The symbiotic relationship in which the symbiotic benefits from the r.pdf
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The symbiotic relationship in which the symbiotic benefits from the relationship but the host u neither harmed nor benefited is called: mutualism. parasitism. commensalism. competition. niche interactivity. Communities of organisms are made up of: populations of different species. different habitats. two or more populations of the same species. ecosystems. interacting niches. The primary source of energy for primary production is: high temperatures. sunlight. hydrogen bonds. glucose. carbohydrates. Chemosynthetic organisms use the energy from ____ to produce organic molecules. the sun chemical reactions the water other organisms. glucose The proper order of predator-prey relationships is herbivore-producer-carnivore. carnivore- producer-herbivore. herbivore-carnivore-producer. producer-herbivore-carnivore. carnivore- herbivore-producer. With each change in trophic level we can expect a _____ % transfer of biomass. 5 10 25 50 20 When nutrients are limited, they do all the following except: reduce metabolism. decrease growth rates. a fleet growth form. immobilize an organism. cause algal blooms. Solution 1. Mutualism: It is a way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each indiviual benefits from the activity of other. Parasitism: It is a non-mutual relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of other, the host. Commensalism: is relationship between indiviuals of two species, in which one species obtains food or other benefits form the other without either harming or benefitting the latter. Compettion: Competition is an interaction between organisms in which both the species are harmed. The correct answer is Option C. 2. A community of organisms is made up of populations of different species that interact with each other in some way. Option A is the correct answer. 3. The primary source of energy for the primary production in plants is sunlight. Sunlight is trapped in the leaves of the plants and is used to synthesize glucose. The correct answer is B..
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Describe three different symbiotic relationships, with examples. Whi.pdf
Describe three different symbiotic relationships, with examples. Which relationship produces the
most coevolution? Explain.
Please type the answer. Type the answer in your own words please. no copying from the internet
has to be in own words
Solution
Three different types of symbiotic relatioships are :
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
1.Mutualism is the relationship between organisms where both are benefitted from each other.
Examples of mutualism:
a. Oxpecker on zebra eats pest. Oxpecker gets food and zebra gets rid of pest.
b. Shape of flower and structure of pollinator is also an example of mutulism as shape of the
flower is specific for the pollinator to allow pollination.
c. Bacteria in gut of human intestine benefit human by partially digesting the food difficult to
digest. Bacteria gets food through this and human is able to digest tougher to dogest food.
d. Mycorhhiza is association between fungus and gymnosperm root. Plant gets benefitted by
collection of nutrients from soil and fungus gets benefit by plant in form of food and shelter.
2. Commensalism: In commensalism association, one organism is benefitted whereas other is not
affected at all.
examples:
a. Cattle Egret and cattle: as cattle grazes and uproots plants, insects that escape are eaten by
egret. Egret gets the benefit wheras cattle is not affected.
b Sucker fish attaches itself to the shark and travels along. Shark doesnt get affected whereas the
sucker fish gets left over food of shark.
c.Epiphytes are plants that grow on larger trees. They just climb the trees for receiving sunlight
and do not cause any affect to the plant.
d. CLown fish lives in tentacles of Sea anemones. Sea anemone doesnt get affected whereas
clown fish gets the advantage of protection from predators.
3. Parasitism: In this relationship, the parasite harms the host to derive the benefit in terms of
food or shelter or both. In this type of relationship one species is harmed whereas other is
benefitted.
examples of parasitism:
a. Lice on Human body: Lice sucks blood can causes harm to human.
b. Cuscuta causes harm to higher plants by living on it and taking the benefit of food and shelter.
c. Ascaris lives in human intestine . It benefits from receiving food and shelter and causes harm
to human.
d. tapeworm in Human intestine as they get partially digested food and deprive human of
nutrients.
Out of these relationships, coevolution is most important for species showing mutualistic
behaviour as:
1. They both have large dependency on each other for their survival.
2. Any change in one species can lead to extinction of the other. Coevolution is the only strategy
for their survival..
Describe the major interactions among organisms in a food web.So.pdf
Describe the major interactions among organisms in a food web.
Solution
major interactions among organisms in a food web
Food chains or food webs : they depict the eating connections amongst species and speak to the
stream of vitality through a biological community.The Sun gives vitality to producers , like ,
plants. Producers change over this energy into a shape that can be devoured by creatures.
