The document discusses the transition from the age of strategic stability after World War 2 to a new era of strategic anarchy following the 9/11 attacks. It argues that President George W. Bush, through his narrow worldview and lack of strategic perception, has made the world a far more dangerous place for the US. The author proposes that anti-American forces could bring about the US's long-term strategic downfall by applying Field Marshal Foch's principles of economy of force and denial of enemy maneuverability across various theaters over many stages, exhausting American power over decades. The new age of strategic uncertainty may unfold through phases of initial US attrition, expansion into new conflict areas, intense fighting there, culminating in American decline
During Reagan's first term as president, 52 American hostages in Iran were released after being held for over a year. Reagan enacted tax cuts and military spending increases that helped lower inflation and unemployment but increased the national debt. His anti-communist foreign policy included funding anti-Soviet rebels and the controversial Strategic Defense Initiative. However, terrorist attacks increased and Reagan ordered military strikes against Libya in response.
Mikhail Gorbachev implemented new economic and political reforms in the Soviet Union called glasnost and perestroika, allowing more openness and economic changes. Relations improved between the US and USSR under Reagan and Gorbachev. They signed the INF Treaty in 1987 eliminating intermediate-range missiles in Europe. In 1988, the USSR withdrew from Afghanistan, ending a war supported by US aid to anti-Soviet mujahideen. The Iran-Contra affair involved Reagan administration officials facilitating arms sales to Iran and diverting the proceeds to illegally fund anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
The document summarizes Paul Revere's famous midnight ride to warn colonists of an impending British attack. It describes how British troops secretly crossed the Charles River under General Gage's orders to strike rebel leaders. Paul Revere and others worked to spread the alarm by riding from town to town, warning the colonial militia. However, Revere was eventually surrounded and captured by British soldiers after spotting their ambush. Despite this, other riders like Doctor Prescott continued raising the alarm, mobilizing the colonial forces in towns like Lexington and Concord to prepare to face the advancing British troops.
This document provides a summary of key events that occurred each decade from 1900-1909 through 2000. Some of the notable events included the first flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903, the San Francisco earthquake and fires of 1906 and 1990, the beginning of the Panama Canal construction in 1990, the Russian Revolution of 1905, and the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population sizes, average salaries, and life expectancies increased each decade. By 2000, the population reached 281 million and life expectancy was over 70 years.
Paul Revere and others worked to spread the alarm that the British were marching to Concord in order to capture rebel leaders and weapons. Revere was captured by the British but others like Doctor Prescott continued raising the alarm across towns. As the alarm spread, militia leaders like John Parker began assembling and mustering their men to prepare to face the advancing British troops. The Lexington militia contained men ranging from ages 16 to 66, showing the colonial resistance was a communal effort.
During the Eisenhower era of the 1950s, the United States experienced an economic boom driven by suburban home building, growth in electronics and aerospace, and a shift to more white-collar jobs. Women increasingly entered the workforce, though the 1950s ideal still emphasized domesticity. Betty Friedan's 1963 book The Feminine Mystique sparked the modern feminist movement. Consumerism expanded with new technologies like credit cards and entertainment forms including television and rock music. Eisenhower ended the Korean War and pursued a "New Look" foreign policy emphasizing nuclear deterrence over conventional forces. However, events like the Soviet invasions of Hungary and developments in the Middle East challenged this strategy. The civil rights movement gained momentum through the NA
The battles of Trenton and Princeton were important Revolutionary War victories for the colonists led by General George Washington. In Trenton on December 26, 1776, Washington launched a surprise attack against Hessian troops commanded by Colonel Johann Rall, who were caught off guard while celebrating Christmas. The poorly prepared Hessians were defeated within two hours, with over 900 captured. In Princeton on January 3, 1777, Washington outmaneuvered British forces led by General Cornwallis and General Mawhood, defeating them and gaining another much-needed victory for the colonial cause.
The document discusses the transition from the age of strategic stability after World War 2 to a new era of strategic anarchy following the 9/11 attacks. It argues that President George W. Bush, through his narrow worldview and lack of strategic perception, has made the world a far more dangerous place for the US. The author proposes that anti-American forces could bring about the US's long-term strategic downfall by applying Field Marshal Foch's principles of economy of force and denial of enemy maneuverability across various theaters over many stages, exhausting American power over decades. The new age of strategic uncertainty may unfold through phases of initial US attrition, expansion into new conflict areas, intense fighting there, culminating in American decline
During Reagan's first term as president, 52 American hostages in Iran were released after being held for over a year. Reagan enacted tax cuts and military spending increases that helped lower inflation and unemployment but increased the national debt. His anti-communist foreign policy included funding anti-Soviet rebels and the controversial Strategic Defense Initiative. However, terrorist attacks increased and Reagan ordered military strikes against Libya in response.
Mikhail Gorbachev implemented new economic and political reforms in the Soviet Union called glasnost and perestroika, allowing more openness and economic changes. Relations improved between the US and USSR under Reagan and Gorbachev. They signed the INF Treaty in 1987 eliminating intermediate-range missiles in Europe. In 1988, the USSR withdrew from Afghanistan, ending a war supported by US aid to anti-Soviet mujahideen. The Iran-Contra affair involved Reagan administration officials facilitating arms sales to Iran and diverting the proceeds to illegally fund anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
The document summarizes Paul Revere's famous midnight ride to warn colonists of an impending British attack. It describes how British troops secretly crossed the Charles River under General Gage's orders to strike rebel leaders. Paul Revere and others worked to spread the alarm by riding from town to town, warning the colonial militia. However, Revere was eventually surrounded and captured by British soldiers after spotting their ambush. Despite this, other riders like Doctor Prescott continued raising the alarm, mobilizing the colonial forces in towns like Lexington and Concord to prepare to face the advancing British troops.
