This is an PPT about Tools of Genomics.

1. Presented By:
Gaurav Kumar
MCA/25006/18

2.  A genome is an organism’s complete set of
DNA, including all of its genes.
 In the fields of molecular
biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic
material of an organism.
 It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses).
 The genome includes both
the genes (the coding regions) and
the noncoding DNA
 The study of the genome is called genomics

3.  Each genome contains all of the information
needed to build and maintain that organism.
 In humans, a copy of the entire genome—
more than 3 billion DNA base pairs—is
contained in all cells that have a nucleus.
 The study of the genome is called genomics.

4.  Genomics is an area within genetics that
concerns the sequencing and analysis of an
organism’s genome.
 It involves the study of all genes at the DNA,
mRNA, and proteome level as well as the
cellular or tissue level.
 The term genomics was first coined in 1986
by Tom Roderick, a geneticist at the Jackson
Laboratory in Maine, during a meeting about
the mapping of the human genome.

5.  Genomics is the study of all genes present in an
organism.
 By definition, it can be defined as “A discipline in
genetics that applies recombinant DNA,DNA
sequencing methods and bioinformatics to
sequence, assemble and analyze the structure
and function of genomes.”
 It includes studies of intragenomic phenomena
such as heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other
interactions between loci and alleles within the
genomes.

6. The different research areas of genomics can
be as follows :
1. Structural Genomics
2. Functional Genomics
3. Comparative Genomics

7. The main goal of genomics is to :
 Sequence the entire genome by cutting it into
small, manageable pieces (fragments).
 Assemble the entire genome from the pieces
(fragments).
 Understand how gene expression takes
place.

8.  Identity comparison for new nucleic acid
sequences.
 Analysis of gene expression profile.
 Database of model organism.
 Hunting for disses-related genes.
 Analysis of the genes related to drug action.
 Screening of poisonous side effect genes.

9.  Sequencing genomes helps understand how
the genome as a whole and how the genes
work together to direct the growth,
development and maintenance of an entire
organism.
 The genome sequence will represent a
valuable shortcut, thus helping to find genes
much more easily and quickly.

10.  Break genome into smaller
fragments
 Sequence those smaller pieces
 Piece the sequences of the short
fragments together

11.  Hierarchical shotgun sequencing
-Useful for sequencing genomes of higher
vertebrates that contain repetitive sequences.
 Whole genome Shotgun Sequencing
-Useful for smaller genomes.

12.  Genomics can be useful in following ways :
 It can be used in the field of medicine for
early detection of genetic diseases and its
diagnosis and treatment.
 It is also useful in the field of agriculture.
 To study evolution through mutation
lineages.
 In forensic science.