This document defines key concepts in nursing theory development including concepts, constructs, variables, models, and theories. It discusses different types of concepts such as empirical, inferential, and abstract concepts. It also categorizes theories as needs theories, interaction theories, outcome theories, and humanistic theories. Finally, it outlines the four core concepts that make up nursing's metaparadigm: nursing, person, health, and environment.
The Roy Adaptation Model sees the person as a biopsychosocial being in continuous interaction with a changing environment. The environment includes focal, contextual and residual stimuli. A focal stimulus is the confrontation with one's internal and external environment.
The Roy Adaptation Model sees the person as a biopsychosocial being in continuous interaction with a changing environment. The environment includes focal, contextual and residual stimuli. A focal stimulus is the confrontation with one's internal and external environment.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
Nursing is both an art and a science. The science of nursing examines the relationship among person, health and environment. The art of nursing is embedded in caring relationship between nurse and client.
As an increasingly emerging profession, nursing is now deeply involved in identifying its own unique body of knowledge that is essential to nursing practice. The development of a body of knowledge is basic to any professional discipline, which can be applied to its practice. Such knowledge often expressed in terms of concepts and theories in the area of the behavioral or social sciences.
Nursing is both an art and a science. The science of nursing examines the relationship among person, health and environment. The art of nursing is embedded in caring relationship between nurse and client.
As an increasingly emerging profession, nursing is now deeply involved in identifying its own unique body of knowledge that is essential to nursing practice.
Week 3 Concept Synthesis TemplatePlease use these Headings for.docxjessiehampson
Week 3 Concept Synthesis Template
Please use these Headings for your Week 3 Concept synthesis Paper
Concept Synthesis Paper: One way for you to provide items clearly is to use headings and subheadings.
Title (not bold)
Short introductory paragraph (but do not label as "Introduction")
Autobiography (bold)
Insert your autobiography here
Metaparadigm Concepts (in the order you desire)
Nursing (bold)
Define/describe nursing here
Health
Define/describe health here
Person
Define/describe person here
Environment
Define/describe environment here
Additional Concepts
Additional concept one (name your concept)
Define/describe first additional concept here
Additional concept two (name your concept)
Define/describe second additional concept here
Propositions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Present Clinical Example
Conclusion
If you follow this outline/these headings, it will be much easier for me to see that you completed the requirements for the paper but it will also make organizing the paper easier for you.
Scholarly academic references
Week 1The Theory Era
The theory era began with a strong emphasis on knowledge development. Although in the previous two decades proponents of nursing theory and nursing theorists had begun to publish their works, it is noteworthy that they denied being theorists when they were introduced as such at the 1978 Nurse Educator Conference in New York with the Nursing Theory theme. There was understanding among those attending the conference that the presenters were theorists, and by the second day, the audience responded to their denials with laughter. This seems strange today, but this was the first time most of the theorists even met each other. Their works had grown out of content organization in nursing education courses, nursing practice administration in large agencies, and structures for the thought and action of practice. It was clear that their works were nursing theoretical structures even before they recognized them as such. The theory era, coupled with the research and graduate education eras, led to understanding of the scientific process beyond production of a scientific product Theory forms the foundation of knowledge. Nursing theories form the foundation of nursing practice, research, and education. Throughout your professional life, you will be applying theory and the knowledge derived from theory in your practice environment regardless of the setting. An understanding of the nature of nursing knowledge from a historical perspective will help you relate better to where nursing theory development is today.
Theory
Theory is defined as "an organized, coherent, and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to significant questions in a discipline that are communicated in a meaningful whole; a symbolic depiction of aspects of reality that are discovered or invented for describing, explaining, predicting, or prescribing responses, events, situations, conditions, or relationships" ( ...
Chapter four. Theoretical found. in nursing practiceOmar Osman Eid
In this chapter, the central concepts of health, person, environment, nursing, and caring will be explored. Theoretical emphasis will be placed on theories related to the development of therapeutic relationships, modes of effective communication, and nursing therapeutics.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdf
Theory introduction
1.
2. Concept
A mental idea of a phenomenon
Concepts are the building blocks (the
primary elements) of a theory.
3. Concepts…….
Concepts are basically vehicles of thought
that involve images.
Concepts are words that describe objects,
properties, or events and are basic
components of theory.
Types of Concepts:
Empirical concepts
Inferential concepts
Abstract concepts.
4. Empirical concept
Relying on or derived from observation or
experiment. Verifiable or provable by means
of observation or experiment:
5. Inferential concept
Inferential theories of concepts hold that they
are individuated by reference to their
relationships with other concepts. These may
be causal, functional, computational,
inferential, or associative.
A concept such as WATER is individuated by
its reference to concepts such as CLEAR,
DRINKABLE, and LIQUID
6. Abstract Concept
Abstract ideas are concepts that need to
be visualized, as they cannot be illustrated
through concrete (real) examples.
Eg:explaining the progression of logic in a
(computer) program will be possible only
if the reader can correctly visualize
(imagine) it in his mind.
7. Construct
A phenomena that cannot be observed and
must be inferred
Constructs are concepts developed or
adopted for use in a particular theory. The
key concepts of a given theory are its
constructs.
Proposition
A statement of relationship between
concepts
8. Variables
Variables are the operational forms of
constructs. They define the way a
construct is to be measured in a specific
situation.
9. Models
Models are representations of the interaction
among and between the concepts showing
patterns
Models allow the concepts in nursing theory to
be successfully applied to nursing practice.
They provide an overview of the thinking
behind the theory and may demonstrate how
theory can be introduced into practice, for
example, through specific methods of
assessment.
10. Conceptual model
Made up of concepts and propositions
They represent ways of thinking about a
problem or ways of representing how
complex things work the way that they do.
