Theorists
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Alvin Toffler is an American writer and futurist known for works discussing the digital revolution, communication revolution, and technological singularity. David Gauntlett is a British sociologist whose work has focused on contemporary media audiences and how digital and social media relate to self-identity. Henry Jenkins III is an American media scholar who holds a joint professorship studying communication, journalism, and cinematic arts at USC.
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Visual Literacy as an Educational Challenge in the Era of Risk Society: DiSco...
People living in Western societies are facing many events and situations, which can be described as a risk. However, according to Ulrich Beck (1992), in a modern society, risk has different qualities than it had before. Moreover, Anthony Giddens (1992) concludes that in the modern world, we have to trust abstract systems such as science or politics. People in Western societies are not being threatened by wild animals or hunger anymore, but by dangers they hear about in the media, which are usually described or even created by those abstract systems. In this paper, I try to point out that living in the risk society era leads, especially among young people, to a quite understandable reaction; they try to find a consolation in saving their certainties and memories into digital photographs and sharing them via social networks (Sarvas & Frohlich 2011), in our paper we are mainly focusing on photographic social network Instagram. It is the photograph that plays a crucial role in shaping the awareness of one's own memory, identity, and belonging to a community. Through photographs, on the one hand, we perceive the world and store our individual (Van Dijck 2005) as well as our collective memory (Pink 2011). On the other hand, photographs serve as a means of self-expression (Tinkler 2008). Moreover, today's time is greatly fragmented, discontinuous, and episodic, which, on the other hand, leads human individuals to constantly legitimize themselves as unique and authentic individuals (Bauman 2002). This is happening in a highly fragmented environment of the internet where audiences are formed on the basis of similar interests, tastes, subculture or ethnic group identification (Carey 1993). Furthermore, this constant visual communication requires a continual adaptation to the media messages, which puts an increased emphasis on visual literacy as a part of educational process. In short, the main goal of this contribution is to introduce an analysis of several significant digital photographs shared recently via visual social networks, highlight some of the discursive strategies encrypted in them and, as a result, offer visual literacy as a challenge for temporary education.
COMM 101-Semester Wrap-Up
This semester's COMM 101 course examined various topics relating to how culture interacts with and is impacted by mass media. Students explored the overwhelming presence of mass media, the power of media images and messages, and how mass media should be taught. Additional topics included yellow journalism, the global media industry, music as a cultural unifier, television's role as a cultural mirror, video games' impact on culture, and the internet as both a democratic platform and testing ground. The class also analyzed the pervasive influence of advertising in mass media and how advertising enables media production. The wrap-up encourages students to think critically about mass media's role in their lives and society.
Jeremy tunstall
Jeremy Tunstall was a British sociologist born in 1934. In 1977, he published his landmark book "The Media Are American" where he argued that while many mass media originated in other parts of the world, the United States dominated global media in the 20th century because mass communication mediums became highly industrialized there. In 2008, he published "The Media Were American" focusing on the decline of American mass media. Tunstall's audience engagement theory proposed that audiences interact with media in primary, secondary, or tertiary ways depending on their environment and activities.
Presentation 1
This document discusses the complex relationship between modern states, democracy, and organized violence. It makes three key points:
1. Early states consolidated power through war, but internal violence decreased as potential for violence increased through growing state power.
2. Later, states further rationalized domestic violence through law and professionalized security forces, allowing civil society and markets to emerge.
3. Democracy has an ambivalent relationship with violence and war. It can both discourage and encourage violence, depending on factors like nationalism, individualism, and economic concerns. Securing collective long-term security remains an ongoing challenge.
Zombie pitch
The document outlines a narrative concept for a short film about a zombie who faces discrimination in a normal world. It presents 6 sample scenes that follow the zombie as it experiences rejection from others and seeks companionship. Two alternative endings are proposed: a happy ending where the zombie finds love with another zombie, and a sadder ending where an attempted online date turns out to be a cruel trick. The document provides details on characters, settings, costumes, lighting and camera angles for each scene.
