The top five supercomputers in the world are Frontier (USA), Fujaku (Japan), Lumi (Finland), Leonardo (Italy), and Summit (USA). Supercomputers are highly specialized computers designed to perform complex calculations at high speeds. They are used for scientific and engineering applications in fields like quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, and molecular modeling. Key terms include AMD EPYC processors, GHz clock speed, LINPACK performance measure, and FLOPS/s calculations. The document provides details on the location, purpose, specifications and power of each top supercomputer.

1. Top Five
Super Computers In World
MUHAMMAD ALI
DUA JAMIL
HANFA SHAH

2. OVERVIEW
Super Computer
Terms To Remember
Frontier(USA)
FUJAKU(JAPAN)
LUMI (Finland)
LEANARDO (ITALY)
Summit (USA)

3. SUPER COMPUTER
 A supercomputer is a type of computer that is designed to perform
complex calculations at high speeds. These computers are typically used
for scientific and engineering work that requires a lot of processing
power.
 FIELDS IN WHICH USED:
 Quantum Mechanics
 Weather Forecasting
 Molecular Modeling

4. TERMS TO REMEMBER
 AMD EPYC:
 Company name
 GHz:
 Base Clock Speed
 BASE CLOCK SPEED:
 Minimum Speed of Operations of Core of Processor
 Linpack Performance:
 Measure of System FLOPS introduced by JACK DONGARRA
 FLOPS/s:
 Additions and Multiplications a computer can perform per second

5. Frontier (USA)
 LOCATION:
 Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) located in Tennessee, America.
 WORKED FOR:
 Creation of new technologies in the fields of materials
 science, energy, and medicine.
 INSTALLATION:
 Installed in 2021 and started operation in 2022
 SECIFICATIONS:
 Processor: AMD EPYC Optimized 3rd Generation 64C 2GHz
 Operating System: HPE Cray
 LINPACK performance: 1,102.00 Flops/s
 Power: 21,100.00 kW

6. FUJAKU (Japan)
LOCATION:
The RIKEN Center for
Computational Science in Wako, Japan.
DEVELOPMENT:
It was developed in June 2020.
WORKED FOR:
COVID-19 viral droplet infection prediction, space exploration, urban
transportation, etc.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Processor: A64FX 48C 2.2GHz
OS: Red Hat Enterprise Linux
LINPACK performance: 442.01 Flop/s
Power: 29,899.23 kW

7. LUMI (Finland)
LOCATION:
 . The IT Center for Science (CSC) in Kajaani, Finland.
DEVELOPMENT:
 It was developed in 2022.
WORKED FOR:
 Worked on fusion energy research, dark matter, climate and extreme events and cancer research.
SPECIFICATIONS:
 RUN on Hydrothermal Energy thus Environmental Friendly.
 Processor: AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz
 OS: HPE Cray
 LINPACK performance: 309.10 Flop/s
 Power: 6,015.77 kW

8. LEANARDO (Italy)
LOCATION:
located at the CINECA datacenter in Bologna, Italy.
DEVELOPMENT:
The world first saw LEANARDO on November 24, 2022.
WORKED FOR:
Leonardo is involved in a variety of research projects that could lead to advancements in artificial
intelligence (AI), cyber security, weather forecasting, management of risks associated with pandemics
and natural disasters.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Processor: Xeon Platinum 8358 32C 2.6GHz
OS: Linux
LINPACK performance: 174.70 Flop/s
Power: 5,610.00 kW

9. SUMMIT (USA)
LOCATION:
It is located in Oak Ridge National Laboratory Tennessee.
Development:
It was developed in 2018.
WORKED FOR:
To Solve challenging problems in the fields of energy, AI, human health, and
making predictions in physics, such as the lifetime of neutrinos.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Processor: IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz
OS: RHEL 7.4
LINPACK performance: 148.60 Flop/s
Power: 10,096.00 kW

10. Quantum computing is a field of computation that utilizes the principles of quantum
mechanics to perform certain types of calculations much faster and efficiently than
classical computers.
Here are a few important properties and applications of quantum computing:
QUANTUM COMPUTING
Properties of Quantum Computing:
• SUPERPOSITION:
Quantum bits (qubits) can exist in multiple states simultaneously, allowing quantum computers to
explore many possibilities in parallel.
• ENTANGLEMENT:
Qubits can be entangled, meaning the state of one qubit is dependent on the state of another,
even when they are physically separated. This property enables complex, interconnected
calculations.
• INTERFERENCE:
Quantum computers use interference effects to enhance correct solutions and reduce incorrect
ones, improving computational efficiency.

11. • QUANTUM TUNNELING:
Quantum computers can exploit quantum tunneling to solve certain optimization
problems efficiently.
 Challenges and Limitations:
• ERROR CORRECTIONS:
Quantum computers are highly susceptible to errors due to factors like decoherence.
Developing effective error correction is a major challenge.
• SCALABILITY:
Building large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers remains a significant technical
challenge.

12. THANKS