This document provides a summary of key events that occurred each decade from 1900-1909 through 2000. Some of the notable events included the first flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903, the San Francisco earthquake and fires of 1906 and 1990, the beginning of the Panama Canal construction in 1990, the Russian Revolution of 1905, and the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population sizes, average salaries, and life expectancies increased each decade. By 2000, the population reached 281 million and life expectancy was over 70 years.
Paul Revere and others worked to spread the alarm that the British were marching to Concord in order to capture rebel leaders and weapons. Revere was captured by the British but others like Doctor Prescott continued raising the alarm across towns. As the alarm spread, militia leaders like John Parker began assembling and mustering their men to prepare to face the advancing British troops. The Lexington militia contained men ranging from ages 16 to 66, showing the colonial resistance was a communal effort.
During the Eisenhower era of the 1950s, the United States experienced an economic boom driven by suburban home building, growth in electronics and aerospace, and a shift to more white-collar jobs. Women increasingly entered the workforce, though the 1950s ideal still emphasized domesticity. Betty Friedan's 1963 book The Feminine Mystique sparked the modern feminist movement. Consumerism expanded with new technologies like credit cards and entertainment forms including television and rock music. Eisenhower ended the Korean War and pursued a "New Look" foreign policy emphasizing nuclear deterrence over conventional forces. However, events like the Soviet invasions of Hungary and developments in the Middle East challenged this strategy. The civil rights movement gained momentum through the NA
The battles of Trenton and Princeton were important Revolutionary War victories for the colonists led by General George Washington. In Trenton on December 26, 1776, Washington launched a surprise attack against Hessian troops commanded by Colonel Johann Rall, who were caught off guard while celebrating Christmas. The poorly prepared Hessians were defeated within two hours, with over 900 captured. In Princeton on January 3, 1777, Washington outmaneuvered British forces led by General Cornwallis and General Mawhood, defeating them and gaining another much-needed victory for the colonial cause.
PRIVATE MEETING BETWEEN ARAFAT AND KREISKY - US BRIEFINGThierry Debels
Chancellor Kreisky briefed Ambassador Wolf on his meetings with Yasser Arafat, relaying the following key points:
1. The PLO is now willing to co-exist with Israel if an independent Palestinian state is established in the West Bank and Gaza, and if Israel clarifies its regional role.
2. Arafat supports the 1977 Vance-Gromyko plan as a basis for negotiations and would attend a conference based on this plan involving the PLO, Israel, Syria, Jordan and Egypt.
3. Kreisky observed that Arafat seemed changed, more frank and flexible than in previous meetings, searching for more respectability and solutions to the Palestinian issue.
The document describes the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolutionary War. It explains that while the British were celebrating their victories on Christmas, General Washington led around 2,000 men in a surprise overnight attack against the British forces in Trenton. Though they faced difficulties crossing the Delaware River, the Patriots were able to take the British by surprise when most of their officers were drunk. This victory boosted American morale and was a turning point in the war, after many previous losses.
Franklin Pierce was the 14th President of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. He was born in New Hampshire in 1804 and attended Bowdoin College. Pierce had a political career in New Hampshire as a state legislator and US Congressman and Senator. As the Democratic nominee in 1852, Pierce was elected President with support for the Compromise of 1850, though he lost the national popular vote. His presidency was marked by rising sectional tensions over slavery due to his signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. After leaving office in 1857, Pierce returned to New Hampshire where he died in 1869.
Charles I was tried and executed for treason in 1649 after the English Civil War. His death was controversial, with some viewing it as justified punishment of a tyrant while others saw it as the martyrdom of a monarch. Oliver Cromwell then ruled the new English Republic as Lord Protector, but he consolidated power through military force and ruled as a dictator, imposing harsh religious policies and invading Ireland and Scotland. Cromwell's legacy is complex, as he overthrew the king but then denied freedoms himself. The republican experiment in England was short-lived and ended with his death in 1658.
Franklin Pierce served as the 14th President of the United States from 1853 to 1857. He was a Democrat who believed in upholding the Constitution despite political unrest. Pierce had a military and political career before becoming president, but his time in office was marred by tensions over slavery leading up to the Civil War. His presidency saw events like the Gadsden Purchase and Bleeding Kansas that exacerbated divisions around the issue of expanding slavery into new territories.
This document summarizes key events from 1850-1860 that led to increasing sectional tensions between the North and South and eventually the secession of southern states and onset of the Civil War. It discusses the Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the elections of 1856 and 1860 which saw the Republican Party gain power in the North on an anti-slavery platform leading the South to secede after Lincoln's election in 1860.
The document summarizes key events leading up to World War 2 including the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression, and the rise of Hitler. It then outlines the Allied forces command structure and key generals like Montgomery, Clark, Patton, Bradley, and Alexander. Next, it lists the outcomes of World War 2 such as the Allies victory, the collapse of Nazi Germany, the creation of the UN, and the emergence of the US and Soviet Union as superpowers. In conclusion, it provides some statistics on casualties and links for further information.
The document provides an overview of records at the National Archives related to the Katyn Forest Massacre held by the U.S. House of Representatives, Department of State, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and records of foreign service posts. It describes several key collections, including records from the House Select Committee investigation, State Department files on Polish-Soviet relations and prisoners of war, and FBI files regarding the massacre.