Iron Stone Pitch
The film starts as a romantic walk in the countryside by a young couple but unexpectedly transforms into a horror movie with zombie scenes and gore. It features the couple Lindsey and Andy who encounter zombies Chloe and Haley. The beginning has sunny lighting and music while the ending is gloomy with dramatic music for the zombie arrival. Costumes include casual clothes for the couple and torn, bloody clothes with dark makeup for the zombies. The lighting shifts from natural to dark and gloomy. The intended audience includes those who like films with twists, horror, gore, and zombies.
Evaluation Question 4
The document discusses the use of various digital technologies in the production of different media artifacts. Adobe Photoshop was used to create a poster, allowing effects and image cutting. Adobe InDesign facilitated flat planning and professional layout of a double page spread. Final Cut Pro, while initially complicated, enabled advanced film editing through clipping, filtering, and blue screening. GarageBand helped provide fitting sound effects and music, which could then be imported into Final Cut Pro to accompany the film clips.
Access and barriers to services
The document discusses several barriers to accessing health and social care services: inadequate resources due to lack of funding, staff, and equipment can lead to delays in treatment; physical difficulties in traveling to services; issues with communication for those who do not speak the local language, are deaf/blind, or illiterate; and ignorance about available services. It provides examples of each barrier and proposes ways to overcome them, such as increasing funding, extended service hours, improved transportation options, multi-lingual materials, sign language interpretation, and community outreach/advertising.
Recommended
Visual Literacy as an Educational Challenge in the Era of Risk Society: DiSco...
People living in Western societies are facing many events and situations, which can be described as a risk. However, according to Ulrich Beck (1992), in a modern society, risk has different qualities than it had before. Moreover, Anthony Giddens (1992) concludes that in the modern world, we have to trust abstract systems such as science or politics. People in Western societies are not being threatened by wild animals or hunger anymore, but by dangers they hear about in the media, which are usually described or even created by those abstract systems. In this paper, I try to point out that living in the risk society era leads, especially among young people, to a quite understandable reaction; they try to find a consolation in saving their certainties and memories into digital photographs and sharing them via social networks (Sarvas & Frohlich 2011), in our paper we are mainly focusing on photographic social network Instagram. It is the photograph that plays a crucial role in shaping the awareness of one's own memory, identity, and belonging to a community. Through photographs, on the one hand, we perceive the world and store our individual (Van Dijck 2005) as well as our collective memory (Pink 2011). On the other hand, photographs serve as a means of self-expression (Tinkler 2008). Moreover, today's time is greatly fragmented, discontinuous, and episodic, which, on the other hand, leads human individuals to constantly legitimize themselves as unique and authentic individuals (Bauman 2002). This is happening in a highly fragmented environment of the internet where audiences are formed on the basis of similar interests, tastes, subculture or ethnic group identification (Carey 1993). Furthermore, this constant visual communication requires a continual adaptation to the media messages, which puts an increased emphasis on visual literacy as a part of educational process. In short, the main goal of this contribution is to introduce an analysis of several significant digital photographs shared recently via visual social networks, highlight some of the discursive strategies encrypted in them and, as a result, offer visual literacy as a challenge for temporary education.
COMM 101-Semester Wrap-Up
This semester's COMM 101 course examined various topics relating to how culture interacts with and is impacted by mass media. Students explored the overwhelming presence of mass media, the power of media images and messages, and how mass media should be taught. Additional topics included yellow journalism, the global media industry, music as a cultural unifier, television's role as a cultural mirror, video games' impact on culture, and the internet as both a democratic platform and testing ground. The class also analyzed the pervasive influence of advertising in mass media and how advertising enables media production. The wrap-up encourages students to think critically about mass media's role in their lives and society.
