Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immune deficiency characterized by low antibody levels and an increased risk of infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. Caused by genetic abnormalities, CVID affects 1 in 25,000 people and may manifest through recurrent infections and gastrointestinal issues. Treatment includes lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy and management of complications, but there is currently no cure.

1. Topic- Common Variable
Immunodeficiency .
From - Sharma Shubham
La-1-192(1) .
Department of immunology.

2. Common Variable
Immunodeficiency
•Common variable immunodeficiency
(CVID) is a primary immune deficiency
disease characterized by low levels of
protective antibodies and an increased
risk of infections. and put you at risk for
cancer, lung conditions and
autoimmune diseases

3. Introduction
•CVID also is known as
hypogammaglobulinemia, adult-
onset agammaglobulinemia, late-
onset hypogammaglobulinemia,
and acquired agammaglobulinemia.

4. How common is CVID ?
•About 1 in 25,000 people have CVID. It’s
the most common primary
immunodeficiency in adults. Most
people are diagnosed as adults, but
symptoms can start in childhood.

5. Causes .
• CVID is caused by a variety of different genetic
abnormalities that result in a defect in the
capability of immune cells to produce normal
amounts of all types of antibodies. Only a few of
these defects have been identified, and the cause
of most cases of CVID is unknown.Many people
with CVID carry a DNA variation called a
polymorphism in a gene known as TACI. CVID is also
linked to IgA deficiency .

6. Symptoms
• People with CVID may experience frequent
bacterial and viral infections of the upper airway,
sinuses, and lungs.
• Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints, such as abdominal
pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and
weight loss, can also be associated with CVID.
• Individuals with CVID may also develop enlarged
lymph nodes in the neck, chest, or abdomen.

8. Complications
• Damage from infections and CVID’s effects on your
immune system can lead to additional diseases and
conditions. These include:
• Autoimmune disorders.
• Cancers. Lymphoma and cancers that affect your GI
tract are the most common cancers in people with
CVID.
• Chronic lung diseases.
• Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly).
• Granulomas.

9. Continued
• People with CVID are at a higher risk for developing autoimmune
disorders, including:
• Antiphospholipid syndrome.
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
• Autoimmune hepatitis.
• Celiac-like diseases.
• Hashimoto’s Disease.
• Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP).
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Vasculitis.

11. Diagnosis
Serum Immunoglobulin levels which are low ( Ig A ,
Ig G , sometimes Ig M );
Immunization with killed vaccines is used to measure
antibody function. ( Which is low in patient with
CVID)
. Clinical history of recurrent infections .
Genetic testing

12. Treatment
• CVID can be managed with replacement
immunoglobulin therapy (RIgG). This can either be:
• 1)Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg).
antibodies directly into a vein every three to four
weeks.
• 2) Subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy (SCIg).
antibodies under your skin (subcutaneous
injections) every one to four weeks.

13. IgG levels in the
serum of CVID
pregnant woman
treated with self-
infusion IgG

14. Treatment (cont.)
• Antibiotics for infections
• There’s no cure for CVID . CVID, patient need
treatment for the rest of your life to protect them
from infectious diseases.
• The patient may have regular screening for cancer,
lung diseases or other complications .
• And the patient must avoid any vaccination unless
the doctor recommends.

15. Thank you