The document provides a chronological overview of major events in Jewish history from the time of Abraham around 1812 BCE through 1967 CE. Some of the key events and time periods mentioned include the Exodus from Egypt around 1312 BCE, the giving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai, the conquest of the promised land of Canaan, the division of Israel into two kingdoms in 796 BCE, the destruction of the first and second temples in Jerusalem by the Babylonians and Romans, the exile of Jews from Israel, Jewish rebellions against Roman rule and subsequent suppression, the spread and dominance of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Islamic conquests in the Middle East and Jerusalem in the 7th century CE, the Crusades from
The document provides background information on several topics related to post-World War 2 geopolitics, including the formation of Israel, Palestinian statehood, and ongoing conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors. It discusses the British mandate over Palestine after WWI, the UN partition plan that created Israel in 1948, and subsequent wars like the Six Day War of 1967 and Yom Kippur War of 1973. It also outlines diplomatic efforts like the Camp David Accords and Oslo Accords that sought peace agreements.
Causes of the Civil War power point worksheetyoungie26
The document summarizes the key events and issues that led to the outbreak of the Civil War. It discusses the sectional divide between the North and South over slavery and states' rights issues, including the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Southern states beginning to secede in 1860-1861, and Lincoln's response calling for the preservation of the Union in his inaugural address.
This study guide covers chapters 10 and 11 and provides questions about key events and people in the Civil War and Reconstruction eras, including the Homestead Act, battles of the Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln's assassination, the 14th Amendment, impeachment of President Johnson, the Freedman's Bureau, and the rise of groups like the Ku Klux Klan and Redeemers during Reconstruction. It also asks about political groups like the Greenback, Agricultural Wheel, Union Labor, and Populist parties during this time period.
The document provides information about slavery in the United States, including:
1) Slaves endured 16 hour workdays from sunup to sundown and cruel punishments. They maintained family ties from extended families tracing back to Africa.
2) Nat Turner was a slave preacher who led a slave rebellion in 1831 that killed 60 white people, increasing southern fears of revolt and leading to innocent blacks being killed.
3) Spirituals were religious songs slaves used to pass hidden messages, and the Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped runaway slaves reach freedom, including Harriet Tubman who returned 19 times as a conductor.
This biography summarizes the life and career of George H.W. Bush. It details that he was born in Massachusetts, raised in Connecticut, served as a Navy pilot during WWII, got his degree from Yale and went into the oil business in Texas. It outlines his extensive political career including as UN Ambassador, RNC Chair, envoy to China, CIA Director, Vice President under Reagan from 1981-1989. It provides an overview of his 1988 presidential campaign against Michael Dukakis and summaries of his domestic and foreign policies as president from 1989-1993.
The document discusses several key events and developments during the 1920s in the United States. It describes Warren G. Harding being elected president in 1920 on a platform of returning to normalcy. His administration pursued isolationist foreign policies and passed restrictive immigration laws. There was also significant labor unrest during this period driven by issues like inflation and new technologies. Additionally, the Russian Revolution and fear of communism led to the Red Scare and violations of civil liberties in the Palmer Raids. The administration of Harding and later Coolidge was also plagued by scandals like Teapot Dome, in which government oil lands were leased to private companies at low prices.
Lecture/presentation exploring the role the "Border States" played in the conflict, the advantages and disadvantages of both sides, and the first Battle of Bull Run.
This document summarizes 8 parts of the Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin collection from the CIA library. It provides concise overviews of the geopolitical issues covered in the intelligence reports from 1951 to 1958, including the ongoing Korean War, tensions with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, anti-colonial movements in Asia and Africa, the Suez Crisis, launch of Sputnik, and political instability in countries like Iran, Vietnam and Indonesia.
SOVIETS TRIED TO MASSAGE MARTENS ABOUT AFGHANISTANThierry Debels
THE SOVIET AMBASSADOR MADE A DEMARCHE TO
BELGIAN PRIME MINISTER MARTENS DECEMBER 28 ATTEMPTING TO EXPLAIN THE SOVIET INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN (TRANSLATION OF DEMARCHE IS IN PARA. 11). SOVIETS ALSO MADE A SIMILAR
EXPLANATION TO US WHICH PROVIDED US THE OPPORTUNITY TO
ELICIT FURTHER SOVIET VIEWS, AS WELL AS TO INDICATE THE
LEVEL OF CONCERN. THE SOVIETS SOUGHT TO BLAME CHINA,
PAKISTAN AND THE US FOR FOMENTING THE INTERNAL PROBLEMS
IN AFGHANISTAN WHICH NECESSITATED THE INTERVENTION. THEY
ALSO INSISTED THAT KARMAL WOULD BE MORE MODERATE IN BOTH
HIS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLICIES AND ADMITTED THAT IT
WAS NECESSARY TO REMOVE AMIN BECAUSE OF HIS DISASTROUS
INTERNAL POLICIES WHICH THEY COMPARED WITH IDI AMIN'S IN
UGANDA. T
ON APRIL 2 1977 THE SECRETARY CYRUS VANCE MET FOR 80 MINUTES PRIVATELY AT THE RESIDENCE IN PARIS WITH BELGIAN FOREIGN MINISTER VAN ELSLANDE AT THE LATTER'S REQUEST. VAN ELSLANDE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY HIS PERSONAL AIDE, VAN BELLINGHEN. UNDER
SECRETARY HABIB ALSO ATTENDED.
RED CARPET IV TRIP TO US HAD NO EFFECT ON TOBBACKThierry Debels
FLEMISH SOCIALIST PARTY FLOOR LEADER, RECENTLY-RETURNED FROM RED CARPET IV TRIP TO UNITED STATES, REAFFIRMS HIS FIRM OPPOSITION TO LRTNF AND
PREDICTS TOUGH BATTLE AHEAD FOR GOVERNMENT COALITION.
