hagia Sophia has evolved over may architecture style.it has been used according to the timeline and even changed according to the ruling power. this has been the best example for adaptive reuse..

1. ADAPTIVE REUSE
KIRTHANA S
MEGHANA S

2. CONTENT
• HAGIA SOPHIA – ISTANBUL, TURKEY.
• OPERA HOUSE – BRIGADE ROAD, B’LORE.
• JAYMAHAL PALACE – NANDI DURA RD., B’LORE.

3. HAGIA SOPHIA – ISTANBUL, TURKEY
• officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque is a mosque and major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.
• The building was built 3 times by the Eastern Roman Empire.
• The present Hagia Sophia is the third, built in 537 AD.
• Although its title was accepted as an orthodox church, a mosque, a museum and then a mosque again, the
building carried the title of a Catholic cathedral for a long time after the 4th crusade.
• In other words, after the construction of the Orthodox Church, then the Catholic Cathedral, then the Ottoman
conquest of Istanbul on 29 May 1453, it was converted into a mosque, after the establishment of the Republic
of Turkey, it became a museum in 1935 and then became a mosque once again in 2020.
• The current structure was built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I as the Christian cathedral of
Constantinople for the Byzantine Empire between 532 and 537, and was designed by the Greek geometers
Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles.
• It was formally called the Church of the Holy Wisdom .
• An earthquake in 994 damaged the cathedral, it was rebuilt by Trdat the Architect.
• Hagia Sophia was used as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral until 1453, except during the Latin Empire when it
was turned into a Roman Catholic cathedral.
Isidore of Miletus

4. • Byzantine Emperor Constantius commissioned construction of the first Hagia Sophia in 360 A.D. At the time of the first church’s
construction, Istanbul was known as Constantinople, taking its name from Constantius’ father, Constantine I, the first ruler of
the Byzantine Empire.
• The first Hagia Sophia featured a wooden roof. The structure was burned to the ground in 404 A.D. during the riots that occurred
in Constantinople as a result of political conflicts within the family of then-Emperor Arkadios, who had a tumultuous reign from 395
to 408 A.D.
• Arkadios’ successor, Emperor Theodosios II, rebuilt the Hagia Sophia, and the new structure was completed in 415.
• The second Hagia Sophia contained five naves and a monumental entrance and was also covered by a wooden roof.
• However, a little more than one century later, this would again prove to be a fatal flaw for this important basilica of the Greek
Orthodox faith, as the structure was burned for a second time during the so-called “Nika revolts” against Emperor Justinian I, who
ruled from 527 to 565.
• Unable to repair the damage caused by the fire, Justinian ordered the demolition of the Hagia Sophia in 532.
• He commissioned renowned architects Isidoros (Milet) and Anthemios (Tralles) to build a new basilica.
• The third Hagia Sophia was completed in 537, and it remains standing today.
• The first religious services in the “new” Hagia Sophia were held on December 27, 537.
HISTORY

5. ENTRANCE
• At the entrance of St. Sophia and above the main door is the most famous Byzantine
mosaics, the Christ Pantocrator.
• In this building we can see almost without question the best mosaics of the Byzantine period,
which served as a model and reference for all subsequent Orthodox art. Including that of the
Virgin and Child on the second floor, the Empress Zoe, the Emperor John II Comnenus, the
Deesis mosaic located in the lunette of the Imperial Gate, and many others in fairly good
condition.
• Hagia Sophia is a brick building basically, only the foundations and supports that make the
eight initial buttresses were built using large blocks of limestone. Besides the imposing
columns with bases and capitals, other stone elements are present in the building, as the
huge slabs that make up the ledges where the marbles have a thickness of 60 cm and a
length of 6 meters is proconésico marble, the same which forms the pavement.

6. CENTRAL NAVE
• About the aisles which are divided into two floors are arranged on the floor
above, the “matronium” open central space using columns with capitals
plant worked in trephine, pillars and arches that alternate and repeated
rhythmically downstairs.
• The capitals “saddle” are flat sheets Corinthian capitals and worked to drill
looking chiaroscuro, and large picture rails to enhance and increase the
height above the support of the arches.

