Three Research Genre
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The tree styles of research are scientific, social contruction (where the knower cannot be seperated from the know) and participative, where the questions and the answers emerge from with the collective.
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The document discusses several social sciences including sociology, political science, psychology, anthropology, economics, and social psychology. It defines each discipline and provides examples of what each field studies. The document also discusses positivism, levels of sociological analysis, sociological theories, and key figures in the development of sociology like Auguste Comte.
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This document discusses key concepts in the philosophy of social sciences research. It defines paradigms as systems of thinking that include basic assumptions and research techniques accepted within a scientific community. Paradigms describe an established model like positivism or interpretivism. Approaches refer to specific research designs or methods. The three major paradigms discussed are positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory. The document also examines the philosophical foundations of theories, including ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology.
philosophy of Social science
This document discusses key concepts in the philosophy of social sciences research. It defines a paradigm as a set of beliefs and assumptions shared by a scientific community that guides research. The three major paradigms are positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory. It also differentiates between paradigms and approaches, and discusses the philosophical foundations of theories, including ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology. Philosophical alignment between these foundations is important for valid research.
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The document summarizes ten research perspectives: postpositivism, pragmatism, constructivism, critical theory, interpretivism, race/gender/ethnicity theories, queer theory, critical race theory, and art-based research. These perspectives differ in their views of truth, from postpositivism's view that absolute truths cannot be known, to pragmatism focusing on practical consequences, to constructivism believing truth is subjective. Critical theory and interpretivism both emphasize power relations and critique of ideologies. Race/gender/ethnicity, queer theory and critical race theory acknowledge marginalization but differ in their specific focuses. Art-based research uses art to communicate research findings.
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The document provides an introduction to social science. It defines social science as fields of human knowledge that deal with all aspects of group life and human behavior. The main social science disciplines discussed are anthropology, sociology, geography, history, economics, political science, and psychology. For each discipline, the document outlines key areas of focus and concepts. Major approaches in social science research like the historical method and case study method are also summarized. Theories of social evolution from thinkers like Darwin, Comte, Spencer, Morgan, Marx and Engels are briefly explained in the context of how societies develop and change over time.
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The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
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Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
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Combination Therapies
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These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
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