Thermometer
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The document discusses the history and types of thermometers. Early thermoscopes were developed in the 16th century and Galileo invented the first water thermometer in 1593. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer. Traditional thermometers use liquid that expands with heat to measure temperatures in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. Common thermometers include liquid-in-glass, maximum, and minimum thermometers, as well as electrical resistance and radiometer thermometers.
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Thermometers measure air temperature using liquid expansion in a glass tube. Barometers measure air pressure to indicate rising or falling conditions. A sling psychrometer uses two thermometers to measure relative humidity through evaporation. Weather instruments like rain gauges, anemometers, hygrometers, weather balloons, compasses, satellites, and human observation are used to detect and analyze atmospheric conditions.
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The document discusses different temperature scales and how thermometers work. It explains that the Fahrenheit scale was invented first and sets water's freezing point at 32 degrees and boiling point at 212 degrees. Later, Celsius was invented and set water's freezing point at 0 degrees and boiling point at 100 degrees. Thermometers work by measuring how the volume of a liquid changes with temperature in a bulb and narrow tube.
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Thermometers measure air temperature using liquid expansion in a glass tube. Barometers measure air pressure to indicate rising or falling conditions. A sling psychrometer uses two thermometers to measure relative humidity through evaporation. Weather instruments like rain gauges, anemometers, hygrometers, weather balloons, compasses, satellites, and human observation are used to detect and analyze atmospheric conditions.
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The document discusses different temperature scales and how thermometers work. It explains that the Fahrenheit scale was invented first and sets water's freezing point at 32 degrees and boiling point at 212 degrees. Later, Celsius was invented and set water's freezing point at 0 degrees and boiling point at 100 degrees. Thermometers work by measuring how the volume of a liquid changes with temperature in a bulb and narrow tube.
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The document provides information on temperature measurement and summarizes various temperature scales and sensors. It discusses the challenges of accurately measuring temperature without disturbing the source and introduces common sensor types like thermocouples, platinum resistance temperature detectors, and thermistors. Thermocouples generate voltage based on the temperature difference between a heated junction and cold reference junction, and are inexpensive but have lower accuracy than other sensors.
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This document discusses psychrometry, which is the study of atmospheric air and its associated water vapor. It defines key terms like dew point temperature, dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and different types of humidity. It also explains the psychrometric chart, which graphically presents the physical and thermal properties of moist air. Key properties discussed include dew point, dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, saturation line, and relative humidity.
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Willis Carrier, a young engineer working for Buffalo Forge Company, had a flash of genius while waiting for a train one night. He realized the relationship between temperature, humidity, and dew point, laying the foundations for the field of psychrometry - the study of air and water vapor mixtures. This insight led Carrier to invent the first modern air conditioning system. He is now known as the father of air conditioning.
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1. The document describes an experiment measuring temperature using different thermometer types including liquid, bimetallic, and gas thermometers.
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Untitled Presentation
Galileo Galilei invented the thermometer in the 1590s in Italy to measure temperature. Thermometers use alcohol or mercury in a glass tube, with the liquid expanding when heated and contracting when cooled to indicate the temperature. Different scales measure temperature, with Fahrenheit used mainly in the U.S., Celsius in most other countries, and Kelvin used by scientists. Thermometers allow temperature to be measured for bodies, air, appliances, pools, and other applications.
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This document discusses psychrometrics and air conditioning load estimation. It covers topics like:
- The composition of air and properties of moist air like humidity ratio, enthalpy, specific volume.
- Psychrometric chart which graphically represents thermodynamic properties of moist air.
- Basic psychrometric processes like sensible heating/cooling, humidification, dehumidification.
- Methods to achieve these processes like air washers, evaporative cooling, steam injection.
- Factors affecting human comfort and the use of comfort charts.
- Estimating cooling loads for air conditioning systems.
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A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature by using a sealed glass tube containing a liquid such as mercury or alcohol that expands and contracts based on temperature changes. Early thermoscopes led to the development of thermometers using various liquids in glass tubes. Key contributors included Galileo, who invented the first thermometer in 1593, and Fahrenheit and Celsius, who developed standardized temperature scales. Modern thermometers include mercury, alcohol, minimum, maximum, and infrared types and are used to measure temperature, determine weather conditions, and predict weather.
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A psychrometric chart graphically represents psychrometric processes of air. It can be used to plot multiple data points representing air conditions at a time and identify the comfort zone where occupants are satisfied. The chart contains lines for dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and relative humidity. A psychrometric chart can evaluate systems like air heating, cooling towers, evaporative condensers, and evaporative cooling and analyze energy usage in dryers.
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Presentation
Gourav Tiwari's presentation introduces psychrometry, the science of air-water vapor mixtures. It discusses key psychrometric properties like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and dew point. It also covers psychrometric processes such as sensible heating and cooling, which change temperature along constant humidity lines; and dehumidification and humidification, which change moisture content. The presentation aims to explain these concepts using a psychrometric chart to illustrate different psychrometric processes and how they affect air temperature and moisture levels.