Models may draw on a number of theories
to help understand a particular problem in
a certain setting or context. They are not
always as specified as theory
11. Conceptual Models of Nursing
Conceptual models are composed of abstract
and general concepts and propositions that
provide a frame of reference for members of
a discipline.
This frame of reference determines how the
world is viewed by members of a discipline
and guides the members as they propose
questions and make observations .
A conceptual model is specifically defined as
a set of concepts and statements that
integrate the concepts into a meaningful
configuration
12. Theory
A set of related statements that describes or
explains phenomena in a systematic way.
The doctrine or the principles underlying an
art as distinguished from the practice of that
particular art.
A formulated hypothesis or, loosely
speaking, any hypothesis or opinion not
based upon actual knowledge.
13. CHARACTERISTICS OF THEORIES
Interrelate concepts in such a way as to create a
different way of looking at a particular phenomenon.
Are logical in nature.
Are generalizable.
Are the bases for hypotheses that can be tested.
Increase the general body of knowledge within the
discipline through the research implemented to
validate them.
Are used by the practitioners to guide and improve
their practice.
Are consistent with other validated theories, laws,
and principles but will leave open unanswered
questions that need to be investigated
14. Nursing Theory
Nursing theory is the term given to the body of
knowledge that is used to support nursing practice.
Nursing theory is a framework designed to organize
knowledge and explain phenomena in nursing, at a
more concrete and specific level.
A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions,
relationships, and assumptions or propositions
derived from nursing models or from other
disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view
of phenomena by designing specific inter-
relationships among concepts for the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and /or
prescribing.
Each discipline has a unique focus for knowledge
development that directs its inquiry and distinguishes
it from other fields of study.
15. IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES
Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain
the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs1978).
It should provide the foundations of nursing practice,
help to generate further knowledge and indicate in
which direction nursing should develop in the future
(Brown 1964).
Theory is important because it helps us to decide
what we know and what we need to know
(Parsons1949).
It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of
practice by explicitly describing nursing.
This can be seen as an attempt by the nursing
profession to maintain its professional boundaries.
16.
17. Depending on the generalisability of their
principles
Metatheory: the theory of theory. Identifies
specific phenomena through abstract
concepts.
a theory concerned with the
investigation, analysis, or description of
theory itself.
18. Grand theory: provides a conceptual
framework under which the key concepts and
principles of the discipline can be identified.
Middle range theory: is more precise and
only analyses a particular situation with a
limited number of variables.
Practice theory: explores one particular
situation found in nursing. It identifies explicit
goals and details how these goals will be
achieved.
19. Theories can also be categorised
as:
"Needs "theories.
"Interaction" theories.
"Outcome "theories.
"Humanistic theories"
20. Needs" theories
These theories are based around
helping individuals to fulfill their physical
and mental needs.
Needs theories have been criticized for
relying too much on the medical model
of health and placing the patient in an
overtly dependent position.
22. "Outcome" theories
These portray the nurse as the changing
force, who enables individuals to adapt to
or cope with ill health (Roy 1980).
Outcome theories have been criticized as
too abstract and difficult to implement in
practice (Aggleton and Chalmers 1988).
24. "Interaction" theories
These theories revolve around the
relationships nurses form with
patients.
Such theories have been criticized for
largely ignoring the medical model of
health and not attending to basic
physical needs.
25. King
Orlando
Peterson and Zderad
Paplau
Travelbee
Wiedenbach
26. Humanistic" Theories:
Humanistic theories developed in response
to the psychoanalytic thought that a person’s
destiny was determined early in life.
Humanistic theories emphasize a person’s
capacity for self actualization .
Humanists believes that the person contains
within himself the potential for healthy and
creative growth.
27.
28. Metaparadigm is defined as: “a set of concepts
and propositions that sets forth the phenomena
with which a discipline is concerned.
A metaparadigm is the most general statement
of a discipline and functions as a framework in
which the more restricted structures of
conceptual models develop” (Miller-Keane
Dictionary, 2003).
Another definition is “The concepts that identify
the phenomena of central interest to a discipline;
the propositions that describe those concepts and
their relationships to each other” (Farlex
Dictionary, 2009).
It’s a global perspective of the discipline.
30. Nursing
Actions, characteristics and attributes of
person giving care.
Phenomenon of Nursing: this nursing
metaparadigm concept is related to the art
and science of nursing; it consists of nursing
actions or nursing interventions.
Think of this concept as what nurses DO.
This concept includes the nurse applying
professional knowledge, procedural and
technical skills, and indirect and direct
(hands-on) patient care.
31. Person
Recipient of care, including physical, spiritual,
psychological, and sociocultural components.
Individual, family, or community
Phenomenon of Person: nurses provide nursing
care to Persons. The Person is the one receiving
the nursing care. But importantly, Person
is defined according to the recipient of nursing
care (the patient or client) and may include the
patient’s family and friends and the community.
The nurse needs to consider how the patient
defines family when planning care
32. Health
Degree of wellness or illness experienced by
the person
Phenomenon of Health: the concept of
health is relative to the person and is defined
according to the patient’s perspective.
It refers to the patient’s level of wellness
(i.e., the health/wellness-illness continuum)
in all its many aspects: physical,
psychological, mental, intellectual,
emotional, and spiritual. The ability to access
healthcare and resources to support health
and wellness is included.
33. Environment
All internal and external conditions,
circumstances, and influences affecting the person
Phenomenon of Environment: While we
typically think of the environment as something
external to us – a setting or place – a person’s
environment is also internal.
The environment consists of internal, external,
and social factors that impact a patient’s health
(including genetics, immune function, culture,
interpersonal relationships, economics, mental
state, geographic location, education level,
politics, ecology, social status, job or career level,
etc.)