This presentation describes the TORC tool

1. TORC;
TRAINING (BY GAMING)
FOR OPERATIONAL
RESILIENCE CAPABILITIES
RESILIENCE SHIFT WORKSHOP, 28.11.2018. ARUP, LONDON
Tor Olav Grøtan, PhD
Senior Research Scientist, SINTEF Digital
© tor.o.grotan@sintef.no
Name
Place
Month 2016

2. TORC
Training for Operational Resilience Capabilities
• Introduction
• The theoretical ""Organizing, Thinking and Acting Resiliently in the Context
of Compliance" PhD Thesis that was transformed into a board game with
pragmatic recognition, involving 1000+ trainees trainees
• Verified applicability for, e.g., two H2020 projects
• Expectation:
• is the pragmatic recognition of CvR/RICO sustainable in other contexts?
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3. Issue for consultation and advice
• How can we withstand the
(managerial) urge for a "resilience
recipe" that is actually violating the
very idea of resilience?
• How can we avoid "reslience as
imagined"? (promising too much ?)
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4. TORC presentation
Derived from the safety context
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5. Financed by
- The Research Council of Norway
- Fondation pour une Culture de Sécurite Industrielle (FonCSI, France)
- Industry Partners (Strukton, Infraspeed, NAM, Eni Norge)
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• Eni Norge  Strukton Rail
 Infraspeed Maintenance BV
 Nederlandse Aardolie
Maatschappij BV (NAM)
 French ATM
TORC
Training for Operational Resilience Capabilities
• Tor Olav Grøtan, Senior Scientist,
TORC Coordinator
• tor.o.grotan@sintef.no
call.safera.eu
https://www.sintef.no/en/projects/torc-training-for-operational-resilience-capabilit/

6. KEY IDEA:
"Compliance  Resilience" (CvR) relations
• ("Uni-directional"
Complementary relation
• Resilience in the context of
compliance (RICO)
• Dialectical relation (of
systems, beliefs)
• (Bi-directional) Shaping
relation
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"seeking an
absence"
"seeking a
presence"

7. TORC trainees at different levels
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Operational/process training:
Experiencing the
margin of manoeuvre
Management training:
Mandating the
space of manoeuvre
Safety-I premises
:
(Strict) Compliance
Safety-II premises
:
(Utter) Resilience
Integrated
Training:
Decision support.
Reconciling
margin vs space,
Safety-I vs II
IMPERATIVE
of
COMPLIANCE
PROLOGUE

8. CvR Space: Scaling/calibration of resilient functioning
• Progressive aspiration levels for resilient functioning (inspired by
Longstaff et al. 2013, Woods 2015)
• R1. Defend normalcy (preferred mode of operation)
• R2. Build robustness to anticipated disturbance
• R3. Stretch and rebound in an (isolated) surprising/unexpected
situation/episode
• R4. Sustain resilient (R3) functioning over time
• Operational margin and managerial space must be (vertically)
aligned, "as far as possible"
• Two extreme "pathologies" can be envisaged through WAI vs WAD
in the TORC space
• The actual balance point is not a normative issue, but a local,
situated issue
• External expectations, accountabilities and mandates
• Inherent dynamics of system, actual capability of staff
• Adaptive history, precarious present, resilient future
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9. Operational training
perspective
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10. Managerial training perspective
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11. "Managed anomalization"
1. Intensify disturbances, seeking
the limits of both experience,
imagination and comprehension
2. Active contextual engagement
prepare to facilitate and
acknowledge a shift in baseline,
and/or supporting a more
demanding modality
• (e.g., by explicitly signaling that "sense-
making" is allowed, meaning that the
operational staff is no longer constrained by
predefined options for action, but are
allowed to "invent" their own)
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12. 12
Rulebase
Punctuations;disturbances,
"gamechangers"
?
?
?
?
?
Known,predefined,inventedor
emergingresourcesandstrategies
Inventory
(situated or generic ?)
CvR ? "Innovation"?
TORC
"Gaming
Machinery"
Scenario

13. TORC Demonstration
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14. TORC: Presumed application areas
• Normal operation
• "Safety-I": Procedures (SOP) constitute the compliance base
• Emergency training
• "Safety-I": Plans for "Defined Hazard and Accident Scenarios" (DHAS) constitutes the compliance base
• Unexpected situations
• "Safety-I": The compliance base must be "found" on the spot
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15. 15
Rulebase
Punctuations;disturbances,
"gamechangers"
?
?
?
?
?
Known,predefined,inventedor
emergingresourcesandstrategies
Inventory
(situated or generic ?)
CvR ? "Innovation"?
TORC
"Gaming
Machinery"
Scenario

