Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files or locks their computer and demands ransom in order to regain access. The document discusses 10 common types of ransomware including Locky, WannaCry, WordPress ransomware, Petya, Ryuk, DarkSide, Stuxnet, Jigsaw, Crypto ransomware, and GandCrab. These ransomware strains target devices through infected emails or websites and exploit software vulnerabilities. The document concludes by recommending the use of K7 antivirus software to protect against ransomware and other cyber threats.