Creatures that eat producers are then devoured by creatures at higher trophic levels. In the long
run all living beings are crushed spirit down into supplements by decomposers. Makers utilize
these supplements to change over sunlight based vitality into a usable frame and the natural way
of life proceeds. Evolved ways of life and nourishment networks portray connections between
life forms at various trophic levels.
Symbiosis: It is a collaboration between people of various organic species. No less than one of
the life forms gets an advantage from the collaboration. The other living being can either get an
advantage, be hurt, or not be influenced at all.
Commensalism : it includes a cozy relationship between the two life forms included. There are
three primary sorts of advantageous connections: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
Commensalism : it is a sort of cooperative relationship where one of the life forms gets an
advantage and the other is not altogether hurt or aided by the connection. Frequently the life
form that is getting an advantage can either discover sustenance all the more effortlessly in view
of the association or is ensured by the other living being.
For instance, cows egrets eat creepy crawlies in fields and fields. Substantial nibbling herbivores,
for example, dairy cattle and stallions, mix up creepy crawlies as they munch on grass in fields.
Cows egrets regularly take after behind the munching herbivores and gobble the creepy crawlies
that are mixed up. The steers egret is getting the advantage of having the capacity to discover
nourishment effortlessly. The touching herbivores are not influenced by the nearness of the
egrets. This is a case of commensalism.
Mutualism: it is a sort of harmonious relationship in which both life forms included get an
advantage. Blossoms and their pollinators are a standout amongst the most widely recognized
types of mutualism. Plants can\'t repeat without being pollinated. Numerous sorts of plants rely
on upon creepy crawlies, for example, moths, honey bees, wasps, and scarabs, to perform
fertilization. Plants that depend on pollinators pull in the pollinator by the shape, shading, or
possess an aroma similar to their blossoms. The pollinator gets nectar or dust as a nourishment
source from the blossom. As the pollinator gets the sustenance, it gets dust on its legs and body
that can be spread to another plant. When it visits a moment plant of similar species, the dust
from the principal plant is exchanged to the regenerative organs of the second plant and
fertilization can happen. Both crea.
Recommended
Describe three different symbiotic relationships, with examples. Whi.pdf
Describe three different symbiotic relationships, with examples. Which relationship produces the
most coevolution? Explain.
Please type the answer. Type the answer in your own words please. no copying from the internet
has to be in own words
Solution
Three different types of symbiotic relatioships are :
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
1.Mutualism is the relationship between organisms where both are benefitted from each other.
Examples of mutualism:
a. Oxpecker on zebra eats pest. Oxpecker gets food and zebra gets rid of pest.
b. Shape of flower and structure of pollinator is also an example of mutulism as shape of the
flower is specific for the pollinator to allow pollination.
c. Bacteria in gut of human intestine benefit human by partially digesting the food difficult to
digest. Bacteria gets food through this and human is able to digest tougher to dogest food.
d. Mycorhhiza is association between fungus and gymnosperm root. Plant gets benefitted by
collection of nutrients from soil and fungus gets benefit by plant in form of food and shelter.
2. Commensalism: In commensalism association, one organism is benefitted whereas other is not
affected at all.
examples:
a. Cattle Egret and cattle: as cattle grazes and uproots plants, insects that escape are eaten by
egret. Egret gets the benefit wheras cattle is not affected.
b Sucker fish attaches itself to the shark and travels along. Shark doesnt get affected whereas the
sucker fish gets left over food of shark.
c.Epiphytes are plants that grow on larger trees. They just climb the trees for receiving sunlight
and do not cause any affect to the plant.
d. CLown fish lives in tentacles of Sea anemones. Sea anemone doesnt get affected whereas
clown fish gets the advantage of protection from predators.
3. Parasitism: In this relationship, the parasite harms the host to derive the benefit in terms of
food or shelter or both. In this type of relationship one species is harmed whereas other is
benefitted.
examples of parasitism:
a. Lice on Human body: Lice sucks blood can causes harm to human.
b. Cuscuta causes harm to higher plants by living on it and taking the benefit of food and shelter.
c. Ascaris lives in human intestine . It benefits from receiving food and shelter and causes harm
to human.
d. tapeworm in Human intestine as they get partially digested food and deprive human of
nutrients.
