This figure is from a paper that was published in 1917. What did the author demonstrate by
observing a large number of meiotic divisions where there was an unpaired chromosome ( 6 in
the figure) and a heteromorphic pair ( 1 in the figure)? a) The author was the first to demonstrate
that chromosomes move to the spindle poles during meiosis. This was the first time that a
microscope was used to observe chromosomes in the cells that form gametes. The author used
these chromosomes with different shapes to arrive at the terms "centromere" and "telomere",
since the unpaired chromosome is in the center of the figure and the heteromorphic pair are at
one end. The author observed that the unpaired chromosome always segregated with the same
non-identical chromosomes. This was cytological evidence that chromosomes do not assort
independently in the first meiotic division. The author saw that the unpaired chromosome
segregated with either of the non-identical chromosomes, and it did so with equal frequency.
This was early cytological evidence that chromosomes assort independently in the first meiotic
division..
Activity- Simulating meiosis 1- Cut out the chromosomes on the second.docxWilliamZnlMarshallc
Activity- Simulating meiosis 1. Cut out the chromosomes on the second to last page of this lab. One color of chromosomes is inherited from one parent, and the other is inherited from the other parent. Use a paper clip to keep identical sister chromatids together. 2. Use the circles representing cells provided on the last two pages. Meiosis I Prophase I 1. Put all four of the chromosomes that you cut out and place them in the large oval cell labeled A pole and B pole. 2. Bring the members of the homologous pairs together forming a tetrad- Why do you think these are called a tetrad? 3. Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes. It creates genetic recombination during meiosis. Simulate crossingover by cutting off one yellow and blue circle from two nonsister chromatids of a single homologous pair and reattaching the circles on with tape. Why did we exchange from nonsister and not from sister chromatids? MetaphaseI Move the homologous chromosome pairs to the equator (middle of the cell) in such a way that the members of each pair can be moved towards opposite sides of the cell AnaphaseI Separate the each member of the homologous pair, moving them toward opposite poles of the cell TelophaseI Do the 2 chromosomes inherited from the father have to stay together after meiosis I? So, what are two ways that meiosis can create genetic recombination? Interkinesis Interkinesis is the periods of time between meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis II Prophase II Choose the chromosomes from each pole to represent those in the new parental cell undergoing meiosis II. Place them inside the top two cells on the next page. Metaphase II Move the chromosomes (made out of the sister chromatids) to the equator of this cell. How many chromosomes are at this equator? Anaphase II Pull apart the two sister chromatids Telophase II Once the sister chromatids are apart they are now each called a chromosome. Move each chromosome to its separate pole. Now these chromosomes are in their own cell in a new nucleus. Conclusions Do the new nuclei contain a haploid or diploid chromosome number compared to the original cell? Suppose you had worked with both daughter cells after meiosis I. How many cells would be present when meiosis II was complete? How many chromosomes are in the parental cell undergoing meiosis II (at the beginning of meiosis II? How many chromosomes are in the daughter cell (at the end of meiosis II)? How is this possible? Explain below. To summarize meiosis: the original parent cell has the diploid ( 2 n ) number of chromosomes, and the daughter cells at the end of meiosis II have the number of chromosomes. Meiosis is cell division in which the chromosome number does what?
.