Jeremy tunstall
Jeremy Tunstall was a British sociologist born in 1934. In 1977, he published his landmark book "The Media Are American" where he argued that while many mass media originated in other parts of the world, the United States dominated global media in the 20th century because mass communication mediums became highly industrialized there. In 2008, he published "The Media Were American" focusing on the decline of American mass media. Tunstall's audience engagement theory proposed that audiences interact with media in primary, secondary, or tertiary ways depending on their environment and activities.
Presentation 1
This document discusses the complex relationship between modern states, democracy, and organized violence. It makes three key points:
1. Early states consolidated power through war, but internal violence decreased as potential for violence increased through growing state power.
2. Later, states further rationalized domestic violence through law and professionalized security forces, allowing civil society and markets to emerge.
3. Democracy has an ambivalent relationship with violence and war. It can both discourage and encourage violence, depending on factors like nationalism, individualism, and economic concerns. Securing collective long-term security remains an ongoing challenge.
Zombie pitch
The document outlines a narrative concept for a short film about a zombie who faces discrimination in a normal world. It presents 6 sample scenes that follow the zombie as it experiences rejection from others and seeks companionship. Two alternative endings are proposed: a happy ending where the zombie finds love with another zombie, and a sadder ending where an attempted online date turns out to be a cruel trick. The document provides details on characters, settings, costumes, lighting and camera angles for each scene.
Iron Stone Pitch
The film starts as a romantic walk in the countryside by a young couple but unexpectedly transforms into a horror movie with zombie scenes and gore. It features the couple Lindsey and Andy who encounter zombies Chloe and Haley. The beginning has sunny lighting and music while the ending is gloomy with dramatic music for the zombie arrival. Costumes include casual clothes for the couple and torn, bloody clothes with dark makeup for the zombies. The lighting shifts from natural to dark and gloomy. The intended audience includes those who like films with twists, horror, gore, and zombies.
Evaluation Question 4
The document discusses the use of various digital technologies in the production of different media artifacts. Adobe Photoshop was used to create a poster, allowing effects and image cutting. Adobe InDesign facilitated flat planning and professional layout of a double page spread. Final Cut Pro, while initially complicated, enabled advanced film editing through clipping, filtering, and blue screening. GarageBand helped provide fitting sound effects and music, which could then be imported into Final Cut Pro to accompany the film clips.
Access and barriers to services
The document discusses several barriers to accessing health and social care services: inadequate resources due to lack of funding, staff, and equipment can lead to delays in treatment; physical difficulties in traveling to services; issues with communication for those who do not speak the local language, are deaf/blind, or illiterate; and ignorance about available services. It provides examples of each barrier and proposes ways to overcome them, such as increasing funding, extended service hours, improved transportation options, multi-lingual materials, sign language interpretation, and community outreach/advertising.
Treating people badly with activities and some edits
The document discusses the importance of treating people well in care settings and some ways people can be treated badly. Treating people well involves providing quality of life factors and considering long term needs and outcomes. Neglect, rejection, hostility, punishment, bullying, and violence are some ways people in care settings can be treated badly. Discrimination, including discrimination based on sex, sexuality, ethnicity, disability, social class, and age are also discussed. Care workers must avoid unfairly discriminating against people.
Physical life quality factors
The document discusses several factors that contribute to physical life quality: exercise, nutrition, physical safety, hygiene, physical comfort, and freedom from pain. It provides examples of how health and social care settings promote each factor, such as implementing chair exercises for limited mobility, ensuring balanced diets, conducting risk assessments, enforcing hand washing, addressing uncomfortable stimulation or temperatures, and properly managing pain. The overall message is that attentiveness to these physical factors is important for clients' and patients' well-being.
Rights and responsibilities
1) Citizens have responsibilities to maintain their own health through good diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking or substance abuse.
2) They should care for minor ailments at home with advice from a pharmacist and consider being an organ donor.
3) Patients should listen to medical advice, inform doctors about other treatments, and treat NHS staff and other patients with respect.