Out of these relationships, coevolution is most important for species showing mutualistic
behaviour as:
1. They both have large dependency on each other for their survival.
2. Any change in one species can lead to extinction of the other. Coevolution is the only strategy
for their survival..
Describe the major interactions among organisms in a food web.So.pdf
Describe the major interactions among organisms in a food web.
Solution
major interactions among organisms in a food web
Food chains or food webs : they depict the eating connections amongst species and speak to the
stream of vitality through a biological community.The Sun gives vitality to producers , like ,
plants. Producers change over this energy into a shape that can be devoured by creatures.
Creatures that eat producers are then devoured by creatures at higher trophic levels. In the long
run all living beings are crushed spirit down into supplements by decomposers. Makers utilize
these supplements to change over sunlight based vitality into a usable frame and the natural way
of life proceeds. Evolved ways of life and nourishment networks portray connections between
life forms at various trophic levels.
Symbiosis: It is a collaboration between people of various organic species. No less than one of
the life forms gets an advantage from the collaboration. The other living being can either get an
advantage, be hurt, or not be influenced at all.
Commensalism : it includes a cozy relationship between the two life forms included. There are
three primary sorts of advantageous connections: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
Commensalism : it is a sort of cooperative relationship where one of the life forms gets an
advantage and the other is not altogether hurt or aided by the connection. Frequently the life
form that is getting an advantage can either discover sustenance all the more effortlessly in view
of the association or is ensured by the other living being.
For instance, cows egrets eat creepy crawlies in fields and fields. Substantial nibbling herbivores,
for example, dairy cattle and stallions, mix up creepy crawlies as they munch on grass in fields.
Cows egrets regularly take after behind the munching herbivores and gobble the creepy crawlies
that are mixed up. The steers egret is getting the advantage of having the capacity to discover
nourishment effortlessly. The touching herbivores are not influenced by the nearness of the
egrets. This is a case of commensalism.
Mutualism: it is a sort of harmonious relationship in which both life forms included get an
advantage. Blossoms and their pollinators are a standout amongst the most widely recognized
types of mutualism. Plants can\'t repeat without being pollinated. Numerous sorts of plants rely
on upon creepy crawlies, for example, moths, honey bees, wasps, and scarabs, to perform
fertilization. Plants that depend on pollinators pull in the pollinator by the shape, shading, or
possess an aroma similar to their blossoms. The pollinator gets nectar or dust as a nourishment
source from the blossom. As the pollinator gets the sustenance, it gets dust on its legs and body
that can be spread to another plant. When it visits a moment plant of similar species, the dust
from the principal plant is exchanged to the regenerative organs of the second plant and
fertilization can happen. Both crea.
Micro interactions
it includes all interactions in microorganisms i.e, neutral, positive and negative interactions
Unit 5, Lesson 5.3- Ecological Relationships
Unit 5, Lesson 5.3- Ecological Relationships
Lesson Outline:
1. Ecological Relationships
2. Symbiosis
International business1. What is the current status of Pakistan in.pdf
International business
1. What is the current status of Pakistan in the world market place? support your answer with
research. please give citiation.
2. What is the ease of doing business in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please give
citiation.
3. Are other countries wanting to invest in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please
give citiation.
4. What do you see as the future of your country in the world market place? support your answer
with research. please give citiation.
Solution
Answer 1). According to World Bank report Pakistan ranks fourth in terms of value (4.2 billion
dollars) with the same global market share as Sri Lanka, although apparel’s share of total country
exports is lower at 19 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has not played an important role;
in the apparel sector, the share of foreign-owned firms is estimated to be less than 2 percent, and
only slightly higher in the textile sector. Wages and working conditions are better in the formal
industry than in the large cottage sector, but short term or temporary contracts are widely used,
particularly for women. The September 2012 factory fire in Karachi recently highlighted poor
safety standards in the country. Pakistan can benefit from the following policies: increase
product diversity by reducing barriers on imports so as to ease access to manmade fibers (such as
duty and tax remission for exports, and export processing zones); attract foreign direct
investment (FDI) by adopting policies to reduce red tape and increase transparency to close the
gap with South Asian countries whose textile and apparel industries are located primarily on the
coast; diversify markets by taking advantage of access to emerging markets; shorten lead times
by improving road infrastructure to facilitate access to ports for exporting firms; shorten lead
times by clustering strategies to provide key infrastructure and common facilities; enhance
perceptions of stability as many buyers will not travel to Pakistan, which makes sourcing
complicated.
