The document discusses four types of exam questions: 1) Hierarchical relationships, where one word encompasses another like relatives or types of walking. 2) Analogies comparing two things that are similar, like exercise strengthening the heart and reading strengthening the mind. 3) Nominalization of statements using a single word to summarize a sentence's meaning, such as using "behavior" to describe "The boy often makes noise in the office." 4) Drawing on life experiences outside of language, for example recognizing that when a bull rushes toward you, people would scatter in all directions.