Care of elderly people
Needs assessments carried out by social workers evaluate an elderly person's living conditions, independent living skills, financial situation, family support, and needs for services. This determines if they require domiciliary care at home, attendance at day centers which provide activities and meals, or placement in residential or nursing homes that provide 24-hour care, meals, activities, and assistance with daily tasks.
Caring skills and techniques
The document outlines 15 caring skills and techniques used in care work: observation, social perception, working alongside, modelling, setting challenges, communication, encouraging adaptive behaviors, physical contact, creating trust, gaining compliance, distraction, reducing negative feelings and beliefs, disengagement, and using eye contact and facial expressions. These skills involve collecting client information, noticing behaviors, perceiving feelings and intentions, working with clients, demonstrating behaviors, suggesting activities, effective listening, encouraging healthy behaviors, touch, acting reliably, obtaining agreement, managing pain/anxiety, lessening emotions, temporary withdrawal, and facial expressions. Mastering these techniques allows care workers to better understand and assist their clients.
Iron Stone Pitch
The film starts as a romantic walk in the countryside by a young couple but unexpectedly transforms into a horror movie with zombie scenes and gore. It features the couple Lindsey and Andy who encounter zombies Chloe and Haley. The beginning has sunny lighting and music while the ending is gloomy with dramatic music for the zombie arrival. Costumes include casual clothes for the couple and torn, bloody clothes with dark makeup for the zombies. The lighting shifts from natural to dark and gloomy. The intended audience includes those who like films with twists, horror, gore, and zombies.
Blog Task 2
The document discusses and analyzes the posters for 6 different films - "Across the Hall", "Insidious", "The Vow", "Ted", "Evolution" - and compares the short and feature film posters for "Across the Hall". It examines elements like the visuals, text, and implied genre to determine how each poster effectively markets its film as fitting into a particular genre like horror, comedy, romance, or sci-fi. Key differences are also noted between the amateur short film poster and professional feature film poster for "Across the Hall".
Psychological life quality factors
The document discusses several key psychological life quality factors including psychological security, social contact, social support, approval, occupation, stimulation, privacy, dignity, choice, autonomy, equitable treatment, and effective communication. These factors relate to an individual's well-being and quality of life. Some examples provided include feeling free from fear or distress, having social interactions, receiving encouragement from others, having meaningful activities to participate in, being able to make independent decisions, and being treated with respect in a care setting.
A Review Of Media Effect Theories And Their Extension To Digital Media
This document provides an overview of media effect theories from early theories of direct unidirectional effects to later more complex reciprocal theories. It discusses four phases of media effect theories: 1) Significant Effect Phase where media were seen as directly shaping opinions, 2) Minimal/Limited Effect Phase where media effects depended on individual predispositions, 3) Strong Effect Rediscovered Phase where long-term cultivation effects of television were studied, 4) Reciprocal Effect Phase where interactive digital media allow for two-way effects between media and audiences. The document aims to map how theories have evolved over time and discuss extending theories to digital media.
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Immanuel Wallerstein was an American sociologist known for developing world-systems theory, which views the world as a single historical system of core and peripheral states. He argued that capitalism benefits core states and discourages growth in peripheral states, and that future economic contractions may cause capitalism to ultimately fail without changes. Wallerstein believed the modern world-system emerged around 1500 and analyzed it as consisting of a dominant core, exploited peripheral states, and semi-peripheral states exploited by the core and exploiting peripheries.
ALVIN-TOFFLER_samson.ppt2357qreport.pptx
Alvin Toffler was an American writer and futurist known for works discussing the effects of technology on culture. In his 1970 book Future Shock, he coined the term "future shock" to describe the confusion resulting from too rapid change. His 1980 book The Third Wave predicted technologies like cloning, computers, and mobile phones. Along with his wife Heidi, Toffler examined societal reactions to change in additional bestsellers. He began his career as a welder and journalist before becoming a noted author and business consultant, lecturing worldwide and meeting with world leaders.
