Ingles Tecnico

1. Technical Review of
Petroleum Engineering
January, 2016 -Vol 1- Num 1
Editorial
IUPSM-MARACAIBO
Publishing and Writing
By Tonny Felipe Iturriago
School of Petroleum
Engineering

2. Technical Review of Petroleum Engineering
Content
 OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROMSUNFLOWER OIL
USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY.
By: Mojtaba Mansourpoor and Dr. Ahmad Shariati / Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
 DEMAND OUTLOOK: AL GOLDEN AGE OF NATURAL GAS
By: William Liss . Gas Tecnology institute/ Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
 OFFSHORE DRILLING
By: Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
 SURFACE SEPARATOR EXPERIMENT VALIDATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
FOR RESERVOIR STUDIES BEHAVIOR
By: ULA /Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo

3. Technical Review of Petroleum Engineering
Preface
Petroleum engineering, petroleum engineering,
petroleum engineering and petroleum engineering is the
part of engineering that combines scientific and practical
methods aimed at developing techniques to discover,
develop, develop, transport, process and treat oil from
its natural state, at the site until the final products or
derivatives.
In this magazine of technical articles related to
petroleum engineering various relevant aspects of great
importance mentioned in how to peroforacion, refining
and projected gas demand both in Venezuela and in the
world
Tonny Felipe Iturriago

4. OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM
SUNFLOWER OIL USING RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY.
First you must define the biodiesel (biofuel) is a liquid
obtained from natural lipids such as vegetable and animal fats
or oils, with or without use, 1 by industrial processes of
esterification and transesterification, and is applied in the
preparation of Total or partial substitute for petrodiesel oil or
gas oil. Biodiesel can be blended with diesel fuel from oil
refining in different amounts. Abbreviated notations are used as
the volume percentage of biodiesel in the blend: B100 only
when using biodiesel, or other notations as B5, B15, B30 or B50,
where the number indicates the percentage by volume of
biodiesel in the blend.
Vegetable oil, whose properties for driving motors are known
since the invention of the diesel engine through the work of
Rudolf Diesel, and was destined for conventional combustion
engines or adapted diesel cycle. At the beginning of the century,
in the context of seeking new sources of renewable energy, its
development was promoted for use in automobiles as an
alternative fuel to petroleum.
By: Mojtaba Mansourpoor and Dr. Ahmad Shariati / Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo

5. OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM
SUNFLOWER OIL USING RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY.
The exponential growth of the world
population will ultimately lead to increased
demand for energy in the world. Oil is a
nonrenewable energy source, which means that
such resources are finite and fossil fuels would be
exhausted after continuous use. Both resource
scarcity and rising price of gasoline has led to the
results of the new alternative and renewable
energy sources. Biodiesel is defined as a fuel
composed of mono-alkyl ethers of fatty acids
derived from long chain vegetable oils or animal
fats. Non-toxic, biodegradable and available, it
has a high heat value, high oxygen content (10-
11%) and contains no sulfur and aromatics.
Biodiesel is a plant derived product, and which
contains oxygen in its molecule, which is a
cleaner-burning diesel fuel and gasoline.
Several studies have shown that biodiesel is a
better than fossil diesel in terms of engine
performance, emissions reduction, lubricity, fuel
and environmental benefits. Feedstocks current
biodiesel production or-mono alkyl ester are
vegetable oil, animal fats and micro algae oil.
Among them, the vegetable oil is currently used
as raw material sustainable business. Among the
more than 350 oil crops identified only sunflower,
safflower, soybean, cottonseed, rapeseed and
peanuts are considered as potential alternative
fuel for diesel engines. Vegetable oil is a
renewable fuel that recently have become more
attractive because of its environmental benefits
and the fact that it is from renewable resources
.Vegetable oil has a viscosity too high for use in
most diesel engines existing fuel oil as a straight
replacement..

6. OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM
SUNFLOWER OIL USING RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY.
Materials and Equipment
To use this test sunflower oil as well as a device
used in this work include reactor overhead stirrer
is used. The reactor used was a LR 2000P
modularly expandable The IKA laboratory reactor
was jacketed double walled vessels 2 liters
available in stainless steel with bottom discharge
valve. A mixer with 8-290 rpm model Eurostar
Power Control Visc P7-top stirrer is used for
mixing the reaction medium. The temperature
inside the reactor was controlled by a hot water
bath.

7. OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM
SUNFLOWER OIL USING RESPONSE SURFACE
METHODOLOGY.
Experiments And Methods
Various types of oils can be used for the production of biodiesel. most
common types of oils are sunflower oil. Kinetic experiments batch reaction
were used to optimize various parameters in the production of methyl
ethers. The transesterification reactions are carried out under various
conditions to determine optimum conditions of transesterification. Two
liters of sunflower oil poured into the reactor and allowed to equilibrate to
reaction temperature at 290 rpm. The hot water circulating in the reactor
jacket provided the necessary heat for the reaction. Variable quantities of
catalyst were dissolved in various amounts of methanol as described in each
test. After reaching a necessary temperature it was added potassium
methoxide reagent and was kept for 2 hours for reaction completion. After 2
hours the transesterification reaction was completed and mixture was
removed from the reactor and poured into separator funnel to biodiesel
separated from glycerol. The two phase separation is gravity requires at
least 4 hours.

