4. Thyroid Orbitopathy
PATHOGENESIS
Organ specific autoimmune reaction in IG g
antibody produces following :
Inflammation of extra ocular muscle
Inflammatory cellular infiltration
11. LID RETRACTION
PATHOGENESIS
Fibrotic contracture of levator
Secondary over action of levator superior rectus
complex
Humorally induced overaction of Muller muscle
SIGNS
Lid retraction
Dalrymple sign
Von Graefe sign
Kocher sign
12.
13. MANAGEMENT
Mild ___ Not required
Significant but stable retraction __ Surgery
Sequence of surgery
Orbit
Strabismus
Eyelid
Surgical Procedures
IR recession
Mullerotomy
Recession of lower lid retractors
18. OPTIC NEUROPATHY
Caused by compression optic nerve or its
blood supply at the orbital apex by
congested and enlarged recti.
Clinical features
Decrease visual acuity
Decrease colour vision
RAPD
Visual field defects
Increase IOP
Swollen disc
21. RESTRICTIVE MYOPATHY
Caused by inflammatory edema and
later by fibrosis of extra ocular
muscles.
Ocular Motility Defects
Elevation defects
Abduction defects
Adduction defects
Depression defects