7. • The dome rests on two large domes or exedras average, one in the
head, to the east, and the other on the opposite side to the west.
• In turn these two exedras resting on two smaller angles open and
manage stress that the longitudinal axis, determined by the narthex at
the entrance, the first exedra covering the first section, the dome
covering the central section, the another exedra and the apse at the
head.
• Thus oval configuring a plant design, more mobile, and also
strengthens the effect of centralization given the dimensions of the
dome and the centralizing effect that creates the centralization of light.
DOME

8. The Hagia Sophia’s Design
• From its opening, the third and final Hagia Sophia was indeed a remarkable structure.
• It combined the traditional design elements of an Orthodox basilica with a large, domed roof, and a semi-domed altar
with two narthex (or “porches”).
• The dome’s supporting arches were covered with mosaics of six-winged angels called hexapterygon.
• In an effort to create a grand basilica that represented all of the Byzantine Empire, Emperor Justinian decreed that all
provinces under his rule send architectural pieces for use in its construction.
• The marble used for the floor and ceiling was produced in Anatolia (present-day eastern Turkey) andFrom its opening,
the third and final Hagia Sophia was indeed a remarkable structure. It combined the traditional design elements of an
Orthodox basilica with a large, domed roof, and a semi-domed altar with two narthex (or “porches”).
• The dome’s supporting arches were covered with mosaics of six-winged angels called hexapterygon.
• In an effort to create a grand basilica that represented all of the Byzantine Empire, Emperor Justinian decreed that all
provinces under his rule send architectural pieces for use in its construction.
• The marble used for the floor and ceiling was produced in Anatolia (present-day eastern Turkey) and Syria, while other
bricks (used in the walls and parts of the floor) came from as far away as North Africa. The interior of Hagia Sophia is
lined with enormous marble slabs that are said to have been designed to imitate moving water.
• And, the Hagia Sophia’s 104 columns were imported from the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, as well as from Egypt.

9. Renovations to the Hagia Sophia
• As Islam was the central religion of the Ottomans, the Hagia Sophia was renovated into a mosque. As part of the
conversion, the Ottomans covered many of the original Orthodox-themed mosaics with Islamic calligraphy designed
by Kazasker Mustafa İzzet.
• The panels or medallions, which were hung on the columns in the nave, feature the names of Allah, the Prophet
Muhammad, the first four Caliphs, and the Prophet’s two grandsons.
• The mosaic on the main dome—believed to be an image of Christ—was also covered by gold calligraphy.
• A mihrab or nave was installed in the wall, as is tradition in mosques, to indicate the direction toward Mecca, one of
the holy cities of Islam.
• Ottoman Emperor Kanuni Sultan Süleyman (1520 to 1566) installed two bronze lamps on each side of the mihrab,
and Sultan Murad III (1574 to 1595) added two marble cubes from the Turkish city of Bergama, which date back to
4 B.C.
• Four minarets were also added to the original building during this period, partly for religious purposes (for the
muezzin call to prayer) and partly to fortify the structure following earthquakes that struck the city around this time.
• Under the rule of Sultan Abdülmecid, between 1847 and 1849, the Hagia Sophia underwent an extensive
renovation led by Swiss architects the Fossati brothers.
• At this time, the Hünkâr Mahfili (a separate compartment for emperors to use for prayer) was removed and replaced
with another near the mihrab.

10. • The Hagia Sophia’s role in politics and religion remains a contentious and important one, even today—some 100 years after the
fall of the Ottoman Empire.
• From 1935—nine years after the Republic of Turkey was established by Ataturk—to 2020, the legendary structure was operated
as a museum by the national government.
• Beginning in 2013, some Islamic religious leaders in the country sought to have the Hagia Sophia once again opened as a
mosque.
• In July 2020, the Turkish Council of State and President Erdoğan reclassified it as a mosque.
HAGIA SOPHIA TODAY

11. CHURCH
Plan of hagia Sophia as a church

12. INTERIOR
Inside is divided into three naves.
the central double-width and opening side through thick pillars pierced.
The capitals are carved design of a clear Byzantine motif tracery of vine leaves and foliage.
The outer face of galleries continues the play of light and shadows with pearl and ebony inlay.
The effect of light and reflections created inside the temple, ethereal and airy, a golden iridescence in contrast to the
massive outdoor closed and sometimes interferes visually in the perception of space in the loss of their limits.
The light inside the Hagia Sophia, comes from the many windows in the base of the dome and made possible by the
support system that leave free weights and open bays in the major and minor exedras the walls, originally and in
some cases were closed with stained glass.
The roof is still covered largely with golden mosaics dating from the sixth century.
It is decorated with crosses and structural details are highlighted by vegetal and geometric borders.
EXTERIOR
The exterior is closed and solid, with staggered volumes falling from the central dome to the exedras larger to
smaller and finally to the chapels of the lower level.
Acquire a more heavy external buttresses receiving transverse thrusts of internal arcs.

13. MOSQUE

15. MUSEUM

16. REFRENCES
• https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/hagia-sophia
• https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia
• https://www.timesnownews.com/world/hagia-sophia-architectural-
masterpiece-was-converted-from-church-to-mosque-to-museum-and-
then-mosque-again-article-97203269
• https://www.thecollector.com/hagia-sophia-throughout-history/
• https://muze.gen.tr/muze-detay/ayasofya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usp6GLrzdws
https://youtu.be/r6383ZDXB0Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mU_RizrWnrU