes most of the famous
Islamic architectural elements.
22. Al-Farghal Mosque (Masjid Al-Farghal)
• In Abou Teeg city - 27 km
south of Assiut city - and in a
matchless scene, It stands
with two high minarets to be
one of the famous religious
destinations in Assiut city.
• It includes the grave of
Mohammad Al-Farghal -whose
origin returns back to
Al_Hassan and Al_Husseinthe grandsons of the Prophet
Mohammad.
23. Abo_Alouyon Mosque (Masjid Abo_Alouyon)
• Masjid Abo_Alouyon was
established With a wonderful
geometric design, consisting of
two main buildings; one is a
prayer court and the other is a
grave for its owner- Ibraheem
Abo_Alouyon(1940 AD)- whose
origin dates back to Al_Hassan
the son of Al_Imam Ali (The
Accompanier).
• It is surrounded by a fence with
an Islamic style and a very high
minaret.
24. Al-Amauoi Mosque (Al-Gami' Al-Kabeer)
• In a rare style, Al-Gami' AlKabeer was established to be
one of the largest and oldest
Masjids which returns back to
the Umayyad Era, and it had
been renovated and developed
in the time of the King Fouad
the first.
25. Al-Kashef Mosque (Masjid Al-Kashef)
• In Manfalout city, The
Prince Ali Al-Kashef
Jamal Al-Deen founded
his masterpiece; a
mosque (Masjid) bears
his name, in 1176 H
(1772 AD) in Al Qessaria
St.
26. Assiut Religious Institute “Fouad the First”
• On a surface of 4 feddans and 8
karats had been chosen by King
Fouad the first, the Religious
Institute was based in 1930 AD
and finished in 1934 AD with
Islamic style, and inaugurated by
Farouk the King of Egypt in 1939
AD to be a lighthouse for the
Islamic religious sciences.
27. Modern landmarks in Assiut
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Al-Salam Monumental Museum
Assiut Barrage
Assiut University
Al-Azhar University
The Permanent Exhibition for Tourism Promotion
Horus Touristic Anchorage
Assiut Touristic Anchorage
Al-Ferdous Park
Al-Azhar Park
Al-Khaldeen Park
Sport Foundations
The Nile
Conferences Hospitality
28. Al-Salam Monumental Museum
• Assalam School Museum is
located in War&Peace
square.
• It includes a huge collection
of monumental parts from
various eras and areas;
Predynasty, Pharaonic,
Coptic and Islamic Eras, in
addition to Sudanese and
Ethiopian monuments.
29. Assiut Barrage
• Assiut Barrage
was constructed in
1902 AD with 111
holes and a length
of 880 m.
30. Assiut University
• Assiut University arises to
be the first regional
university in Egypt, It was
inaugurated in 1957 AD.
• It contains various
practical and theoretical
faculties, some higher
institutes, prepared halls
for international
conferences, five stars
hotel, university
accommodation, different
researching centers and
advanced hospitals serve
Middle and Upper Egypt.
31. Al-Azhar University
• Al-Azhar University
was established in
1969 AD.
• It was dedicated to
serve the sciences
by the Islam view
32. The Permanent Exhibition for
Tourism Promotion
• A place to enjoy, have fun, and do
shopping, of course the
Permanent Expo provides all as it
overlooks the Nile through the
Floating Restaurant Anchorage Al Thawra St, Assiut city.
• It includes wrought and handmade traditional products such as
hand-made carpets, pictures,
sculptures, statues, icons, medals
and so on.
33. Horus Touristic Anchorage
• It established in 1986AD.
• It includes three roman
overlook-the-Nile
theaters present folkloric
and cultural shows.
• And a harbor hosts 3
floating hotels at once to
serve the Tourism and
Nile Cruises.
34. Assiut Touristic Anchorage
• It is in Al-Thawra St.
with a length of 305 m
to receive 5 floating
hotels at once.
• Hosts the Nile cruises.
• It has restaurant and
café.
35. Al-Ferdous Park
• It is a nice place to
have a nice time
whether alone or with
the family.
• It lies in Al-Thawra St
on a surface of 3
feddans on the Nile.
• It is a public garden
contains roman theatre.
36. Al-Azhar Park
• Beneath Faisal Bridge and with a highlevel coffee to serve the visitors.
• Overlooks Al-Ebrahimia canal in one of
the most beautiful scenes in the entrance
of Assiut city.
37. Al-Khaldeen Park
• It was established in 2007 AD in the
entrance of Assiut city on the bank of AlEbrahimia Canal.
• The Park includes several means of
entertainment and Roman Theatre for
different cultural and folkloric shows.
38. Sport Foundations
• Assiut has an Olympic village in
Assiut University, a sport city in
Assiut Cement Factory, a tennis
courts in Mubarak Quarter, a
covered hall and a bowling hall in
Mankabad
• And much more to give Assiut the
chance to organize and host
national and international events
in the different sport fields.
39. The Nile River
• The Magic River adds its value to
Assiut also; with a length of 160
Km the Nile flows from Dierout
north to Sedfa south forming a
marvelous natural scene with the
various lives on its sides.
• Just enjoy the fascinating views
through one of the many luxury
floating hotels and restaurants
which serve on the Nile.
40. Conferences Hospitality
• Assiut has many conventions halls serving
the conferences and meetings .
• For example Governorate Building
Conference hall, Assiut University Nile
grand hall and other many conventions
facilites.
41. How to reach Assiut
• With an Airport, a Train, Three Highways,
and a Railroad serve The Governorate on
a daily basis; it is so easy and enjoyable to
visit Assiut from all over the world.
42. Hotels in Assiut
Hotel name
Class
Address
Tel#
Auroura Floating Hotel
5*
Thawra St.
01000458000
Tut Floating Hotel
5*
Thawra St.
0882286576
Badr Hotel
3*
Station Square
0882329811
Reem Hotel
3*
Station Square
0882311422
Assiutel
3*
Thawra Square
0882312122
Akhenaton Hotel
2*
M.T. Khashaba St.
0882331600
Annahr Hotel
1*
41 M.A. Makary St.
0882334175
Alwatania Palace Hotel
N/A
Aljomhoria St.
0882287981
Touristic Hostel
1*
Alweladia Region
0882323297
43. Tourism Info Sectors in Assiut
Sector
Address
Tourism Administration Assiut Governorate Building
Tel#
2310010
Tourism General
Authority
Sawra St.
2305110
Tourism Regional
Authority
Assiut Governorate Building
2310010
Tourism & Monuments
Police
Governmental Services
Complex
2323328
Egypt Air
Touristic Anchorage – Sawra
St.
2315228.2315229
Assiut Railway Station
Station Square
2335623-23221442332235
Tourist Friend Assembly
Almajzoub Square
2340846
44. Special Restaurants in Assiut
Restaurant
Address
Tel#
KFC
Sawra St.
2314536
Pizza Hut
Alazhar St.
Cook Door
Alazhar St.
Cook Window
Sawra St.
Mo’men
Sawra St.
Tal’at
Aljomhoria St.
2300942
Mostafa Darweesh
Aljomhoria St.
2305813
Happy Dolphin
Sawra St.
2297575-2297676
2313310
45. Touristic Bazaars in Assiut
Bazaar
Address
Tel#
Regional Tourism Expo Sawra St.
2295560
Khan Alkhalili Expo
Aljomhoria St.
2325115
Beit Ettolly Expo
A.H.Albakory St. 2320107
Manual carpet Expo
Aljomhoria St.
2324490