C & T
The document discusses the relationship between culture and technology from several perspectives. It examines how artists have represented technology, including the Futurist and Constructivist movements that embraced technology. It explores debates around technological determinism versus social and cultural influences. The document also analyzes how modernism reflected new technologies and industrialization, and how postmodern aesthetics represented a shift from modernism through developments like Pop Art. Overall, the document provides an overview of theoretical frameworks for analyzing the intersection of culture and technology through history.
new media.ppt
This document discusses the evolution of mass media and its effects. It presents two views on the effects of mass media: that it can benefit society by spreading information democratically, but others argue it allows those who control media to manipulate society. The document also discusses how media is no longer uniform, with fragmented audiences and many communication choices. It analyzes critiques of mass media as a tool for propaganda, and debates whether new media can better serve democratic ideals by empowering individuals. The role of media in shaping public debate and the concept of the "public sphere" is also examined.
Intro to media studies
This document provides an introduction to media studies. It defines media as collective communication outlets used to deliver information, including television, music, newspapers, the internet and advertising. Media studies is described as the discipline that analyzes content, history and effects of mass media. The document outlines the importance of media literacy in making sense of increasing media messages. It then gives a brief history of media development and an overview of four eras in the evolution of media theories, from early mass society theories to current cultural criticism approaches. Key theories from each era are also summarized.
Hypodermic needle theory.pptx
The Magic Bullet Theory proposes that media has a direct, powerful, and immediate influence on audiences similar to being shot with a bullet. It was developed in the 1930s-40s based on the role of media in World War propaganda campaigns. The theory suggests that audiences passively accept messages without rejection and can be manipulated en masse by media. However, the theory has been criticized for ignoring audience agency and failing to acknowledge more complex interpersonal influences on opinion formation. Later research also found the theory was not empirically supported.
Influence of media
The document discusses the development and types of mass media. It provides details on print media, electronic media, and alternative media. It discusses the influence and exposure of media in India, specifically mentioning newspapers, radio, films, television, and the internet. The document also outlines three ways media can affect people - technological effects, direct effects, and indirect effects. It discusses both positive and negative influences media can have, such as modifying lifestyles, globalizing culture, reducing concentration, and creating a false sense of well-being.
communication theories (chap 5)
The document provides an overview of the emergence of critical cultural trends in North America, including:
1. The rise of critical cultural theory and how it compares to other media theory trends through examining culture and its influence.
2. Key thinkers and theories discussed include Theodor Adorno, Louis Althusser, hegemony, critical theory, the Frankfurt School, political economy theory, cultural studies, and their debates.
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Disclaimer: all images and original texts belong to their rightful owners.
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Critical media
This document discusses different types of old and new media. It provides statistics about social media usage, such as the number of Facebook users and tweets per day. The document also examines the power and influence of media, such as how radio was used for propaganda during WWII and how some media has portrayed gender and racial issues. It emphasizes that most of what people know comes from mediated sources and stresses the importance of being critical of media by analyzing the agenda and viewpoint of its creators.
Four eras of communication (2)
This document discusses the four eras of mass communication theories:
1) Era of mass society theory from 1850-1940 where new media was seen as disruptive.
2) Era of scientific perspective from 1940-1950 where Lazarsfeld conducted experiments showing media had limited effects.
3) Era of limited effects from 1950-1960s where research supported this perspective.
4) Era of cultural criticism from 1960-1980s where European theorists argued media enabled elites to maintain power. Theories discussed in each era include propaganda theory, limited effects theory, agenda setting theory, and cultivation theory.
Lecture 7. the media and social theory
The document summarizes key concepts from Lecture 7 including discussions of functionalist and conflict theories on the role of education. It also covers the history of communication technologies from oral cultures to the modern digital age. Theories of media include the hypodermic model, interpretive model, functionalism, pluralism, and conflict theory. Debates discussed media representations, ownership, and the capacity of media to shape public opinions and their relationship with sources of power.