Answer 2) Pakistan has slipped three places on the Word Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index
and is now ranked a lowly 147th among 190 economies, denting the government’s pro-business
image ahead of next general elections.
The index is mostly used as a guide by foreign investors to learn more about a country, aiding
decisions on pouring in money in the economy.
Pakistan, however, slipped from its last year’s rating despite the introduction of some reforms in
areas of starting a business and making international trade relatively easier. If one government
department is to be blamed for the overall poor performance, it is the Ministry of Finance, as the
country’s ranking nosedived on the indicators of paying taxes and getting credit.
The World Bank released the Doing Business 2018 report on Tuesday that covers 190 economies
and measures how close each economy is to global best practices in business regulations.
In South Asia, Bhutan.
Imagine a polygon (not necessarily convex) with 2015 sides. Suppose .pdf
Imagine a polygon (not necessarily convex) with 2015 sides. Suppose there is a circle that has
exactly one common point with each of its sides. None of the vertices of the polygon is a point of
the circle. Prove that at least one of the sides is tangent to the circle.
Solution
Since sides of polygon tuches circle only once and vertices
Do not tuches the circle. This implies that polygon is convex and circle is inside polygon
(incircle ) .since by Def. Of tangent each side of polygon is tangent to the circle..
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Micro interactions
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Unit 5, Lesson 5.3- Ecological Relationships
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Lesson Outline:
1. Ecological Relationships
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International business1. What is the current status of Pakistan in.pdf
International business
1. What is the current status of Pakistan in the world market place? support your answer with
research. please give citiation.
2. What is the ease of doing business in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please give
citiation.
3. Are other countries wanting to invest in Pakistan? support your answer with research. please
give citiation.
4. What do you see as the future of your country in the world market place? support your answer
with research. please give citiation.
Solution
Answer 1). According to World Bank report Pakistan ranks fourth in terms of value (4.2 billion
dollars) with the same global market share as Sri Lanka, although apparel’s share of total country
exports is lower at 19 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has not played an important role;
in the apparel sector, the share of foreign-owned firms is estimated to be less than 2 percent, and
only slightly higher in the textile sector. Wages and working conditions are better in the formal
industry than in the large cottage sector, but short term or temporary contracts are widely used,
particularly for women. The September 2012 factory fire in Karachi recently highlighted poor
safety standards in the country. Pakistan can benefit from the following policies: increase
product diversity by reducing barriers on imports so as to ease access to manmade fibers (such as
duty and tax remission for exports, and export processing zones); attract foreign direct
investment (FDI) by adopting policies to reduce red tape and increase transparency to close the
gap with South Asian countries whose textile and apparel industries are located primarily on the
coast; diversify markets by taking advantage of access to emerging markets; shorten lead times
by improving road infrastructure to facilitate access to ports for exporting firms; shorten lead
times by clustering strategies to provide key infrastructure and common facilities; enhance
perceptions of stability as many buyers will not travel to Pakistan, which makes sourcing
complicated.
Answer 2) Pakistan has slipped three places on the Word Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index
and is now ranked a lowly 147th among 190 economies, denting the government’s pro-business
image ahead of next general elections.
The index is mostly used as a guide by foreign investors to learn more about a country, aiding
decisions on pouring in money in the economy.
Pakistan, however, slipped from its last year’s rating despite the introduction of some reforms in
areas of starting a business and making international trade relatively easier. If one government
department is to be blamed for the overall poor performance, it is the Ministry of Finance, as the
country’s ranking nosedived on the indicators of paying taxes and getting credit.
The World Bank released the Doing Business 2018 report on Tuesday that covers 190 economies
and measures how close each economy is to global best practices in business regulations.
In South Asia, Bhutan.
Imagine a polygon (not necessarily convex) with 2015 sides. Suppose .pdf
Imagine a polygon (not necessarily convex) with 2015 sides. Suppose there is a circle that has
exactly one common point with each of its sides. None of the vertices of the polygon is a point of
the circle. Prove that at least one of the sides is tangent to the circle.
Solution
Since sides of polygon tuches circle only once and vertices
Do not tuches the circle. This implies that polygon is convex and circle is inside polygon
(incircle ) .since by Def. Of tangent each side of polygon is tangent to the circle..
