2. Printing Press
Telegraph
Penny Press
Radio
Film
Television
Internet
3. Postpositivism
* roots in positivism
Hermeneutic
* how people create meaning to symbols…
Critical
* steering away from traditions
Normative
* how and why people’s actions take place
4. Era of Mass Society
Era of Scientific Perspective
Era of Limited Effects Theory
Era of Cultural Criticism
5. Propaganda
White Propaganda
Black Propaganda
Gray Propaganda
Two-step flow
Culture
Political Economy Theory
Penny Press Newspapers