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Treating people badly with activities and some edits
The document discusses the importance of treating people well in care settings and some ways people can be treated badly. Treating people well involves providing quality of life factors and considering long term needs and outcomes. Neglect, rejection, hostility, punishment, bullying, and violence are some ways people in care settings can be treated badly. Discrimination, including discrimination based on sex, sexuality, ethnicity, disability, social class, and age are also discussed. Care workers must avoid unfairly discriminating against people.
Physical life quality factors
The document discusses several factors that contribute to physical life quality: exercise, nutrition, physical safety, hygiene, physical comfort, and freedom from pain. It provides examples of how health and social care settings promote each factor, such as implementing chair exercises for limited mobility, ensuring balanced diets, conducting risk assessments, enforcing hand washing, addressing uncomfortable stimulation or temperatures, and properly managing pain. The overall message is that attentiveness to these physical factors is important for clients' and patients' well-being.
Rights and responsibilities
1) Citizens have responsibilities to maintain their own health through good diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking or substance abuse.
2) They should care for minor ailments at home with advice from a pharmacist and consider being an organ donor.
3) Patients should listen to medical advice, inform doctors about other treatments, and treat NHS staff and other patients with respect.
Care of elderly people
Needs assessments carried out by social workers evaluate an elderly person's living conditions, independent living skills, financial situation, family support, and needs for services. This determines if they require domiciliary care at home, attendance at day centers which provide activities and meals, or placement in residential or nursing homes that provide 24-hour care, meals, activities, and assistance with daily tasks.
Caring skills and techniques
The document outlines 15 caring skills and techniques used in care work: observation, social perception, working alongside, modelling, setting challenges, communication, encouraging adaptive behaviors, physical contact, creating trust, gaining compliance, distraction, reducing negative feelings and beliefs, disengagement, and using eye contact and facial expressions. These skills involve collecting client information, noticing behaviors, perceiving feelings and intentions, working with clients, demonstrating behaviors, suggesting activities, effective listening, encouraging healthy behaviors, touch, acting reliably, obtaining agreement, managing pain/anxiety, lessening emotions, temporary withdrawal, and facial expressions. Mastering these techniques allows care workers to better understand and assist their clients.
Iron Stone Pitch
The film starts as a romantic walk in the countryside by a young couple but unexpectedly transforms into a horror movie with zombie scenes and gore. It features the couple Lindsey and Andy who encounter zombies Chloe and Haley. The beginning has sunny lighting and music while the ending is gloomy with dramatic music for the zombie arrival. Costumes include casual clothes for the couple and torn, bloody clothes with dark makeup for the zombies. The lighting shifts from natural to dark and gloomy. The intended audience includes those who like films with twists, horror, gore, and zombies.
Blog Task 2
The document discusses and analyzes the posters for 6 different films - "Across the Hall", "Insidious", "The Vow", "Ted", "Evolution" - and compares the short and feature film posters for "Across the Hall". It examines elements like the visuals, text, and implied genre to determine how each poster effectively markets its film as fitting into a particular genre like horror, comedy, romance, or sci-fi. Key differences are also noted between the amateur short film poster and professional feature film poster for "Across the Hall".
Psychological life quality factors
The document discusses several key psychological life quality factors including psychological security, social contact, social support, approval, occupation, stimulation, privacy, dignity, choice, autonomy, equitable treatment, and effective communication. These factors relate to an individual's well-being and quality of life. Some examples provided include feeling free from fear or distress, having social interactions, receiving encouragement from others, having meaningful activities to participate in, being able to make independent decisions, and being treated with respect in a care setting.
