This document provides an overview of an IoT-based smart irrigation system. It begins with introductions to IoT, explaining what IoT is, why it is useful, and how IoT works. It then describes the key components used in an IoT system, including devices, gateways, cloud infrastructure, analytics, and user interfaces. Specific hardware and software used in the proposed smart irrigation system are also outlined, including sensors, microcontrollers, and programming languages. The document concludes with thanks.

1. IOTBased
Smart Irrigation
System
Submitted By:
Thomas Jose
Guide:
Dr.Gemini George
Assistant Professor
Department Of Computer Applications 1 2/11/2023

2. 2
Introduction to Iot
What Iot is?
Why IoT?
How Iot is Helpful?
Components Used
What are the components used
Content
Current Irrigation system
Problems of current
irrigation system
Proposed Irrigation
System
How helpful is the
system?
Pros and cons of
New system
Defects of the system
How Does Iot Work
Working Model of IoT

3. Introduction to IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that
are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of
connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the
internet. These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated
industrial tools.
A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm
animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to
alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or
man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol
(IP) address and is able to transfer data over a network.
Increasingly, organizations in a variety of industries are using
IoT to operate more efficiently, better understand customers
to deliver enhanced customer service, improve
decision-making and increase the value of the business.

4. How Does IoT work?
An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems,
such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on
data they acquire from their environments.
The first element of an IoT system is the device that gathers data. Broadly speaking,
these are internet-connected devices, so they each have an IP address. They also
include personal devices such as fitness trackers that monitor the number of steps
individuals take
each day.
In the next step in the IoT process, collected data is transmitted from
the devices to a gathering point. Moving the data can be done wirelessly
using a range of technologies or over wired networks. Data can be sent
over the internet to a data center or the cloud. Or the transfer can
be performed in phases, with intermediary devices aggregating the
data, formatting it, filtering it, discarding irrelevant or duplicative
data, then sending the important data along for further analysis.

5. The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete
control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is
essential to business. IoT provides businesses with a real-time look into how their
systems really work, delivering insights into everything from the performance of
machines to supply chain and logistics operations.
IoT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts
down on waste and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture
and deliver goods, as well as offering transparency into customer transactions.
The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete
control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is
essential to business. IoT provides businesses with a real-time look into how their
systems really work, delivering insights into everything from the performance of
machines to supply chain and logistics operations.
IoT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts
down on waste and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture
and deliver goods, as well as offering transparency into customer transactions.

6. The final step, data processing and analytics, can take place in data centers or the
cloud, but sometimes that’s not an option. In the case of critical devices such as
shutoffs in industrial settings, the delay of sending data from the device to a remote
data center is too great. The round-trip time for sending data, processing it, analyzing it
and returning instructions (close that valve before the pipes burst) can take too long.
As such, IoT is one of the most important technologies of everyday life, and it will
continue to pick up steam as more businesses realize the potential of connected
devices to keep them competitive.
The Internet of Things reduces human effort for many activities, and provides tons of
information. When people have data, they feel more in control of every aspect that
surrounds them.
Why IoT?

7. Componets of IoT

8. • Devices
Devices and sensors are the components of the device connectivity layer. These smart
sensors are continuously collecting data from the environment and transmit the
information to the next layer.
Common sensors are:
•Temperature sensors and thermostats
•Pressure sensors
•Humidity / Moisture level
•Light intensity detectors
•Moisture sensors
•Proximity detection
•RFID tags

9. • Gateway
IoT Gateway manages the bidirectional data traffic between different networks and
protocols. Another function of gateway is to translate different network protocols and
make sure interoperability of the connected devices and sensors.
Gateways can be configured to perform pre-processing of the collected data from
thousands of sensors locally before transmitting it to the next stage. In some scenarios,
it would be necessary due to compatibility of TCP/IP protocol.
IoT gateway offers certain level of security for the network and transmitted data with
higher order encryption techniques. It acts as a middle layer between devices and
cloud to protect the system from malicious attacks and unauthorized access.

10. • Cloud
Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users which has
to be managed in an efficient way. IoT cloud offers tools to collect, process, manage
and store huge amount of data in real time. Industries and services can easily access
these data remotely and make critical decisions when necessary.
Basically, IoT cloud is a sophisticated high performance network of servers optimized to
perform high speed data processing of billions of devices, traffic management and
deliver accurate analytics. Distributed database management systems are one of the
most important components of IoT cloud.
Cloud system integrates billions of devices, sensors, gateways, protocols, data storage
and provides predictive analytics. Companies use these analytics data for improvement
of products and services, preventive measures for certain steps and build their new
business model accurately.

11. • Analytics
Analytics is the process of converting analog data from billions of smart devices and
sensors into useful insights which can be interpreted and used for detailed analysis.
Smart analytics solutions are inevitable for IoT system for management and
improvement of the entire system.
One of the major advantages of an efficient IoT system is real time smart analytics
which helps engineers to find out irregularities in the collected data and act fast to
prevent an undesired scenario. Service providers can prepare for further steps if the
information is collected accurately at the right time.

12. • User Interface
User interfaces are the visible, tangible part of the IoT system which can be accessible
by users. Designers will have to make sure a well designed user interface for minimum
effort for users and encourage more interactions.
Modern technology offers much interactive design to ease complex tasks into simple
touch panels controls. Multicolor touch panels have replaced hard switches in our
household appliances and the trend is increasing for almost every smart home devices.
User interface design has higher significance in today’s competitive market, it often
determines the user whether to choose a particular device or appliance. Users will be
interested to buy new devices or smart gadgets if it is very user friendly and compatible
with common wireless standards.

13. • Arduino
• Firebase
• Python
Software Hardware
• Moisture Sensor
• Humidity/Temperature Sensor
• ESP 32 S
• Relay
• Solenoid Pump
• Jumper Wire
• Breadboard
Requirements
13 2/11/2023

14. THANKYOU
2/11/2023