Think of a time that you felt you were not being heard. What made you feel that way? Listening and Critical Thinking Communication Skills LISTENING IS IMPORTANT • CEOs, politicians, teachers • +60% errors • Practice listening • 44% of time listening Objectives • Understand listening is a process • Barriers to listening • The 4 types of listening • Become a better listener Listening is a process Stage 1: Receiving Physiological Mental Stage 1: Receiving/Hear and Attend Automatic/Selective Attention Stage 2: Understanding Working Memory: Makes sense of the stimuli Stage 3: Remembering Short-term: temporary Long-term: schemas Remembering We remember 50% immediately after hearing it We remember 35% after eight hours We remember 25% after two months Stages 4 and 5 Interpreting/Evaluating https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpaOjMXyJGk Stage 6: Responding What are your two strongest areas of the listening stages? Why? Barriers to Listening Physical Mental Multi-tasking Noise Barriers to Listening Factual distractions Semantic distractions Noise 120-150 WPM 400-800 WPM Barriers to Listening Perception of others Status Stereotypes Jumping to conclusions Barriers to Listening Yourself Egocentrism Defensiveness Superiority Personal bias Psuedolistening Four types of Listening • Appreciative • Empathic • Comprehensive • Critical Become a better listener BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_better https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://coutequecoute.blogspot.com/2012/08/odeur-ss2013-plain.html https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ https://www.ted.com/talks/julian_treasure_5_ways_to_listen_better Recognize differences in listening WOMEN • To understand • Like complex • Highly perceptive • Attentive, eye contact • Signals agreement MEN • To take action • Like concise, unambiguous • Don’t recognize • Less, glances, • Switch topics Purpose Preferences List. Awareness NV Interrupt Listen and think critically • Analyzing the speaker, the situation, and the speaker’s ideas to make critical judgments about the message being presented • Situation: staff meeting after a huge layoff • Source credibility: perception of competence • Message • Data: facts and evidence • Claim: Overall point • Warrant: Reasoning made for bridge b/w data and claim Use nonverbal communication effectively • Demonstrate bodily responsiveness (head nods, etc.) • Lean forward • Use direct body orientation and open positions • Maintain relaxed but alert posture • Establish direct eye contact • Sit or stand close to speaker • Be vocally responsive • Provide supportive utterances Use verbal communication effectively • Invite additional comments • Ask Questions • Identify areas of commonality • Vary verbal responses • Pro.