Activity- Simulating meiosis 1- Cut out the chromosomes on the second.docxWilliamZnlMarshallc
Activity- Simulating meiosis 1. Cut out the chromosomes on the second to last page of this lab. One color of chromosomes is inherited from one parent, and the other is inherited from the other parent. Use a paper clip to keep identical sister chromatids together. 2. Use the circles representing cells provided on the last two pages. Meiosis I Prophase I 1. Put all four of the chromosomes that you cut out and place them in the large oval cell labeled A pole and B pole. 2. Bring the members of the homologous pairs together forming a tetrad- Why do you think these are called a tetrad? 3. Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes. It creates genetic recombination during meiosis. Simulate crossingover by cutting off one yellow and blue circle from two nonsister chromatids of a single homologous pair and reattaching the circles on with tape. Why did we exchange from nonsister and not from sister chromatids? MetaphaseI Move the homologous chromosome pairs to the equator (middle of the cell) in such a way that the members of each pair can be moved towards opposite sides of the cell AnaphaseI Separate the each member of the homologous pair, moving them toward opposite poles of the cell TelophaseI Do the 2 chromosomes inherited from the father have to stay together after meiosis I? So, what are two ways that meiosis can create genetic recombination? Interkinesis Interkinesis is the periods of time between meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis II Prophase II Choose the chromosomes from each pole to represent those in the new parental cell undergoing meiosis II. Place them inside the top two cells on the next page. Metaphase II Move the chromosomes (made out of the sister chromatids) to the equator of this cell. How many chromosomes are at this equator? Anaphase II Pull apart the two sister chromatids Telophase II Once the sister chromatids are apart they are now each called a chromosome. Move each chromosome to its separate pole. Now these chromosomes are in their own cell in a new nucleus. Conclusions Do the new nuclei contain a haploid or diploid chromosome number compared to the original cell? Suppose you had worked with both daughter cells after meiosis I. How many cells would be present when meiosis II was complete? How many chromosomes are in the parental cell undergoing meiosis II (at the beginning of meiosis II? How many chromosomes are in the daughter cell (at the end of meiosis II)? How is this possible? Explain below. To summarize meiosis: the original parent cell has the diploid ( 2 n ) number of chromosomes, and the daughter cells at the end of meiosis II have the number of chromosomes. Meiosis is cell division in which the chromosome number does what?
.
Chromosome structure and packaging of dnaDIPTI NARWAL
Chromosome structure : classification based upon centromere position, autosomes and allosomes
Morphology of chromosome: chromatids, chromomeres, telomeres, sister chromatids
packaging of DNA: nucleosome model
functions of Chromosomes
Laboratory activity for the creation of a model of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
The results of Mendel's cross (breeding experiment) of two phenotypica.pdfRobertXhxWalkerv
The results of Mendel's cross (breeding experiment) of two phenotypically different plants of the
P generation established what important genetic principle (law)? Law of Dominance Law of
Independent Assortment Law of Mutation Law of Segregation What must be true of the F 1
generation that came from Mendel's cross (breeding experiment) of two phenotypically different
plants of the P generation? F1 plants are sterile F1 plants are heterozyogous F1 plants are
homozygous F1 plants are true-breeding The results of Mendel's dihybrid cross (breeding
experiment) of two plants of the F 1 generation established what important genetic principle
(law)? Law of Independent Assortment Law of Dominance Law of Mutation Law of Segregation.
The resting potential of neurons is negative because a- there is an ex.pdfRobertXhxWalkerv
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chiefly to K + . d. at rest there is an excess of K + inside the cell, but the membrane is permeable
to all ions. e. there is an excess of Cl - ions outside of the cell at rest..
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9
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Write your answers as fractions in simplest form.
PA
=
PB
=
PA =
PB =
.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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This figure is from a paper that was published in 1917- What did the a.pdf
1. This figure is from a paper that was published in 1917. What did the author demonstrate by
observing a large number of meiotic divisions where there was an unpaired chromosome ( 6 in
the figure) and a heteromorphic pair ( 1 in the figure)? a) The author was the first to demonstrate
that chromosomes move to the spindle poles during meiosis. This was the first time that a
microscope was used to observe chromosomes in the cells that form gametes. The author used
these chromosomes with different shapes to arrive at the terms "centromere" and "telomere",
since the unpaired chromosome is in the center of the figure and the heteromorphic pair are at
one end. The author observed that the unpaired chromosome always segregated with the same
non-identical chromosomes. This was cytological evidence that chromosomes do not assort
independently in the first meiotic division. The author saw that the unpaired chromosome
segregated with either of the non-identical chromosomes, and it did so with equal frequency.
This was early cytological evidence that chromosomes assort independently in the first meiotic
division.