In 2017, Jasmine and Thomas, a married couple, had taxable income of.pdf
In 2017, Jasmine and Thomas, a married couple, had taxable income of $150,000. If they were to
file separate tax returns, Jasmine would have reported taxable income of $140,000 and Thomas
would have reported taxable income of $10,000. Use Tax Rate Schedule for reference.
What is the couple’s marriage penalty or benefit? (Do not round intermediate calculations.
Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Input the amount as positive value.)
Solution
Answer
Married Couple
Taxable Income
Tax if jointly filed
Tax if single
Jasmine
140,000
32,181.75
Thomas
10,000
1,033.75
Jointly
150,000
28,977.50
33,215.50
Tax on Jointly Filed = $10452.5 + 25%* (150000-75900)
= 28,977.50
Tax if filed separately
Jasmine = $18713.75 + 28%* (140000-91900)
= $32,181.75
Thomas = $932.5 + 15%* (10000-9325)
= $1,033.75
Marriage benefit = $4,238 (33,215.50 - 28,977.50)
Married Couple
Taxable Income
Tax if jointly filed
Tax if single
Jasmine
140,000
32,181.75
Thomas
10,000
1,033.75
Jointly
150,000
28,977.50
33,215.50.
In a maternity ward, four babies become accidentally mixed up. The AB.pdf
In a maternity ward, four babies become accidentally mixed up. The ABO types of the four
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determined. Indicate which baby belongs to each set of parents. AB times O A times O A times
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Solution
A) AB * O : Child might be A or B
B) A* O : Child might be A or O
C) A* AB: Child might be A ,B or AB.
D) O*O : Child will be O.
Explanation: The above results are through genotype match between mother and father having
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For example: A blood means AA or AO , O means OO, B means BB or BO ,AB means AB.O
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Solution
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HIV protease activates waterfor a hydrolysis reactions using what type of two residues?
Solution
The question deals with the action of mechanism of HIV protease.. The main active site for the
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(25-26-27) .
As it is a homodimer hence both the Asp(25) residues act as a catalytic site for this.. The water
plays an important role in the mechanism where water acts as a Nucleophile..
This water along with the (2 -Asp) residues discussed above brings out the mechanism of
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Fair Value and Equity Methods Conceptual Questions1. What are the .pdf
Fair Value and Equity Methods Conceptual Questions
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2. What type of security can be accounted for under both methods?
3. What type of security can be accounted for under only one of these methods? Which method is
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Do larval and adult lampreys have the 5 chordate characteristics Wh.pdf
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Solution
The larvae of lamprey is called ammocoetes.larvae of lamprey have the 5 chordate characteristics
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present in larvae stage but not in adult lamprey.
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Describe and explain how sound travels in each Solids Liquids G.pdf
Describe and explain how sound travels in each: Solids: Liquids: Gas: Outer Space: List an
example for each kind of energy transfer: Thermal to electrical: Electrical to mechanical:
Mechanical to sound: Electrical to light: Define and give an example of each term as it relates
to light: Reflection: Refraction: Absorption: Lens: Define each term as it relates to electricity:
Open circuit: Closed Circuit:
Solution
1) Sound travels in different forms in different medium
Solids:
In solids, sound waves travel as both longitudinal as well as transverse waves. Longitudinal
waves are alternate regions of compressions and rarefractions caused by pressure deviations from
the mean pressure. On the other hand, transverse waves are caused by alternate regions of shear
stress developed perpendicular to the direction of propogation of the sound wave.
Liquids:
In liquids, sound travels through alterante regions of high pressure(compression) and low
pressure(rarefraction). Such type of waves are known as longitudinal waves. The source causing
the sound vibrates, thus compressing and expanding the air in the region near the source. This
gets propogated in space through longitudinal waves.
Gasses:
Like in liquids, sound travels through through longitudinal waves in gasses too.. The source
causing the sound vibrates, thus compressing and expanding the air in the region near the source.
This gets propogated in space through longitudinal waves.
Outer Space:
Sound requires some medium for propogation. Since outer space is devoid of any matter, sound
does not travel in outer space.