PRIVATE MEETING BETWEEN ARAFAT AND KREISKY - US BRIEFINGThierry Debels
Chancellor Kreisky briefed Ambassador Wolf on his meetings with Yasser Arafat, relaying the following key points:
1. The PLO is now willing to co-exist with Israel if an independent Palestinian state is established in the West Bank and Gaza, and if Israel clarifies its regional role.
2. Arafat supports the 1977 Vance-Gromyko plan as a basis for negotiations and would attend a conference based on this plan involving the PLO, Israel, Syria, Jordan and Egypt.
3. Kreisky observed that Arafat seemed changed, more frank and flexible than in previous meetings, searching for more respectability and solutions to the Palestinian issue.
The document describes the Battle of Trenton during the American Revolutionary War. It explains that while the British were celebrating their victories on Christmas, General Washington led around 2,000 men in a surprise overnight attack against the British forces in Trenton. Though they faced difficulties crossing the Delaware River, the Patriots were able to take the British by surprise when most of their officers were drunk. This victory boosted American morale and was a turning point in the war, after many previous losses.
Franklin Pierce was the 14th President of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. He was born in New Hampshire in 1804 and attended Bowdoin College. Pierce had a political career in New Hampshire as a state legislator and US Congressman and Senator. As the Democratic nominee in 1852, Pierce was elected President with support for the Compromise of 1850, though he lost the national popular vote. His presidency was marked by rising sectional tensions over slavery due to his signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. After leaving office in 1857, Pierce returned to New Hampshire where he died in 1869.
Charles I was tried and executed for treason in 1649 after the English Civil War. His death was controversial, with some viewing it as justified punishment of a tyrant while others saw it as the martyrdom of a monarch. Oliver Cromwell then ruled the new English Republic as Lord Protector, but he consolidated power through military force and ruled as a dictator, imposing harsh religious policies and invading Ireland and Scotland. Cromwell's legacy is complex, as he overthrew the king but then denied freedoms himself. The republican experiment in England was short-lived and ended with his death in 1658.
Franklin Pierce served as the 14th President of the United States from 1853 to 1857. He was a Democrat who believed in upholding the Constitution despite political unrest. Pierce had a military and political career before becoming president, but his time in office was marred by tensions over slavery leading up to the Civil War. His presidency saw events like the Gadsden Purchase and Bleeding Kansas that exacerbated divisions around the issue of expanding slavery into new territories.
This document summarizes key events from 1850-1860 that led to increasing sectional tensions between the North and South and eventually the secession of southern states and onset of the Civil War. It discusses the Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the elections of 1856 and 1860 which saw the Republican Party gain power in the North on an anti-slavery platform leading the South to secede after Lincoln's election in 1860.
The document summarizes key events leading up to World War 2 including the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression, and the rise of Hitler. It then outlines the Allied forces command structure and key generals like Montgomery, Clark, Patton, Bradley, and Alexander. Next, it lists the outcomes of World War 2 such as the Allies victory, the collapse of Nazi Germany, the creation of the UN, and the emergence of the US and Soviet Union as superpowers. In conclusion, it provides some statistics on casualties and links for further information.
The document provides an overview of records at the National Archives related to the Katyn Forest Massacre held by the U.S. House of Representatives, Department of State, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and records of foreign service posts. It describes several key collections, including records from the House Select Committee investigation, State Department files on Polish-Soviet relations and prisoners of war, and FBI files regarding the massacre.
The document provides a chronological overview of major events in Jewish history from the time of Abraham around 1812 BCE through 1967 CE. Some of the key events and time periods mentioned include the Exodus from Egypt around 1312 BCE, the giving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai, the conquest of the promised land of Canaan, the division of Israel into two kingdoms in 796 BCE, the destruction of the first and second temples in Jerusalem by the Babylonians and Romans, the exile of Jews from Israel, Jewish rebellions against Roman rule and subsequent suppression, the spread and dominance of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Islamic conquests in the Middle East and Jerusalem in the 7th century CE, the Crusades from
The document provides background information on several topics related to post-World War 2 geopolitics, including the formation of Israel, Palestinian statehood, and ongoing conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors. It discusses the British mandate over Palestine after WWI, the UN partition plan that created Israel in 1948, and subsequent wars like the Six Day War of 1967 and Yom Kippur War of 1973. It also outlines diplomatic efforts like the Camp David Accords and Oslo Accords that sought peace agreements.
Causes of the Civil War power point worksheetyoungie26
The document summarizes the key events and issues that led to the outbreak of the Civil War. It discusses the sectional divide between the North and South over slavery and states' rights issues, including the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Southern states beginning to secede in 1860-1861, and Lincoln's response calling for the preservation of the Union in his inaugural address.
This study guide covers chapters 10 and 11 and provides questions about key events and people in the Civil War and Reconstruction eras, including the Homestead Act, battles of the Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln's assassination, the 14th Amendment, impeachment of President Johnson, the Freedman's Bureau, and the rise of groups like the Ku Klux Klan and Redeemers during Reconstruction. It also asks about political groups like the Greenback, Agricultural Wheel, Union Labor, and Populist parties during this time period.
The document provides information about slavery in the United States, including:
1) Slaves endured 16 hour workdays from sunup to sundown and cruel punishments. They maintained family ties from extended families tracing back to Africa.
2) Nat Turner was a slave preacher who led a slave rebellion in 1831 that killed 60 white people, increasing southern fears of revolt and leading to innocent blacks being killed.
