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The Three-State model
      for tools
       Ajay Ganapathy
Tools affect targets


• At any given time a tool is either affecting a
  target, or it isn’t.
Tool      Ballpoint pen    Vehicle    ______?    _____?




affecting   writing         moving       fired      _____?




   not
            capped            off      holstered   _____?
affecting
The third state


• Some tools have a distinct state when they
  are about to affect their target.
Tool      Ballpoint pen    vehicle    ______?    _____?




affecting   writing         moving       fired      _____?



about to
            exposed         idling      loaded     _____?
 affect


   not
            capped            off      holstered   _____?
affecting
On computers:
• A cursor can be deactivated, hovering, or
  activated. Each state carries with it unique
  affordances.
• A fingertip can press a button, rest on the
  button, or rest off of the button.
• Ideally, all inputs should support all three
  states. However, this is not always the case.
Exceptions:


• A fingertip on a touch screen can’t rest on
  a button. It can only either press the button
  or rest off of the button.

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The three state model for input

  • 1. The Three-State model for tools Ajay Ganapathy
  • 2. Tools affect targets • At any given time a tool is either affecting a target, or it isn’t.
  • 3. Tool Ballpoint pen Vehicle ______? _____? affecting writing moving fired _____? not capped off holstered _____? affecting
  • 4. The third state • Some tools have a distinct state when they are about to affect their target.
  • 5. Tool Ballpoint pen vehicle ______? _____? affecting writing moving fired _____? about to exposed idling loaded _____? affect not capped off holstered _____? affecting
  • 6. On computers: • A cursor can be deactivated, hovering, or activated. Each state carries with it unique affordances. • A fingertip can press a button, rest on the button, or rest off of the button. • Ideally, all inputs should support all three states. However, this is not always the case.
  • 7. Exceptions: • A fingertip on a touch screen can’t rest on a button. It can only either press the button or rest off of the button.