16. 16

17. 17

18. 18
Rulebase
Punctuations;disturbances,
"gamechangers"
?
?
?
?
?
Known,predefined,inventedor
emergingresourcesandstrategies
Inventory
(situated or generic ?)
CvR ? "Innovation"?
TORC
"Gaming
Machinery"
Scenario

19. Practical experience: 1000+ employees
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• (EniNorge)
 Strukton Rail
 Infraspeed Maintenance BV
 Nederlandse Aardolie
Maatschappij BV (NAM)
 French ATM
(CDG)

20. Fieldstaff…
ACTION
0

21. ADAPTIVE PATH  A STORY/NARRATIVE
Demo TORC game
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2
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22. Sustained "practical resilience" training by TORC
• A "sensitization device"
• given a trustful atmosphere, the TORC approach is especially usable for visualizing and revealing the
tacit practices that normally are performed "in the contextual shadow of the rational facade",
• may also cautiously address problematic issues or "taboos" in the organization
• A trajectory of training results in a specific constellation can be preserved,
forming a novel basis for reflection as well as new training set-ups derived
from the training legacy of own as well as other organizations.
• "Resilience in people's/team's/organization's OWN WORDING
• Facilitating a "double hermeneutical" research apporach
• "understanding understanding subjects" rather than "explaining objects"
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23. TORC Training Strategy
• Strategic resilience objective
• why resilience is important;
• how resilience is expected to manifest in the organizational objectives;
• how and to which extent the CvR perspective resonates with the organizational needs and contextual demands;
• how resultant training targets map to operational, managerial and integrated TORC training, respectively; and
• whether, and in which manner, managed anomalization or other means for stress-testing is part of the objective.
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24. Overall (strategic) purpose of using TORC ?
From rudimentary to "capabilitized"
resilience through training/gaming
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Rudiments Capabilities
Organizational
adaptation,
prioritization and
formalization
TORC Game
RESILIENCE

25. Organizational
adaptation,
prioritization
and
formalization
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Competences
Capabilities
Servicedelivery
Resources
Strategy
With the risk of
"shortcutting" or
"degenerating" resilience
into a "recipe" (that is,
"resilience by
compliance"
TORC
Capability

26. Community support for TORC?
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27. Prospects for extended use
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"Poly-TORC"
"landscape of resilient subjects"

28. D-TORC (2020)
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DURINGBEFOREAFTER
Reconstruction
Mode (RM)
Emulation
Mode (EM)
"BEFORE""DURING""AFTER"
CC2.1
"retrospective
punctuation"
(e.g. STEP)
CC3.2
CC6.1
CC7.1
"hypothetical
punctuation"
Revised rule base, sources of resilience
documented resilient performance, revised res. mandate
https://h2020darwin.eu/

29. Stress-testing by TORC
(DRAFT approach)
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30. Experience and feedback:
added value in practitioners' words (1)
• Identification of critical roles in the existing organisations for dealing with emergency
• Emergence of roles which could be entitled for coordinating responses
• Experiencing the limits of available procedures
• Identification of possible shortages in organisational resources
• Identification of potential communication flaws
• Identification of specific training needs
• Help to look for the presence and lack of tools and control options of persons at the job to
cope with unexpected situations
• Understand that compliance and resilience do not automatically influence each other in
emergency situations
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31. Experience and feedback:
added value in practitioners' words (2)
• Understand that people react naturally to solve situations they encounter, regardless of rules.
• Personnel is driven by two main factors (safety of workers and availability of the infrastructure) while
solving unexpected situations.
• Trained persons become more aware of the consequences of actions and decisions they make to other
parties (colleagues, contractors, etc.).
• Can be combined with the Shell Heath individual resilience training program
• Can be used for various other cases not yet piloted, including training for other disciplines
• The internal trainer/facilitator role can be extended
• Can be used in relation with incident investigation
• The game, and especially the five steps, help to look for small changes and their significance
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32. Preparations for TORC training TORC D1.2 & D1.3:
SINTEF Report A27931 (2016): Guidelines for the preparatory work needed to implement a TORC training program.
• Verification that the "compliance base" (plans, procedures and rules)
for trainable scenarios are in place
• Description of practice scenarios (e.g. a maintenance operation) and
the degree of disturbance/escalation that are meaningful in these
contexts
• An overview of external resources and strategies that must be
available in the training scenarios
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33. Technology for a better society