3) Spirituals were religious songs slaves used to pass hidden messages, and the Underground Railroad was a secret network that helped runaway slaves reach freedom, including Harriet Tubman who returned 19 times as a conductor.
This biography summarizes the life and career of George H.W. Bush. It details that he was born in Massachusetts, raised in Connecticut, served as a Navy pilot during WWII, got his degree from Yale and went into the oil business in Texas. It outlines his extensive political career including as UN Ambassador, RNC Chair, envoy to China, CIA Director, Vice President under Reagan from 1981-1989. It provides an overview of his 1988 presidential campaign against Michael Dukakis and summaries of his domestic and foreign policies as president from 1989-1993.
The document discusses several key events and developments during the 1920s in the United States. It describes Warren G. Harding being elected president in 1920 on a platform of returning to normalcy. His administration pursued isolationist foreign policies and passed restrictive immigration laws. There was also significant labor unrest during this period driven by issues like inflation and new technologies. Additionally, the Russian Revolution and fear of communism led to the Red Scare and violations of civil liberties in the Palmer Raids. The administration of Harding and later Coolidge was also plagued by scandals like Teapot Dome, in which government oil lands were leased to private companies at low prices.
Lecture/presentation exploring the role the "Border States" played in the conflict, the advantages and disadvantages of both sides, and the first Battle of Bull Run.
This document summarizes 8 parts of the Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin collection from the CIA library. It provides concise overviews of the geopolitical issues covered in the intelligence reports from 1951 to 1958, including the ongoing Korean War, tensions with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, anti-colonial movements in Asia and Africa, the Suez Crisis, launch of Sputnik, and political instability in countries like Iran, Vietnam and Indonesia.
SOVIETS TRIED TO MASSAGE MARTENS ABOUT AFGHANISTANThierry Debels
THE SOVIET AMBASSADOR MADE A DEMARCHE TO
BELGIAN PRIME MINISTER MARTENS DECEMBER 28 ATTEMPTING TO EXPLAIN THE SOVIET INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN (TRANSLATION OF DEMARCHE IS IN PARA. 11). SOVIETS ALSO MADE A SIMILAR
EXPLANATION TO US WHICH PROVIDED US THE OPPORTUNITY TO
ELICIT FURTHER SOVIET VIEWS, AS WELL AS TO INDICATE THE
LEVEL OF CONCERN. THE SOVIETS SOUGHT TO BLAME CHINA,
PAKISTAN AND THE US FOR FOMENTING THE INTERNAL PROBLEMS
IN AFGHANISTAN WHICH NECESSITATED THE INTERVENTION. THEY
ALSO INSISTED THAT KARMAL WOULD BE MORE MODERATE IN BOTH
HIS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLICIES AND ADMITTED THAT IT
WAS NECESSARY TO REMOVE AMIN BECAUSE OF HIS DISASTROUS
INTERNAL POLICIES WHICH THEY COMPARED WITH IDI AMIN'S IN
UGANDA. T
ON APRIL 2 1977 THE SECRETARY CYRUS VANCE MET FOR 80 MINUTES PRIVATELY AT THE RESIDENCE IN PARIS WITH BELGIAN FOREIGN MINISTER VAN ELSLANDE AT THE LATTER'S REQUEST. VAN ELSLANDE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY HIS PERSONAL AIDE, VAN BELLINGHEN. UNDER
SECRETARY HABIB ALSO ATTENDED.
RED CARPET IV TRIP TO US HAD NO EFFECT ON TOBBACKThierry Debels
FLEMISH SOCIALIST PARTY FLOOR LEADER, RECENTLY-RETURNED FROM RED CARPET IV TRIP TO UNITED STATES, REAFFIRMS HIS FIRM OPPOSITION TO LRTNF AND
PREDICTS TOUGH BATTLE AHEAD FOR GOVERNMENT COALITION.
GASTON EYSKENS: 'THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A UNITED EUROPE'Thierry Debels
The document summarizes a conversation between a US embassy official and former Belgian Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens regarding US-European relations. Eyskens praised Secretary of State Kissinger's recent speech but was skeptical that European countries could speak with one voice. He argued the best format for US-EC discussions would be a meeting between the US President and European heads of state due to disagreements between France and other members. Eyskens also expressed concern that Belgium may lose influence in foreign affairs under its new socialist government.
PATERNOTTE ADMITTED THAT THERE WERE "CERTAINLY"
BELGIAN ARMS AND AMMO IN LEBANON CURRENTLY AND CITED THE FAL AUTOMATIC RIFLE MANUFACTURED BY FABRIQUE NATIONAL AT LIEGE.
Spanje zette Belgische parlementsleden uit het landThierry Debels
Belgiê heeft altijd een moeilijke relatie gehad met Spanje. Zo zette Spanje Belgische parlementsleden uit het land. "THEY STRESSED THAT BELGIUM WAS NOT ANTI-SPANISH, BUT THAT BELGIUM WAS AND REMAINED STRONGLY ANTI-FRANCO. THIS POSITION BEGAN DURING THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (IN WHICH MANY BELGIANS PARTICIPATED), WAS REINFORCED BY FRANCO'S LINKS WITH NAZI GERMANY AND THE DIFFICULTIES CAUSED BELGIAN WWII REFUGEES TRANSITTING SPAIN, CONTINUED AFTER WWII WHEN FRANCO PROVIDED THE BELGIAN TRAITOR DEGRELLE WITH SAFEHAVEN, AND CONTINUE TO THE PRESENT WITH REPEATED SPANISH OFFICIAL OBJECTIONS TO BELGIANS
STATE-OWNED RADIO PROGRAMS, BANNINGS OF BELGIAN FILMS AND EXPULSIONS OF BELGIAN PARLIAMENTARIANS."
