Theories of Child Development

1. created by Racel M. Sanico

2. refers to the sequence of
physical, language, thought and
emotional changes that occur in
a child from birth to the
beginning of adulthood.

3. ’

4. Freud's Psychosexual
Developmental Theory
Erikson's Psychosocial
Developmental Theory
Piaget's Cognitive
Developmental Theory
Vygotsky's Sociocultural
Theory
Kohlberg's Theory of
Moral Development

5. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
Freud's stages are called the stages of
psychosexual development. According to Freud,
children's pleasure-seeking urges are focused on a
different area of the body, called an erogenous
zone, at each of the five stages of development:
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

6. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development
suggests that children move through four
different stages of learning. His theory focuses
not only on understanding how children acquire
knowledge, but also on understanding the nature
of intelligence.

7. • Sensorimotor stage:
Birth to 2 years
• Preoperational stage:
Ages 2 to 7
• Concrete
operational stage:
Ages 7 to 11
• Formal operational
stage:
• Ages 12 and up

8. Erik Erikson was an ego psychologist who
developed one of the most popular and influential
theories of development. While his theory was
impacted by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's work,
Erikson's theory centered on psychosocial
development rather than psychosexual
development.

9. Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
(Infancy from birth to 18 months)
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt (Toddler years from 18
months to three years)
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
(Preschool years from three to five)
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
(Middle school years from six to 11)
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
(Teen years from 12 to 18)
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
(Young adult years from 18 to 40)
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
(Middle age from 40 to 65)
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
(Older adulthood from 65 to death)

10. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that parents,
caregivers, peers, and the culture at large are
responsible for developing the brain's higher-
order functions. According to Vygotsky, human
development relies on social interaction and,
therefore, can differ among cultures.

11. Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a theory
that focuses on how children develop morality and
moral reasoning. Kohlberg's theory suggests that
moral development occurs in a series of six stages
and that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking
and maintaining justice.

13. I hope you can get useful
knowledge from this
presentation. Good luck!