2)
Thermal to Electrical: Thermoelectric generators, Thermocouples etc
Electrical to Mechanical: AC Generator
Mechanical to sound: Bells, Percussion Instruments
Electrical to light: Torch light, Light Bulbs
3)
Reflection: The change in direction of light wave on hitting a surface is known as reflection. Eg:
Mirror
Refraction: Bending of light wave as it travels from one medium to another is known as
refration. refraction mainly happens due to difference in the refractive index between to the two
mediums. Eg: Contact lens, lens in microscopes
Absorption: The phenomenon by which light wave could be absorbed by a material when
incident on it is known as absorption. Eg: Absorption of light by chlorophyl for photosynthesis
Lens: lens is an optical device that bends light in a required fassion through refraction. depending
on the requirement and the shape of the lens, it can be used to focus the light beam or disperse.
Eg: Contact lens
4)
Open circuit: An electrical circuit without a complete path between the terminals of the power
source is known as open circuit
Closed circuit: An electrical circuit with atleast one complete path between the terminals of the
power source is known as open circuit.
Contrast apomixis with sexual reproduction in flowering plantsSo.pdf
Contrast apomixis with sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Solution
Answer:
The development of embryo without the ferlization is called apomixis. Embryo is developed by
the fusion of haploid male and female gametes in sexual reproduction.
During apmixis parental combination are only produced but recombinants are not produced.
During sexual reproduction, crossing over in gamete foramation thereby new cobmiantions will
be produced.
Before dawn Josh hurriedly packed some clothes for a job-interview t.pdf
Before dawn Josh hurriedly packed some clothes for a job-interview trip while his roommate was
still sleeping. He reached in his disorganized sock drawer where there were M black socks and
M navy blue socks, although they appeared to be the same color in the dimly lighted room. Josh
grabbed N socks, and with no time to spare, he then raced to the airport to catch his plane.
a. What is the probability that Josh packed at least A black socks so that he will be dressed
appropriately the day of his interview?
b. What is the probability that Josh packed at least B black socks so that he will be dressed
appropriately the latter day of his trip as well?
Solution.
5. A child’s toy oven uses an incandescent light bulb to bake cookie.pdf
5. A child’s toy oven uses an incandescent light bulb to bake cookies or cakes. It resembles a
conventional oven, except that the heating element is simply a 60 W electric light bulb. a. The
light bulb is completely enclosed inside the oven and is barely visible from the outside.
Nonetheless energy enters the empty oven in one form and leaves in another. What are these two
forms? c. Some that is not a child’s toy is Nitinol. What is that, and how is it affected by
temperature that is different from other metals? d. Inside the oven, the light bulb is located just
below the food. What heat transfer mechanism carries most of the heat from the bulb to the food?
e. If the bulb were above the food rather than below it, what heat transfer mechanism would
carry most of the heat from the bulb to the food? It would be mostly radiation. f. The oven’s door
locks when the oven is hot. The lock uses a horizontal bimetallic strip. The lower piece of metal
in the strip expands more when heated than the upper piece of metal. Which way does the strip
curl when the oven is hot? It will curl to U shaped.
Solution
A)Enters as electrical energy of the filament and leaves as electromagnetic radiation
C)It is a nickel- titanium metal alloy with some unique properties. It is also known as Nickel
titanium. This alloy exhibits the superelasticity or pseudoelasticity and the shape memory
properties. It means this unique metal can remember its original shape and shows great elasticity
under stress.
Nitinol alloys exhibit two closely related and unique properties: shape memory effect (SME) and
superelasticity (SE; also calledpseudoelasticity, PE). Shape memory is the ability of nitinol to
undergo deformation at one temperature, then recover its original, undeformed shape upon
heating above its \"transformation temperature\". Superelasticity occurs at a narrow temperature
range just above its transformation temperature; in this case, no heating is necessary to cause the
undeformed shape to recover, and the material exhibits enormous elasticity, some 10-30 times
that of ordinary metal
D)Radiation mostly some convection too .
E)Mostly radiation
F)As noted above, different materials expand differing amounts when heated. As an example,
brass expands nearly twice as much as steel. If you take a straight strip of brass and bond it to a
an strip of steel, you will have what is called a bimetalic strip. When heated, the brass side will
expand more than the steel side, and so the entire strip will curve, with the brass on the outside of
the curve.
8. Upon reviewing former CEO Jeff Swartz’s final blog post, do you a.pdf
8. Upon reviewing former CEO Jeff Swartz’s final blog post, do you agree or disagree with his
finding that the business world has shifted to sustainability
Solution
Yes agree that world is shifting to sustainability
The era of corporations integrating sustainable practices is being surpassed by a new age of
corporations actively transforming the market to make it more sustainable.
