Erik Erikson developed eight stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan. Each stage involves resolving a crisis between two opposing tendencies that are important for healthy development. The stages include trust vs. mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs. shame and doubt in toddlers, initiative vs. guilt in preschoolers, industry vs. inferiority in childhood, identity vs. role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs. isolation in young adulthood, generativity vs. stagnation in middle adulthood, and integrity vs. despair in late adulthood. Robert Havighurst also identified developmental tasks that must be achieved at each life stage to successfully transition to the next stage.

1. THE
DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES

2. Human development focuses
on human growth and
changes across the lifespan,
including physical, cognitive
social intellectual, perpetual,
personality and emotional
growth.

3. The study of the human
development stages is
essential to understanding
how humans learn, mature
and adapt.

4. The human being is
either in a state of
Growth or Decline,
but either condition
imparts change.

5. WHAT THE FACTS????
Erik Erikson was
an ego
psychologist who
developed one of
the most popular
and influential
theories of
development.

6. OVERVIEW OF STAGES
OF DEVELOPMENT
Erikson's theory was based on
what is known as the Epigenetic
Principle.
This principle suggests that
people grow in a sequence that
occurs over time and in the
context of a larger community.

7. The stages that make up his theory are as follows:
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy from birth to 18 months)
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler years from
18 months to three years)
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool years from three to
five)
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (Middle school years from six
to 11)
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion (Teen years from 12 to 18)
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adult years from 18 to
40)
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle age from 40 to
65)
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (Older adulthood from 65 to
death)

9. TRUST VS. MISTRUST (BIRTH TO
18 MONTHS OLD)
The trust versus mistrust stage is
the first stage of
psychologist Erik
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial
development. This stage begins
at birth and lasts until your child
is around 18 months old.

10. According to Erikson, it
is the most important
period of your child's life,
as it shapes their view of
the world as well as their
overall personality.

12. AUTONOMY VERSUS SHAME AND
DOUBT (18 MONTHS TO 3 YRS. OLD)
is the second stage of Erik
Erikson’s stages
of psychosocial
development. This stage
occurs between the ages of
18 months to around age 2 or
3 years.

13. According to Erikson,
children at this stage are
focused on developing a
greater sense of self-
control.

15. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT(3 AND 5
YRS. OLD)
Initiative versus guilt is
the third stage of Erik
Erikson’s theory
of psychosocial development.
This stage occurs during the
preschool years, between the
ages of 3 and 5.

16. During the initiative versus
guilt stage, children begin
to assert their power and
control over the world
through directing play and
other social interaction

18. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (5-
12 YRS. OLD)
During the industry versus
inferiority stage, children
become capable of
performing increasingly
complex tasks. As a result,
they strive to master new
skills.

19. Children who are
encouraged and
commended by parents
and teachers develop a
feeling of
COMPETENCE and
belief in their abilities.

20. Those who receive
little or “no
encouragement” from
parents, teachers, or
peers will DOUBT their
ability to be
successful.

22. IDENTITY VS. ROLE
CONFUSION(12-18 YRS. OLD)
Identity versus role confusion is
the fifth stage of ego in
psychologist Erik
Erikson's theory of psychosocial
development. This stage occurs
during adolescence between the
ages of approximately 12 and 18.

23. During this stage,
adolescents explore
their independence
and develop a sense of
self.

24. During each stage, everyone
faces a developmental conflict
that must be resolved to
successfully develop the
primary virtue of that stage.

25. Erikson was interested in
how social interaction
and relationships
affect development and
growth.

27. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (19-40
YRS. OLD)
Intimacy versus isolation is the sixth
stage of Erik Erikson's theory of
psychosocial development, which
happens after the fifth stage of
identity vs role confusion. This stage
takes place during young adulthood
between the ages of approximately 19
and 40.

28. The major conflict at
this stage of life
centers on forming
intimate, LOVING
RELATIONSHIPS with
other people.

29. Success at this stage
leads to fulfilling
relationships. Struggling
at this stage, on the
other hand, can result in
feelings of loneliness
and isolation.

31. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION
(40-65 YRS.)
Generativity vs. stagnation is
the seventh stage of Erik
Erikson’s theory of
psychosocial development.
This stage takes place during
middle adulthood, between
the approximate ages of 40
and 65.

32. It comes before the
eighth and final stage of
development in
Erikson's theory, which
is integrity vs. despair.

33. During this stage, middle-aged
adults strive to create or
nurture things that will outlast
them, often by parenting
children or fostering positive
changes that benefit others.

34. Contributing to society and
doing things to promote
future generations are
important needs at the
generativity vs. stagnation
stage of development

36. INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR(65 YRS.
OLD TO DEATH)
What Are Integrity and
Despair?
INTEGRITY refers to a person's
ability to look back on their life
with a sense of
accomplishment and
fulfillment.

37. Characteristics of integrity include:
• Acceptance
• A sense of wholeness
• Lack of regret
• Feeling at peace
• A sense of success
• Feelings of wisdom and
acceptance

38. Despair refers to
looking back on life
with feelings of regret,
shame, or
disappointment.

39. Characteristics of despair include:
• Bitterness
• Regret
• Ruminating over mistakes
• Feeling that life was wasted
• Feeling unproductive
• Depression

40. The integrity versus despair
stage begins as the aging
adult begins to tackle the
problem of his or her
mortality.

41. The onset of this stage is often
triggered by life events such as
retirement, the loss of a
spouse, the loss of friends and
acquaintances, facing a
terminal illness, and other
changes to major roles in life.

45. HAVIGHURT’S DEVELOPMENTAL
TASKS DURING THE LIFE SPAN
Elaborated on the
developmental
stages in a most
systematic and
extensive manner.

46. ROBERT J. HAVIGHURT
His main assertion is that
development is
continuous through out
the lifespan, occurring in
stages,

47. where the individual moves
from one stage to the next
by means of successful
resolution of the problem
or performance of
developmental tasks

48. Havighurt proposed
a Bio Psychosocial
model of
development.

49. Wherein the developmental task at
each stages are influenced by the
individual’s biological or
physiological makeup, his
psychology(personal values and
goals ), and sociology(specific
culture to which the individual
belongs.)

50. THE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS SUMMARY TABLE
Infancy and early
childhood (0-5)
Middle childhood (6-12) Adolescence (13-18)
• Learning to walk
• Learning to take solid
foods
• Learning to talk
• Learning to control
body wastes
• Learning sex
differences and sexual
modesty
• Acquiring concepts
and language to
describe social and
physical reality
• Readiness for reading
• Learning to distinguish
right from wrong and
developing a
conscience
• Learning physical skills
necessary for ordinary
games
• Building a wholesome
attitude toward oneself
• Learning to get along with
age mates
• Learning an appropriate sex
role
• Developing fundamental
skills in reading writing and
calculating
• Developing concepts
necessary for everyday
living.
• Developing conscience,
morality and a scale of
values
• Achieving personal
independence.
• Developing acceptable
attitudes towards society.
• Achieving mature
relations with both
sexes
• Achieving a masculine
or feminine social roles
• Accepting ones
physique
• Achieving emotional
independence of adults
• Preparing for marriage
and family life
• Preparing for an
economic career
• Acquiring values and an
ethical system to guide
behaviour
• Desiring and achieving
socially responsibility
behaviour.

51. Early adulthood (19-30) Middle adulthood(30-60) Later maturity (61-)
• Selecting a mate
• Learning to live with a
partner
• Starting a family
• Rearing a children
• Managing a home
• Starting an occupation
• Assuming a civic
responsibility.
• Helping teenage
children to become
happy and responsible
adults
• Achieving adult social
and civic responsibility
• Satisfactory career
achievement
• Developing adult
leisure time activities
• Relating to ones
spouse as a person
• Accepting the
physiological changes
of middle age.
• Adjusting to aging
parent.
• Adjusting to decreasing
strength and health
• Adjusting to retirement
and reduced income
• Adjusting to death of
spouse establishing
relations with one’s
own age group
• Meeting social and
civic obligations.
• Establishing
satisfactory living
quarters.