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A Review Of Media Effect Theories And Their Extension To Digital Media
This document provides an overview of media effect theories from early theories of direct unidirectional effects to later more complex reciprocal theories. It discusses four phases of media effect theories: 1) Significant Effect Phase where media were seen as directly shaping opinions, 2) Minimal/Limited Effect Phase where media effects depended on individual predispositions, 3) Strong Effect Rediscovered Phase where long-term cultivation effects of television were studied, 4) Reciprocal Effect Phase where interactive digital media allow for two-way effects between media and audiences. The document aims to map how theories have evolved over time and discuss extending theories to digital media.
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The document discusses the relationship between culture and technology from several perspectives. It examines how artists have represented technology, including the Futurist and Constructivist movements that embraced technology. It explores debates around technological determinism versus social and cultural influences. The document also analyzes how modernism reflected new technologies and industrialization, and how postmodern aesthetics represented a shift from modernism through developments like Pop Art. Overall, the document provides an overview of theoretical frameworks for analyzing the intersection of culture and technology through history.
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This document discusses the evolution of mass media and its effects. It presents two views on the effects of mass media: that it can benefit society by spreading information democratically, but others argue it allows those who control media to manipulate society. The document also discusses how media is no longer uniform, with fragmented audiences and many communication choices. It analyzes critiques of mass media as a tool for propaganda, and debates whether new media can better serve democratic ideals by empowering individuals. The role of media in shaping public debate and the concept of the "public sphere" is also examined.
Intro to media studies
This document provides an introduction to media studies. It defines media as collective communication outlets used to deliver information, including television, music, newspapers, the internet and advertising. Media studies is described as the discipline that analyzes content, history and effects of mass media. The document outlines the importance of media literacy in making sense of increasing media messages. It then gives a brief history of media development and an overview of four eras in the evolution of media theories, from early mass society theories to current cultural criticism approaches. Key theories from each era are also summarized.
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The Magic Bullet Theory proposes that media has a direct, powerful, and immediate influence on audiences similar to being shot with a bullet. It was developed in the 1930s-40s based on the role of media in World War propaganda campaigns. The theory suggests that audiences passively accept messages without rejection and can be manipulated en masse by media. However, the theory has been criticized for ignoring audience agency and failing to acknowledge more complex interpersonal influences on opinion formation. Later research also found the theory was not empirically supported.
Influence of media
The document discusses the development and types of mass media. It provides details on print media, electronic media, and alternative media. It discusses the influence and exposure of media in India, specifically mentioning newspapers, radio, films, television, and the internet. The document also outlines three ways media can affect people - technological effects, direct effects, and indirect effects. It discusses both positive and negative influences media can have, such as modifying lifestyles, globalizing culture, reducing concentration, and creating a false sense of well-being.
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The document provides an overview of the emergence of critical cultural trends in North America, including:
1. The rise of critical cultural theory and how it compares to other media theory trends through examining culture and its influence.
2. Key thinkers and theories discussed include Theodor Adorno, Louis Althusser, hegemony, critical theory, the Frankfurt School, political economy theory, cultural studies, and their debates.
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Disclaimer: all images and original texts belong to their rightful owners.
Chapter 17 of the book "International Communication. A reader", edited by Daya Kishan Thussu.
Critical media
This document discusses different types of old and new media. It provides statistics about social media usage, such as the number of Facebook users and tweets per day. The document also examines the power and influence of media, such as how radio was used for propaganda during WWII and how some media has portrayed gender and racial issues. It emphasizes that most of what people know comes from mediated sources and stresses the importance of being critical of media by analyzing the agenda and viewpoint of its creators.
Four eras of communication (2)
This document discusses the four eras of mass communication theories:
1) Era of mass society theory from 1850-1940 where new media was seen as disruptive.
2) Era of scientific perspective from 1940-1950 where Lazarsfeld conducted experiments showing media had limited effects.
3) Era of limited effects from 1950-1960s where research supported this perspective.