8. DEMAND OUTLOOK: AL GOLDEN AGE OF
NATURAL GAS
.
By: William Liss. Gas Tecnology institute/ Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
Natural gas is a mixture of hydrogen and
carbon compounds and small amounts of
hydrocarbon compounds in the gas phase or
in solution with the crude oil that is in the
reservoir
Natural gas is a cost-competitive and efficient
energy fuel price, which we use in our
kitchen, to heat our homes, as fuel for the
industry to generate electricity as a
commodity for organic chemical synthesis.
Fuel is cleaner than fossil exists, so it is more
convenient to use this energy if it wanted to
preserve our environment.
Fighting air pollution is something that
concerns us all, therefore currently globally,
we make every effort to control emissions of
greenhouse gases.
The gas as an energy alternative, shows a
rising share of world energy markets and
demand is expected to continue rising in the
next twenty years.

9. DEMAND OUTLOOK: AL GOLDEN AGE OF
NATURAL GAS
.
By: William Liss. Gas Tecnology institute/ Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
Gas deposits in the World
The largest gas fields in the world are in the
Middle East and the former Soviet Union
occupying the 40 and 35% respectively. This is
an unequal distribution as the sum of both
parts of the world reserves of natural gas
approachingthree quarters.
Due to the wide use of gas in different
industries, every day the quality is optimized
search techniques of these deposits. It is also
possible to find natural gas in oil fields, about
1 m³ oil is accompanied by 85 cubic meters of
naturalgas.

10. DEMAND OUTLOOK: AL GOLDEN AGE OF
NATURAL GAS
.
By: William Liss. Gas Tecnology institute/ Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
Gas deposits in Venezuela
The largest gas reserves in Venezuela are in
the north and northwest of the country, on
the shores of the Caribbean and Atlantic
continental shelf, occupying an area of ​​over
500,000 square kilometers.
In the west of the country it has gas reserves
of 35 trillion cubic feet and in the eastern part
amountsto 65 trillioncubic feet.
Gas fields in Venezuela are promising to the
extent that production estimates are
expected to increase in the period up to
2012, from 6,300 million to 11,500 million
cubic feet per day (MMSCFD).
Production in the west of the country will
increase from 1100-1400MMPCD in the
center of the country, specifically in the
area of ​​Placer Yucal production from 100
to 300 MMcfd be increased; Anaco and
1,700 million to 2,794 million cubic feet.
All this without the addition of
production from Mariscal Sucre project
whose activities are estimated in the
order of 1,200 million cubic feet, and the
Deltana platform by 1,000 MMcfd.

11. DEMAND OUTLOOK: AL GOLDEN AGE OF
NATURAL GAS
.
By: William Liss. Gas Tecnology institute/ Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
Gas deposits in Venezuela

12. OFFSHORE DRILLING
.By: Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
In 1897, off the coast of California (USA) it was when I first was drilled in
offshore. At that time, the techniques used were not as sophisticated as
today and not a number of considerations were made before drilling,
such as water depth, climate, ocean currents, cost, reliability of
equipment, etc.
However, as the technology is refined marine operations to access
deeper and challenging places, offshore drilling evolved in two main
directions: wells drilled in areas where the water column increased
every year and the subsea completionof wells.
In general terms it has to drilling an oil well begins when a driver, which
is nothing but a pipe that prevents water from seeping into the well,
then the wick is lowered to the seabed is driven. The wick can be of
various materials, mainly steel or tungsten with small industrial
diamonds. The wick is connected to a drill string that is rotated from the
platform, and dimensions depend on the characteristics of the hole to
be drilled. Drillingthe hole can last for weeks or even months.

13. OFFSHORE DRILLING
.By: Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
Well completion
In the subsea completion wells heads found on the
seabed connected to the flow lines that carry oil
and gas to the surface of the first wells were
completed from drill holes with the help of divers
who directed the movement equipment and
operating the valves. Currently, and due to the
great depths reached, it has operated remote
control that help this work vehicles
In Figure the well completion process shown using
a horizontal production tree. Generally this process
can be summarized as follows:

14. OFFSHORE DRILLING
.By: Tonny Iturriago IUPSM-Maracaibo
Well completion
- Sleep well: fluid is injected and plugs stands to stop the flow of the
well, then the drill string is retrieved.
- Horizontal production tree, valves drilling, completion column is
installedand the plugs recovered.
- Completion: the well is conditioned, the fluid is changed by the
well completion, conditionof back pressure is created in the well..
- Cannonadessubsequently, and the column is recovered completion.
- A hat of waste, which has telescopic legs installed.
- The well is suspended
- Connecting to the productionline

15. SURFACE SEPARATOR EXPERIMENT VALIDATION
AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR RESERVOIR STUDIES
BEHAVIOR.
By: Tonny IturriagoIUPSM-Maracaibo
An important PVT experiment is surface separator, which
can be used to determine the performance of the fluids on
the surface, and for the design of surface facilities.
A description of the surface separator experiment, its main
characteristics and the advantages of having an
appropriate set of conditions of temperature and pressure
to recover the maximum amount of oil in the battery
separator it’s presented.
The results of surface separator experiment reported by
some laboratories are analyzed; also the main reasons why
not having consistent results and key issues to review the
quality of these studies are discussed for the purpose of
incorporating reliable results in compositional simulation
studies.

16. SURFACE SEPARATOR EXPERIMENT VALIDATION
AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR RESERVOIR STUDIES
BEHAVIOR.
By: Tonny IturriagoIUPSM-Maracaibo
Review separation experiments in
stages
The experiment separation stages (SEE), it is a series
of flash separation tests that are performed at
different stages of pressure and temperature in the
laboratory in order to reproduce the conditions in
which the batteries will operate for a separation
certain field, by this test can quantify the effect of
the separation conditions of both pressure and
temperature on laspropiedades oil, oil density, gas oil
ratio, and gas composition and oil in order to be able
to have an optimal set of conditions of separation to
recover the maximum amount of liquid in the storage
tank