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The document discusses environmental factors that affect human comfort, including air temperature, relative humidity, air movement, surface temperatures, air quality, lighting, acoustics, and security. It specifically focuses on air temperature, relative humidity, and their combined effects as depicted on a psychrometric chart. The psychrometric chart shows the conditions needed for condensation and how indoor conditions would change with cooling or heating of indoor air without adding or removing moisture.
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1. Psychrometry is the study of atmospheric air and its associated water vapor. It involves using a psychrometric chart to determine properties like moisture content, relative humidity, wet-bulb temperature, dew point temperature, and specific enthalpy based on dry-bulb temperature and vapor pressure.
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3. Key terms include moisture content (ratio of mass of water vapor to dry air), relative humidity (ratio of actual vapor pressure to saturated vapor pressure), wet-bulb temperature (temperature reached by evaporative cooling), and
Thermometer pd 1
Thermometers have been used since the late 16th century to measure temperature. Galileo Galilei invented the first water thermometer in 1593. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit later invented the mercury thermometer in 1714, which is the design still used today. A thermometer works by having mercury, water, or alcohol expand or contract based on temperature changes, moving along a numerical scale to indicate the reading. Thermometers are commonly used to measure air and atmospheric temperatures.
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This document provides information about different types of thermometers. It begins by defining a thermometer as an instrument that measures temperature quantitatively. Galileo is identified as inventing the first thermometer in the 1600s based on the principle of expansion and contraction with temperature. Thermometers are classified as primary or secondary, with secondary thermometers requiring calibration against primary thermometers. Examples of specific thermometers described include the Galileo thermometer, medical thermometer, Beckmann differential thermometer, bi-metal mechanical thermometer, mercury-in-glass thermometer, and alcohol thermometer.
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Galileo Galilei invented the thermometer in the 1590s in Italy to measure temperature. Thermometers use alcohol or mercury in a glass tube, with the liquid expanding when heated and contracting when cooled to indicate the temperature. Different scales measure temperature, with Fahrenheit used mainly in the U.S., Celsius in most other countries, and Kelvin used by scientists. Thermometers allow temperature to be measured for bodies, air, appliances, pools, and other applications.
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This document discusses psychrometrics and air conditioning load estimation. It covers topics like:
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- Basic psychrometric processes like sensible heating/cooling, humidification, dehumidification.
- Methods to achieve these processes like air washers, evaporative cooling, steam injection.
- Factors affecting human comfort and the use of comfort charts.
- Estimating cooling loads for air conditioning systems.
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3. The lesson objectives are for students to understand temperature, measurement units, thermometer features and functions, and how different thermometers are used.
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3. Key terms include moisture content (ratio of mass of water vapor to dry air), relative humidity (ratio of actual vapor pressure to saturated vapor pressure), wet-bulb temperature (temperature reached by evaporative cooling), and
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History of meteorology
The document discusses the history and invention of key weather instruments. It describes how meteorology emerged as a science with the development of instruments like the barometer in 1643 to measure air pressure, the thermometer in the early 1600s, and the hygrometer in the mid-1600s to measure humidity. Anemometers for measuring wind speed were also invented in the 1600s-1700s. These early instruments allowed for systematic weather observation and prediction of weather patterns.
Rona
The document provides a history of the development of meteorology and weather instruments from ancient times to modern day. It describes how Aristotle began studying weather phenomena in 340 BC and how simple weather instruments began being used in the 1600s. Over time, weather forecasting became more sophisticated with the use of computers, satellites, weather balloons and Doppler instruments, making measurement more accurate. The document then outlines the development of key weather instruments such as hygrometers, thermometers, barometers and anemometers from their early conceptions by scientists like Galileo, Torricelli and Robinson to their modern forms.
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Kulkarni Vision Learning Science notesm-&-chapter-notes
Kulkarni Vision Learning Science notesm-&-chapter-notes
Thermometer
- 1. Thermometer – Mercury Rising<br />Early HistoryThe first thermometers were called thermoscopes and while several inventors invented a version of the thermoscope at the same time, Italian inventor Santorio, Santorio was the first inventor to put a numerical scale on the instrument. Galileo Galilei invented a rudimentary water thermometer in 1593 which, for the first time, allowed temperature variations to be measured. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer<br />Thermometers measure air temperature. More specifically, this device measures the air’s heat content. The idea of “mercury rises” actually refers to traditional thermometers, which use liquid to generate readings. Heat causes the liquid within the thermometer to expand and travel up and down the tube. Temperatures are measured in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit, depending on location.<br />Official thermometers used for keeping weather records, measure the temperature about 5 feet above the ground, usually within a specified shelter. This is important because wind and environmental effects, such as topography, or shade and shadows, can skew thermometer readings.<br />Types of thermometers:<br />Liquid-in-glass thermometer: glass tube filled with liquid (often mercury or alcohol) that expands/contracts with air temperature<br />maximum thermometer: usually are liquid-in-glass thermometers that record maximum observed temperature<br />minimum thermometer: usually are liquid-in-glass thermometers (use alcohol) that record minimum observed temperatures<br />Electrical resistance thermometers - measure temperature by measuring resistance in a wire<br />radiometer - measures radiation emitted by an object<br />