AI

1. Artificial Intelligence in
Higher Education: A Primer
Clarissa Steele
Assistant Professor, Department of Management

2. Different Kinds
of AI
• Generative AI
• Large Language Models: ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Google Bard, Claud
• Most allow uploads (e.g., for analyzing or summarizing articles)
• To find research: scite, Elicit, Research Rabbit
• Convert audio to text: Microsoft 365, Notta, otter.ai
• Images: DALL-E, Midjourney, Bing AI Image Creator
• Coding: OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, DeepCode
• This list is not comprehensive!
• Search for new AI tools online (e.g., "[task you want to do] AI")

3. Prompt Engineering (DataCamp, May 2023)
Clarity: define what
you want model to do
and kind of output
you want (e.g., a
summary, an analysis)
1
Context: provide
clear context and
instructions
2
Precision:
specifically ask for
what you want
(e.g., a list, a
paragraph)
3
Role-play: give
ChatGPT a role to
play
4

4. Learning to Use AI
Practice, practice, practice!
Pick an AI tool
and practice
You don't have to learn how to use all the tools and you don't
need to spend hours learning: aim for familiarity
• Try administrative tasks (e.g., writing reference letters for
students, writing replies to email)
• Many tools will allow longer conversations the more you use
them
Caution: AI may not be very useful
for academic research
Can't access information behind paywalls
Some journals not allowing any use of AI in
the research and writing process

5. Ethics
of
Using
AI
in
Learning
and
Work
The Good
• Can save us time
• Allows us to focus on what's really important in class
• Gives our students skills they'll need in school and after graduation
The Bad
• Can violate student privacy
• Can produce bias
• Students can develop unhealthy habits
• Too dependent on AI to do the work that helps them learn
• Lack of quality in their work
• Misuse of time
• May not be transparent about using AI in their assignments
• Students may experience unequal access to AI tools
And the Ugly
• AI can hallucinate information and sources

6. Using AI to
Improve Learning

7. Before Class
• Brainstorm lesson plans and activities
• Customize materials for different student
preferences (e.g., reading level, different
interests)
• Generate common student questions to
prepare for class
• Create guides, checklists, rubrics,
instructions for assignments
• Create instructional materials such as
worksheets
• Make more interesting slides

8. Reading
• Ask AI to summarize text
• Create quizzes with AI for
reading checks
• Develop questions and topics
for discussion
• Be careful! Uploading texts
could violate copyright!

9. Understanding Concepts
• Ask AI for examples and applications of concepts
• List common misconceptions or struggles
• Explain steps in a concept; ask to add steps
• Explain a concept in a simpler way (e.g., for a
3rd grader)
• Create analogies
• Generate list of topics/ideas, assign a topic or
idea to each group, ask groups to disseminate
and integrate their analysis
• Have students create public service
announcements with text and images with the
help of AI
• Differentiate instruction by asking AI for
suggestions for different groups of students

10. Making Learning More Fun
• Create puzzles and scenarios to solve
• Create interactive chatbots and simulation
• e.g., ask AI to pretend it is Marie Curie, you'll play
20 questions, and it can only answer with yes or no
• Write a pitch for a TV show or movie based on a
concept
• Create a list of something that meets certain criteria
(e.g., a list of the best authors of horror novels or short
stories from the 20th century outside of the U.S.)
• Have AI generate a best-of list and justify its
methodology
• Ask students if they agree or not and how to
improve the methodology

11. Writing and Revising
• Brainstorm writing prompts
• Grammar and structure feedback on writing
• Be careful! AI learns from everything
uploaded
• Critique text and arguments generated by AI
• Ask students to create different prompts
to improve the AI output (e.g., giving
specific topics vs. asking for examples,
changing specific paragraphs vs. full text)
• Compare essay written by student and one
written by AI on the same topic
• Can compare flow, argument reasoning,
validity of arguments, clarity, etc.
• Can compare samples for students to see
writing that meets assignment criteria
and writing that does not

12. Writing and Revising
(Con't)
• Find the intruder: Mix texts written by AI and
humans and have students identify with are created
by AI and why
• Have students develop a claim or argument and ask
AI to refute it
• Ask students to use refutation to improve their
argumentation
• For non-native students, have them write in their
native language and then translate with AI
• For world language students, they can check
their writing with translation
• For advanced world language students, can
check translations of writing in different styles
(e.g., academic vs. colloquial) or from different
dialects

13. Writing and Revising
(Con't)
• Revise text with AI for different formats or
lengths (e.g., essay, blog, social media post)
• Revise text for different audiences
• Expand on an outline by having AI generate
one or two paragraphs for each point
• Analyze an example of bias created by AI (e.g.,
have AI create scenario with an elementary
school teacher and a principal)
• Argue for or against AI censorship (Ethan
Mollick's example: ask AI to use Feminist
theory to critique the Quran)

14. Testing Learning
• Create quiz/test questions
• Guess answers (for students
testing their learning)
• Provide answers (for creating a
test)
• Ask AI to generate text about a
concept and have students
• Find and explain incorrect
information
• Identify gaps or missing aspects

15. Specific Class Examples
Writing or
editing code
Debugging
code
Making
marketing
material like
taglines and
social media
posts with AI
Asking AI to
rewrite
something in
a particular
style or using
literary or
rhetorical
devices
Be cautious
with prompts
that ask for
calculations!

16. Saving You Time!
• Develop responses to common
student questions
• Create templates for student emails
• Write cover letters and other
written materials for administrative
tasks

17. How Else Have You
Used AI?
Feel free to unmute your mic or type in the chat

18. Resources
• Mollick, E. R., & Mollick, L. (Dec 2022). New modes of learning enabled by AI chatbots: Three
methods and assignments. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4300783
• Mollick, E. (17 Feb 2023). "My class required AI. Here's what I've learned so far." One Useful Thing
blog. https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/my-class-required-ai-heres-what-ive
• Mollick, E., & Mollick, L. (26 Apr 2023). Let ChatGPT be your teaching assistant. Harvard Business
Review. https://hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/let-chatgpt-be-your-teaching-assistant
• Mollick, E. (12 Jun 2023). "Assigning AI: Seven ways of using AI in class." One Useful Thing
blog. https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/assigning-ai-seven-ways-of-using
• Mollick, E. (15 Jul 2023). "How to use AI to do stuff: An opinionated guide." One Useful Thing
blog. https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/how-to-use-ai-to-do-stuff-an-opinionated
• Stanford, C. (12 Jul 2023). "Incorporating AI in teaching: Practical examples for busy instructors."
Daniel Stanford's Substack. https://danielstanford.substack.com/p/incorporating-ai-in-teaching-
practical