This document discusses personal and professional qualities of teachers as well as different philosophies of education including essentialism, perennialism, existentialism, progressivism, reconstructionism, behaviorism, and constructivism. It provides descriptions of each philosophy's aims of education, the role of education, focus in the curriculum, and curriculum trends. The document also discusses the teacher's philosophy of education and includes samples of teaching philosophy statements. It poses questions to test understanding of the different educational philosophies.

1. PHILOSOPHY OF TEACHING
AND
PRINCIPLES AND
PHILOSOPHY OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATION

3. PERSONAL QUALITIES
• In the chosen career of teaching, personality could serve as an inspiration or
otherwise to the student whom she pledge to lead by the hand. A teacher
must essentially possess the following person al qualities:
• Presentable appearance, good manners, courtesy, and a pleasant voice.
• Intelligence, emotional stability, and self-control
• Sympathy, kindness, helpfulness, and patience
• Integrity , trustworthiness, honesty and loyalty
• Sociability, friendliness, and cooperativeness
• Flexibility, creativity, and resourcefulness
• Fairness impartiality, and tolerance
• Sense of humor, cheerfulness, and enthusiasm

4. PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES
• refers to the teacher’s knowledge of the
subject matter, his/her understanding of
the psychological and educational
principles and his/her understanding of
the teaching profession.

5. PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES
• A mastery of the subject matter.
• An understanding of the learners. This pertains to the
teacher’s knowledge about the learners and the principles
of human growth and development.
• Liking and loving learners. A teacher who has genuine and
sincere love for learners can imbue them with love for
learning.
• Knowledge of the teaching principles and skills. A teacher
must know the WHATS and HOWS of teaching including
the needed skills and teaching methods.

6. PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES
• General understanding of the different branches of
knowledge along with their interrelationship and
interdependence to solve life’s problems. Knowledge
and background study of arts, languages, philosophy,
math, literature, and physical science are deemed
necessary. A teacher must also be knowledgeable of
information and communications technology (ICT) as in
the use of computers.
• An appreciation of the teaching profession.

8. K TO 12 CURRICULUM
FRAMEWORK

11. THE TEACHER’S
PHILOSOPHY OF
EDUCATION

12. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY ?
- Philosophy comes from the two Greek words philia which means
“love” and sophia which translates “wisdom.” Therefore, philosophy
is literally the “love of wisdom”
- Philosophy is based on reason.
- Philosophy entertains both subjective and objective type of
questions
- Philosophy is mostly involved with thinking and to create
knowledge

13. WHAT IS THE PHILOSOPHY IN
EDUCATION ?
• Philosophy in education is a statement (or set of statements) that identifies and
clarifies the beliefs, values and understandings of an individual or group with
respect to education
• A philosophy of this sort is critical in defining and directing the purposes,
objectives and focus of a school.
• It should also serve to inspire and direct educational planning, programs and
processes in any given setting.
• A philosophy of education may influence what subjects or topics are taught, how
they are taught, and perhaps more importantly, the supporting beliefs and values
that are taught, both implicitly and explicitly, within and around the core
curriculum.

14. WHAT IS TEACHING PHILOSOPHY ?
- It is a way the teacher organize his/ her thoughts and
approach to interacting with students and specific ways
he/she wants to facilitate learning.
- teaching philosophy is a statement that explains your
perspective on teaching and how you will apply that
perspective to your teaching environment.

16. Aim of
Education
• To promote the intellectual growth of the individual
and educate a competent person
Role of
Education
• The teacher is the sole authority in his or her subject
area or field of specialization.
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Essential skills of the 3 R’s and essential subjects of
English, Science, History, Math and Foreign Language.
Curriculum
Trends
• Excellence in education, back to basics and cultural
literacy
Essentialism

19. Aim of
Education
• To educate the rational person;
• To cultivate the intellect
Role of
Education
• Teachers help students think with reason
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Classical subjects, literary analysis and curriculum
is constant
Curriculum
Trends
• Use of great books and return to liberal arts
Perennialism

21. Aim of
Education
• To promote the education of the whole
being, as unique individual
Role of
Education
• The teacher helps the students define who
they are, their existence
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Use of self-faced, self-directed, learner-
centered activities
Curriculum
Trends
• Humanistic education, contextualized
education , equal opportunities for all
Existentialism