4) Era of cultural criticism from 1960-1980s where European theorists argued media enabled elites to maintain power. Theories discussed in each era include propaganda theory, limited effects theory, agenda setting theory, and cultivation theory.
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The document summarizes key concepts from Lecture 7 including discussions of functionalist and conflict theories on the role of education. It also covers the history of communication technologies from oral cultures to the modern digital age. Theories of media include the hypodermic model, interpretive model, functionalism, pluralism, and conflict theory. Debates discussed media representations, ownership, and the capacity of media to shape public opinions and their relationship with sources of power.
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This lecture provides an overview of Marshall McLuhan's influential media theory work. McLuhan argued that the medium or form of communication is more important than the content. He believed each era was dominated by a different communication medium that shaped human experience, moving from oral to print to electronic. McLuhan is considered a "formalist" who focused on how media technology structures society rather than what messages mean to audiences. While criticized for lacking evidence, McLuhan's work predicted trends of new media and the "global village."
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The document summarizes four eras in the development of mass communication theories:
1) Era of mass society theory from 1850-1940 focused on media's negative impact on society.
2) Era of scientific perspective from 1940-1950 saw Lazarsfeld introduce empirical research challenging mass society ideas.
3) Era of limited effects from 1950-1960s saw empirical research further support limited media effects.
4) Era of cultural criticism from 1960-1980s saw non-empirical European theories challenge the dominant limited effects view.
Bullet theory
The Hypodermic Needle Theory originated in the 1920s and posits that media has the power to directly inject influential messages into passive audiences, similar to how a hypodermic needle injects a substance. It assumes media can strongly impact public opinion and behavior in a uniform way. While influential early on, it is now seen as too simplistic given that audiences can reject messages and media effects vary between individuals and are influenced by other factors.
Chapter-7-tcw.docx
This document provides an overview of mass media and its functions. It discusses how mass media reflects cultural values while also influencing attitudes and behaviors. Mass media is defined as communication targeting a large, anonymous audience through technologies like newspapers, radio, and television. Key points made include:
- Mass media has immense power to incorporate people into society and influence their values, though direct links between media messages and behavior are difficult to prove.
- Television in particular has become a dominant medium, with people spending half their free time watching on average. However, television may not fully capture viewers' attention.
- Mass media serves important functions like warning of dangers, providing companionship through media personalities, and conferring status on individuals through
Hypodermic syringe model
The hypodermic syringe model suggests that mass media has a direct and powerful effect on passive audiences by "injecting" them with messages. It views audiences as unable to resist media influence. The model was influenced by the rise of radio and TV, advertising/propaganda, and Hitler's use of media. The 1938 "War of the Worlds" radio broadcast, which caused a panic after people believed the fictional Martian invasion was real, became a classic example of the model's effects on a supposedly passive public.
Similar to Theorists (20)
A Review Of Media Effect Theories And Their Extension To Digital Media
A Review Of Media Effect Theories And Their Extension To Digital Media
Audiences and readers of alternative media - a book chapter by John D. H. Dow...
Audiences and readers of alternative media - a book chapter by John D. H. Dow...
Theorists
- 2. Alvin Toffler Alvin Toffler is an American writer and futurist, known for his works discussing the digital revolution, communication revolution, corporate revolution and technological singularity. A former associate editor of fortune magazine, his early work focused on technology and its impact (through effects like information overload). Then he moved to examining the reaction of and changes in society. His later focus has been on the increasing power of 21st century military hardware, weapons and technology proliferation, and capitalism.
- 3. David Gauntlett David Gauntlett is a British sociologist and media theorist. His earlier work concerned contemporary media audiences, and has moved towards a focus on the everyday making and sharing of digital media and social media, and the role of such media in self-identity and self-expression.
- 4. Henry Jenkins Henry Jenkins III is an American media scholar and currently a Provost Professor of Communication, Journalism, and Cinematic Arts, a joint professorship at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and the USC School of Cinematic Arts.