Business sustainability has come a long way. From the dawn of the modern environmental
movement and the establishment of environmental regulations in the 1970s, it has become a
strategic concern driven by market forces. Today, more than 90 percent of CEOs state that
sustainability is important to their company’s success, and companies develop sustainability
strategies, market sustainable products and services, create positions such as chief sustainability
officer, and publish sustainability reports for consumers, investors, activists, and the public at
large.
This trend will not abate anytime soon. Surveys show that 88 percent of business school students
think that learning about social and environmental issues in business is a priority, and 67 percent
want to incorporate environmental sustainability into their future jobs. To meet this demand, the
percentage of business schools that require students to take a course dedicated to business and
society increased from 34 percent in 2001 to 79 percent in 2011, and specific academic programs
on business sustainability can now be found in 46 percent of the top 100 US master of business
administration (MBA) programs.
For all this interest, we should expect the world to become more sustainable. But problems such
as climate change, water scarcity, species extinction, and many others continue to worsen.
Sustainable business is reaching the limits of what it can accomplish in its present form. It is
slowing the velocity at which we are approaching a crisis, but we are not changing course.
Instead of tinkering around the edges of the market with new products and services, business
must now transform it. That is the focus of the next phase of business sustainability, and we can
see signs that it is emerging.
The first phase of business sustainability, what we at the University of Michigan’s Erb Institute
call “enterprise integration,” is founded on a model of business responding to market shifts to
increase competitive positioning by integrating sustainability into preexisting business
considerations. By contrast, the next phase of business sustainability, what we call “market
transformation,” is founded on a model of business transforming the market. Instead of waiting
for a market shift to create incentives for sustainable practices, companies are creating those
shifts to enable new forms of business sustainability.
Enterprise integration is geared toward present-day measures of success; market transformation
will help companies create tomorrow’s measures. The first is focused on reducing
unsustainability; the second is focuse.
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a pa.pdf
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a pane class for displaying the
ball and provide the methods for moving the ball left, right, up. and down, as shown in Figure
Check the boundary to prevent the ball from moving out of sight completely. Exercise uses the
buttons to move the ball.
Solution
public class Exe extends Application
{
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception
{
double width = 400;
double height = 400;
BallPane ballPane = new BallPane(width / 2,height / 2, Math.min(width,height) / 15);
Button btUp = new Button(\"Up\");
btUp.setOnAction(e -> ballPane.moveUp());
Button btDown = new Button(\"Down\");
btDown.setOnAction(e -> ballPane.moveDown());
Button btLeft = new Button(\"Left\");
btLeft.setOnAction(e -> ballPane.moveLeft());
Button btRight = new Button(\"Right\");
btRight.setOnAction(e -> ballPane.moveRight());
HBox buttons = new HBox(btUp, btDown, btLeft, btRight);
buttons.setAlignment(Pos.BOTTOM_CENTER);
buttons.setSpacing(10);
buttons.setPadding(new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10));
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setCenter(ballPane);
pane.setBottom(buttons);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, width, height);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.setTitle(\"Click to move ball\");
primaryStage.show();
}
private class BallPane extends Pane
{
private Circle mCircle;
public BallPane()
{
this(0, 0, 10);
}
public BallPane(double centerX, double centerY, double radius)
{
mCircle = new Circle(centerX, centerY, radius);
getChildren().add(mCircle);
}
public void moveUp()
{
if (mCircle.getCenterY() - mCircle.getRadius() - 10 < 0) return;
mCircle.setCenterY(mCircle.getCenterY() - 10);
}
public void moveDown()
{
if (mCircle.getCenterY() + mCircle.getRadius() + 10 > getHeight()) return;
mCircle.setCenterY(mCircle.getCenterY() + 10);
}
public void moveRight()
{
if (mCircle.getCenterX() + mCircle.getRadius() + 10 > getWidth()) return;
mCircle.setCenterX(mCircle.getCenterX() + 10);
}
public void moveLeft()
{
if (mCircle.getCenterX() - mCircle.getRadius() - 10 < 0) return;
mCircle.setCenterX(mCircle.getCenterX() - 10);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Application.launch(args);
}
}.