23. Aim of
Education
• To promote democratic and social living
Role of
Education
• Knowledge leads to growth and development of lifelong learners who
actively learn by doing
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Subjects are interdisciplinary, integrative and interactive. Curriculum
is focused on students’ interests, human problems and affairs
Curriculum
Trends
• School reforms, relevant and contextualizes curriculum, humanistic
education
Progressivism

25. Aim of
Education
• To improve and reconstruct the society
• Education for change
Role of
Education
• Teachers act as agents of change and reform in
various educational projects including research
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Focus on present and future trends and issues of
national and international interests.
Curriculum
Trends
• Equality of educational opportunities in education;
access to global education
Reconstructionism

27. Aim of
Education
• To develop communication skills in different
languages( Multilingualism)
Role of
Education
• Teacher is the provider of experiential
learning to learn language and communication
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Proficiency in communication and language is
the key to success in education
Curriculum
Trends
• Mastery of the different modes of
communication
Linguistic Philosophy

29. Aim of
Education
• To modify and shape learner’s behavior
Role of
Education
• The teacher as the influencer for the
students to become morally upright citizens
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Emphasizes on the development of GMRC
Curriculum
Trends
• Education for the development of soft skills
Behaviorism

31. Aim of
Education
• To develop intrinsically motivated learners
Role of
Education
• The teacher is advocator of teaching
students to learn how to learn.
Focus in the
Curriculum
• Education is anchored on experiential
learning.
Curriculum
Trends
• UNESCO’s Pillars of Education; Multiple
Perspective
Constructivism

32. PRINCIPLES AND
PHILOSOPHY OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATION

33. ART. II, SEC.17 (1987 PHIL.
CONSTITUTION)
• Section 17. The State shall give priority to
education, science and technology, arts, culture,
and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism,
accelerate social progress, and promote total
human liberation and development.

34. ART. XIV, SEC. 1-2 (1987 PHIL.
CONSTITUTION)
• Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality
education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.
• Section 2. The State shall:
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people and society;
(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high
school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children,
elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;

35. ART. XIV, SEC. 1-2 (1987 PHIL. CONSTITUTION
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs,
subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in
both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged;
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as
self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those
that respond to community needs; and
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in
civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills.

36. YOUR PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE

37. PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF TEACHING
• A teaching (philosophy) statement is a purposeful and reflective essay about the
author’s teaching beliefs and practices.
• It is an individual narrative that includes not only one’s beliefs about the teaching
and learning process but also concrete examples of the ways in which he or she
enacts these beliefs in the classroom

38. WHY HAVE A TEACHING PHILOSOPHY?
• Teachers who perform with a purpose will find themselves
more focused, rejuvenated and excited. Through the various
highs and lows, a teaching philosophy or “mission statement”
helps an educator stay true to one’s core beliefs.

39. WHO NEEDS A TEACHING PHILOSOPHY?
• Pre-service Teachers
• New Teachers
• Seasoned Teachers

40. WHAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN A
TEACHING PHILOSOPHY STATEMENT?
- A teaching philosophy statement is a clear and concise one- to two-page account of
your teaching methods and expertise.
- At the very least, statements should address foundational questions:
∙ Why do you teach?
∙ What do you teach?
∙ How do you teach?
∙ How do you measure your own effectiveness

41. YOUR PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE
• Your philosophy of education is your window to the world and
your compass in life. Your philosophy of education is reflected
in your dealings with students, colleagues, parents and
administrators. Your attitude towards problems and life as a
whole has an underlying philosophy.

42. YOUR PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE
• What does a philosophy of education contain or include? It includes your
concept about:
• The human person, the learner in particular and the educated person.
• What is true and good and therefore must be taught.
• How a learner must be taught in order to come close the truth.
• What is true and good and therefore must be taught.

