The document discusses refactoring code to improve its structure and quality. It recommends measuring code smells and toxicity using various metrics tools to identify areas for refactoring. Key areas include complexity, duplication, feature envy, and dependency tangles. The steps involve quantifying issues, visualizing dependencies, agreeing on solutions, and then refactoring the code. Maintaining test coverage is important to ensure refactoring does not introduce bugs. The overall goal is to make the code easier to understand and modify without changing its functionality.