The US Ambassador to Germany summarizes a conversation with Helmut Kohl, the leader of the Christian Democratic Union party, about Kohl's disappointment that he was not scheduled to meet with President Carter during his visit to Washington. Kohl believed it broke from tradition and sent the wrong message politically in Germany. While the Ambassador stressed the importance of the Vice President, Kohl said a visit focusing on him would be impossible domestically. Kohl also expressed concern that German politics may be shifting in a way that could make him Chancellor in the future.
This document summarizes a diplomatic cable from the US Embassy in Brussels discussing troubling trends in the Christian People's Party (CVP) of Belgium regarding international policies. The cable relays conversations with elder CVP statesmen who express concern about the growing influence of a more pacifist, neutralist faction within the party that opposes NATO membership. While assurances are given that the upcoming party congress will likely reaffirm traditional foreign policies, the statesmen see this as a symptom of broader changes in Belgian and European society that could undermine political stability over the long term.
MOSSAD INVOLVEMENT WITH KURDISH INSURGENCY (1979)Thierry Debels
The document summarizes discussions between US officials and Turkish embassy officers in Baghdad regarding Kurdish dissidents and insurgents in Iraq and Iran. The Turks expressed suspicion that the US and Israel were covertly assisting the Kurds. They noted reports of American weapons being smuggled to Kurdish areas, and speculated that the US may become more involved to counter Soviet influence with the Kurds. US officials firmly denied any current or planned involvement in supporting Kurdish separatist activities.
MOBUTU: "CONTROL BY SMALL BELGIUM OF BIG ZAIRE WAS AN ACCIDENT OF HISTORY"Thierry Debels
The document summarizes a two hour speech given by Mobutu Sese Seko on May 19, 1974 in Kinshasa, Zaire to mark the 7th anniversary of the Popular Movement of the Revolution party. In the speech, Mobutu announced that 501 criminals, including 48 assassins accused of recent murders, had been arrested. Mobutu acknowledged recent crime issues in Kinshasa but stated that security has been restored. He also addressed issues of Zairianization of foreign businesses, high prices, gasoline prices increases, Zaire's foreign relations and support for African liberation movements.
US CONVERSATION ON MIDEAST WITH TINDEMANS IN '73Thierry Debels
I WENT ON TO EMPHASIZE THAT, SINCE THE ARABS KNOW THAT ONLY THE US CAN HELP BRING ABOUT A POLITICAL SETTLEMENT, EUROPEAN DISSOCIATION FROM THE US AND CAPITULATION TO THE ARABS NOT ONLY WOULD NOT ENSURE EUROPE'S OIL SUPPLY BUT COULD ENHANCE
SOVIET INFLUENCE. TINDEMANS EXPRESSED FULL AGREEMENT ON THIS POINT AND INTIMATED THAT, IN THE CABINET, HE HAD OPPOSED THE PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ARMS EMBARGO. I ALSO REVIEWED US EFFORTS TO CONSULT WITH OUR EUROPEAN ALLIES THROUGHOUT THE CRISIS,
NOTED THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS SURROUNDING THE ALERT OF US FORCES
LAST WEEK, AND POINTED OUT OUR INTENTION TO ENSURE EVEN FULLER
AND FASTER CONSULTATIONS IN THE FUTURE.
This document summarizes political developments in Belgium ahead of the country's 1974 parliamentary elections. It notes that Flemish nationalist and Wallonian regionalist parties were expected to gain seats by advocating for more regional autonomy. However, the embassy assessed that increased federalism would continue and saw no threat to Belgian territorial integrity from separatist movements. The document also describes a televised debate between leaders of the main Flemish parties on the issue of federalism.
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While presidents from Truman through Reagan faced the continuous challenge of containing the Soviet threat during the Cold War, new presidents discover that campaign promises are difficult to implement in reality given budget constraints, public opposition to certain policies, and policies already put in place by their predecessors. Congress has also tried to assert more control over presidential war-making through acts like the War Powers Act, though presidents still find ways to circumvent congressional restrictions on deploying troops overseas.
The document provides an overview of key topics related to the Cold War, including the relationship between the US and Soviet Union after WWII, the policy of containment to stop the spread of communism, and the involvement of the superpowers in conflicts in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. It discusses Truman's doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Airlift, the division of Germany and Korea, communism in China, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, struggles for influence in Latin America like in Cuba, and the effects of the fall of communism in the Soviet Union. The document contains learning objectives, summaries of historical events, questions for review, and other materials related to understanding the Cold War era.
DID PRINCE BERNHARD SELL SECRET PLANS OF THE DUTCH DEFENSE SYSTEM?Thierry Debels
IN THE FALL OF 1978 THE PRINCE WAS THE SUBJECT OF FURTHER UNFAVORABLE PUBLICITY RESULTING FROM THE ALLEGATION IN A JOURNAL THAT A) HE HAD SOLD SECRET PLANS OF THE DUTCH DEFENSE SYSTEM TO THE GERMANS IN 1938, AND B) THAT HE HAD OFFERED BY LETTER IN 1942 TO BECOME GAULEITER OF THE NETHERLANDS, KEEPING THE COUNTRY UNDER CONTROL FOR THE NAZIS.
BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION AND FATAH FUNDED BY ARAB GOVERNMENTSThierry Debels
ONLY A VERY SMALL NUMBER OF PALESTINIANS ARE INVOLVED IN TERRORISM, AND MANY ARAB COUNTRIES HAVE EITHER CONDEMNED THESE ACTIVITIES OR DISSOCIATED THEMSELVES FROM THEM. NEVERTHELESS,
THE BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION, AND ITS
PARENT BODY THE FATAH, CONTINUE TO BE SUPPLIED WITH FUNDS FROM ARAB GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR CITIZENS AND TO RECEIVE OTHER FORMS OF SUPPORT, EVEN FROM THOSE ARAB GOVERNMENTS WHICH PUBLICLY CONDEMN TERRORISM.
IT IS KNOWN, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT THE PREPARATION AND
THE EXECUTION OF THE BLACK SEPTEMBER OPERATION WHICH LED TO THE MURDER OF AMERICAN AND BELGIAN DIPLOMATS WERE CONDUCTED FROM THE SOIL OF SEVERAL ARAB STATES.
This document summarizes a meeting between a US embassy official and the Belgian Economics Minister Oleffe regarding replacing Belgium's F-104 fighter aircraft. The official pitched the F-16 to Oleffe, emphasizing its lower costs. Oleffe asked about a recent trip by the Dutch Defense Minister to Washington and wanted guarantees about Belgian industry participation in F-16 production. The official requested information from Washington to address Oleffe's concerns.
John Andrews - Investigation & Correspondence of Bob LazarWise Burger
John Andrews - Investigation & Correspondence of Bob Lazar
Includes:
• John J. Andrews of Testors Corporation, Sent out multiple Letters & Requests in an attempt to obtain as much verifiable or confirmable information about Bob Lazar and his story.
• The following Document was provided by WiseBurger on SlideShare.
Kabinetschef van Willy Claes was mol voor AmerikanenThierry Debels
In een telex van de Amerikaanse ambassade lezen we dat de kabinetschef van Willy Claes in 1979 met medeweten en toestemming van Claes gevoelige informatie doorgeeft aan de VS.
Similar to Tindemans rapporteerde aan Kissinger (20)
Het kabinet spreekt alsnog grote waardering uit voor leden en nabestaanden van de Stay Behind-organisatie, een ultrageheime verzetsgroep die tijdens de Koude Oorlog klaarstond om het gewapend verzet te gaan vormen. Het is voor het eerst dat de Nederlandse regering publiekelijk de organisatie prijst.
EudraVigilance - Moderna covid MRNA vaccine up to 13/2/21Thierry Debels
This document summarizes data on 1,497 individual cases reported for the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna (CX-024414) in EudraVigilance. The majority of cases were reported in individuals aged 18-64 (71.1%) and 65-85 (14.1%), with females representing 74.5% of cases. Most cases originated from countries in the European Economic Area (62.4%), with the remaining 37.6% from non-EEA countries. The data is broken down by age group, sex, geographic origin, and over time.
Mogelijke bijwerkingen Pfizer-vaccin Europa tot 13/2/21Thierry Debels
Over the last 12 months, EudraVigilance has identified over 30,000 individual cases of reactions to TOZINAMERAN, with the number of reported cases from EEA countries trending upwards and exceeding those from non-EEA countries. The dashboard displays the total number of cases over time and broken down by country and reaction type to monitor safety signals. Users are directed to key considerations on interpreting the results on the ADR reports website.
List of meetings Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has held with Commissioners,...Thierry Debels
List of meetings Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has held with Commissioners, Members of their Cabinet or
Director-Generals since 01/12/2014 under its current ID number in the Transparency Register:
371567915480-41.
This document contains summaries of data from EudraVigilance on individual cases reported over time and by different attributes. It includes charts and tables showing the number of cases by age group, sex, and geographic origin within and outside the European Economic Area, with females ages 18-64 making up the largest percentages.
BioNTech SE is a biopharmaceutical company that develops novel immunotherapies for cancer and other serious diseases. It has 2 employees who spend 25% of their time engaging with the European Commission and European Investment Bank regarding mRNA drugs and vaccines. BioNTech's annual costs for EU-related activities are between €50,000-99,999 and it received over €50 million in grants from Horizon 2020, FP7, and the EIB between 2019-2020.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
1. Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 05 JUL 2006
Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 05 JUL 2006
Message Text
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 01 BRUSSE 04328 151539Z
62
ACTION SS-25
INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 /026 W
--------------------- 036871
R 151435Z MAY 75
FM AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 3899
INFO USLO PEKING
AMCONSUL HONG KONG
C O N F I D E N T I A L BRUSSELS 04328
EXDIS
E.O. 11652: XGDS-1
TAGS: PFOR, CH, BE
SUBJECT: TINDEMANS' VISIT TO PRC
REF: BRUSSELS 4030
1. I SAW PRIME MINISTER TINDEMANS YESTERDAY AND GOT A RUNDOWN
ON HIS VISIT TO CHINA.
2. TINDEMANS SAID THAT HE HAD BEEN RECEIVED IN CHINA LIKE A
KING. HIS RECEPTION COULD HAVE BEEN NO WARMER IF HE HAD BEEN
THE PRIME MINISTER OF A FRIENDLY GREAT POWER. IN CONTRAST,
THE CHINESE RECEPTION OF PRINCE ALBERT, THERE ON A TRADE
MISSION, HAD BEEN MERELY PROPER.
3. MAO APPEARED OLD AND TIRED TO TINDEMANS. ALTHOUGH MAO'S
MIND SEEMED TO BE ALERT, HE HAD TROUBLE SPEAKING. MEDICAL
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT WERE EVIDENT IN THE ROOM WHERE
THEY MET.