43. HOW TO WRITE A TEACHING PHILOSOPHY
STATEMENT
• Keep it brief. The statement should be no more than one to two pages,
• Use present tense, and write the statement in the first person, as the previous
examples illustrate.
• Avoid jargon. Use common, everyday language, not "technical terms,".
• Create a "vivid portrait" that includes "strategies and methods ... (to help) your
reader take a mental 'peek' into your classroom,"
• Make sure you talk about "your experiences and your beliefs" and ensure your
statement is original and truly describes the methods and philosophy you would
employ in teaching

44. YOUR PHILOSOPHICAL HERITAGE
• What does a philosophy of education contain or include? It includes your
concept about:
• The human person, the learner in particular and the educated person.
• What is true and good and therefore must be taught.
• How a learner must be taught in order to come close the truth.
• What is true and good and therefore must be taught.

45. SAMPLE TEACHING PHILOSOPHY
• I believe that each learner is a unique individual that possesses the ability to meet and
actualize his fullest potentials. With this in mind, I believe that the goal of education is to
nurture the growth and development of every person’s intellectual, moral, emotional,
social, physical and creative potentials, and cultivate a sense of social justice and
reverence for the natural environment in every individual..
To reach this goal, I believe that it is the role of the school to guide the students in the
development of problem-solving skills, emotional skills, basic knowledge and core skills,
and raise students’ moral and social consciousness.

46. • As an educator, I will present curriculum that includes the basic knowledge and
core skills that learners need to develop, together with other curricula that
involves the interest of the students which sparkles students’ motivation to learn
through problem-solving activities, authentic situation, collaborative learning,
self-directed learning with the goal to make students become active learners and
active constructor of knowledge. Also, I will apply democratic principles in the
classroom for them to learn to act responsibly in a democratic society.

47. • For the students to meet their full potential, I believe that as a teacher, it is my role
to act as a facilitator, a resource person, and a co-learner of my own students. I
will provide experiences to my students, so that my students could actively learn
by doing and relevant experiences.

48. • It is the role of my students to actively construct their own knowledge, cooperate
in collaborative works, become problem-solvers.
• To do this, I will establish and adapt a judicious approach to discipline, and I will
foster a safe learning environment that encourages active exchanges of
ideas, creativity, curiosity and critical thinking.

49. QUESTION 1
• The Department of Education gives greater emphasis on the development of basic
skills. What is the philosophical basis for this?
• a. Essentialism
• b. Existentialism
• c. Perennialism
• d. Constructivism

50. QUESTION 2
• Teacher M views his students as unique, free-choosing and responsible individuals.
All classroom activities revolve around the said premise. What theory underlies
this?
• a. Essentialism
• b. Existentialism
• c. Progressivism
• d. Constructivism

51. QUESTION 3
Scouting and Citizen's Army Training (CAT) give training in character-building,
citizenship training, etc. Which leads to the creation of a new social order and a new
society eventually. What philosophy supports this?
• a. Existentialism
• b. Perennialism
• c. Progressivism
• d. Reconstructionism

52. QUESTION 4
• Who raised the concept “Back to Basics ”?
A. Constructivism
B. Perennialism
C. Essentialism
D. Existentialism

53. QUESTION 5
• On what is based the need for teaching philosophy of
education?
• A. All pupils are not alike
B. Different ways of teaching-learning
C. Different systems of education found in different countries
D. Different philosophies expressed different points of view on
every aspect of education

54. QUESTION 6
• Which is the most widely accepted method of education,
according to the constructivist ?
A. Learning by repetition
B. Learning by doing
C. Lecturing by the teacher
D. Leaving the child free to learn

55. QUESTION 7
• Which of the following philosophies adhere to the teacher- centered method?
A. Constructivism and Perennialism
B. Existentialism and Essentialism
C. Behaviorism and Progressivism
D. Essentialism and Perennialism

56. QUESTION 8
• This philosophy acknowledges the great role of the teacher as the influencer for the
students to become morally upright citizens?
• A. Constructivism
B. Progressivism
C. Behaviorism
D. Existentialism

57. • Which of the following educational principles is NOT consistent with Essentialist philosophy?
• A. Teachers should inculcate among the students traditional moral values.
• B. . Children should be thoroughly and rigorously taught about basic subjects.
• C. Education should enhance creativity and socio-emotional skills.
• D. Schools should enforce mastery of body of information and fundamental skills.

58. QUESTION 10
• Which teaching strategy would a Progressive teacher would likely
use in his her teaching?
• a. Case studies
• b. Recitation
• c. Lecture
• d. Memory drills