4. CHOU RECEIVED TINDEMANS IN WHAT WAS SAID TO BE A HOSPITAL
BUT THE ROOM IN WHICH THEY MET LOOKED LIKE A NORMAL RECEPTION
ROOM. CHOU WAS VERY WELL INFORMED ON A WIDE VARIETY OF SUBJECT,
INCLUDING DETAILS OF EUROPEAN ISSUES.
5. CHI TENG-KUEI PARTICIPATED IN THE MAO-TINDEMANS TALKS
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PAGE 02 BRUSSE 04328 151539Z
AND, WHEN THE MAO INTERVIEW WAS OVER, ASKED TINDEMANS TO RE-
2. Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 05 JUL 2006
Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 05 JUL 2006
MAIN FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION. TINDEMANS SAID THAT CHI LOOKED
AND ACTED TOUGH AND HARD. TINDEMANS NOTED THAT CHI HAD BEEN
EDUCATED IN RUSSIA, KNEW LITTLE ABOUT THE REST OF THE WORLD,
AND WAS AN UNCOMPROMISING, FRIGHTENING MAN IN THE WORST RUSSIAN
TRADITION.
6. MAO DELIVERED A FORTY-FIVE MINUTE SPEECH ON THE SOVIET
THREAT TO EUROPE AND ON THE NEED FOR EUROPE TO BE STRONG
MILITARILY. HE SAID THAT THE USSR, WITH ONLY ABOUT ONE MILLION
TROOPS ON THE LONG SOVIET-CHINESE BORDER, WAS NO MEANCE TO
CHINA. THE CHINESE DID NOT REFER TO THE SOVIET NUCLEAR CAPABI-
LITY IN TALKING ABOUT THE SOVIET FORCES OF CONCERN TO CHINA.
IN CONTRAST, THE SOVIETS HAD THREE TIMES MORE POWER DEPLOYED
IN EUROPE. MAO SAID THAT BOTH SUPERPOWERS WANTED TO EXTEND
THEIR HEGEMONY. CHINA IN CONTRAST WAS NO SUPERPOWER, DID NOT
WANT TO BE ONE, AND DID NOT WANT HEGEMONY OVER OTHER COUNTRIES.
CHOU AND CHI ALSO STRESSED THE SOVIET THREAT TO EUROPE AND PEDDLED
THE STANDARD CHINESE LINE THAT THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE SUPER-
POWERS WILL LEAD TO WAR.
7. THE CHINESE LEADERS EMPHASIZED THE PRIMACY OF NATIONALISM
IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND THE PASSING NATURE OF ARTIFICIAL
DIVISIONS OF NATIONS. JUST AS VIETNAM HAS BEEN REUNITED, SO
WILL KOREA AND CHINA. FURTHERMORE, THE CHINESE DID NOT EXPECT
THE DIVISION OF GERMANY TO LAST.
8. THE CHINESE WERE CRITICAL OF BELGIUM'S ROLE IN KOREA.
TINDEMANS EXPLAINED THE HARD-EARNED LESSON IN TWO WORLD
WARS OF THE ESSENTIALITY OF COLLECTIVE DEFENSE AND THE IMPOR-
TANCE OF THE UN TO SMALL COUNTRIES LIKE BELGIUM. IN RESPONSE
TO THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL, BELGIUM RESPONDED WITH TROOPS
WHICH HAVE LONG SINCE BEEN REMOVED. TINDEMANS SAID THAT HIS
EXPLANATION WAS MET WITH COMPLETE SILENCE.
9. THE CHINESE IN SPEAKING ABOUT KOREA EMPHASIZED THAT KOREA
SHOULD AND WOULD BE REUNIFIED. WE ASKED WHETHER THE CHINESE
HAD TALKED ABOUT PEACEFUL REUNIFICATION OR REUNIFICATION WITHOUT
QUALIFICATION. THE LATTER, TINDEMANS SAID. NOTE: THIS ACCOUNT
IF DIFFERENT THAN FOREIGN MINISTER VAN ELSLANDE'S (BRUSSELS
4030). TINDEMANS ALSO INDICATED THAT KIM HAD BEEN IN CHINA AT
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PAGE 03 BRUSSE 04328 151539Z
THE SAME TIME AS TINDEMANS AND HAD ASKED THE CHINESE FOR
ARMS.
10. TINDEMANS SAID THAT HE FOUND THE STATE OF CHINESE SOVIET
RELATIONS BETTER THAN HE HAD ANTICIPATED AND CHINESE-AMERICAN
RELATIONS WORSE THAN HE HAD EXPECTED. WHEN ASKED FOR PARTI-
CULARS, THE ONLY EXAMPLE TINDEMANS CITED WAS THE CHINESE DES:
CRIPTION AND EVALUTION OF THE DIFFERENT FOREIGN POLICIES OF
3. Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 05 JUL 2006
Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 05 JUL 2006
SECRETARIES KISSINGER AND SCHLESINGER. THE CHINESE SAID THAT
SECRETARY KISSINGER'S DETENTE POLICY WAS BASED ON THE WRONG
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT SOVIET INTENTIONS. THEY THOUGHT THAT SECRE-
TARY SCHLESINGER'S APPRAISAL OF THE SOVIETS' CAPABILITIES AND
INTENTIONS, AS CONTAINED IN HIS FEBRUARY REPORT TO CONGRESS,
WAS MORE REALISTIC.
11. TINDEMANS SAID HE INTENDED TO WRITE SECRETARY KISSINGER
WITH A FULL REPORT OF HIS TRIP TO CHINA. I ENCOURAGED HIM TO
DO SO.FIRESTONE
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