1. Answer the following questions about OSI modela.At which layer.pdf
1. Answer the following questions about OSI model:
a.At which layer of the OSI reference model, routers operate?
b. At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames?
c. List the layers of the OSI model from top to down.
d. Mark those from the following list that operate at the presentation layer?
i.MIDI
ii.FTP
iii.SMTP
iv.TFTP
v.JPEG
e. List the two protocols at the Transport Layer.
f. What is the difference between logical and physical address? Do your research (do not copy
your answer). Which type of address is used in the network layer of the OSI model?
g. Which OSI layer implements IP?
2. Answer the following questions about Router:
a. What is a router?
b. How many types are routers are available to use? Name them.
c. Explain how a router works?
d. How many interfaces can be assigned to a router?
3. Describe the components of address classes A~E of TCP/IP addresses. Also explain
mathematically how many maximum network and hosts per network can be addressed by these
classes.
4. Answer the following questions:
a. what is the difference between IP address and MAC address?
b. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? Why IPv6 was introduced? Show an example
of each and explain how they are represented mathematically.
Solution
1) a) At what level of OSI the routers operates : The routers operates at the third layer of the
model which is Network Control Layer, where a router examines the packets\' data structure and
determine whether to forward or not.
b) At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames : Bits are packaged into
frames at data link layer, which setups the links accross the physicsl network.
c) Layers of OSI model : The seven layers of OSI are Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network
Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer.
Application Layer : At this layer communication partners are identified where we see some one
to talk to.
Presentation Layer : This is basically part of Operation System where incoming and outgoing
data are changed from one format to another.
Session Layer: This layer basically handles session and conversations/communications where
services include authentication and reconnecting service after interruption.
Transport Layer : This layer manages packetiztion of data, delievery of those packets, checking
for error.
Network Layer : This part is responsible for handling addressing and routing of packets.
Data Link Layer : This setup links between physical networks putting packets into frames.
Physical Layer : This layer communicates, conveys bit stream through network.
d) The protocols that work on transport layer are UDP(User DataGram Protocol),
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
e) Logical Address : In terms of memory logical address is the location where an item resides
with the perspective of executing program.
Physical Address : Its the actual address or location residing in memory which is defined in
binary form.
g) The Network Layer impleme.
17. Of these, which represents a heterozygote a. aa b. Aa c. .pdf
17. Of these, which represents a heterozygote?
a. aa
b. Aa
c. AA
d. both a. and c.
18. Active transport across a cell membrane is
a. moving a molecule from lower to higher concentration
b. moving a molecule from higher to lower concentration
c. moving a molecule from outside the cell to inside the cell
d. a method by which cells get rid of waste products
19. All of the following are true about the cell membrane except _____.
a. They are mainly composed of lipids and proteins
b. All polar molecules pass freely, directly through the membrane
c. They are selectively permeable.
d. They have a lipid bilayer
20. Which cellular process produces the most ATP?
a. Photosynthesis
b. aerobic respiration
c. meiosis
d. anaerobic respiration
21. A plant can regulate the amount of water in its cells by
a. moving to a more aqueous environment
b. increasing the amount of solute in the cytoplasm
c. reducing its rate of respiration
d. drinking a tall glass of refreshing rain water
22. Eye color is represented by the alleles AaBBCc. This is an example of ______.
a. complete dominant inheritance
b. heterozygote advantage
c. sex-linked inheritance
d. polygenic inheritance
23. During amniocentesis the baby\'s cells are obtained from the ____.
a. fluid around the embryo
b. placenta
c. uterine wall
d. developing embryo
Solution
17.The word \'hetero\' itself means different and zygote means an eukaryotic cell formed by a
fertilization event between two gametes.The answer is (b) as there are two different alleles A and
a.
18.a)moving a molecule from lower to higher concentration.
When the movement of molecules across acell membrane from a region of their lower
concentration to aregion of their higher concentration in the direction against some gradient or
the other obstructing factor this is called active transport.
19.(b)All polar molecules pass freely,directly through the membrane.
The cell membrane allows only selective molecules to pass,which are required to the membrane.
20.(aerobic respiration)
Beccause the majority of ATP is produced in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration.
21.(b)increasing the amount of solute in the cytoplasm
because the stomata opens up and aquire the water and stores it.The amount of water in the cells
get regulated by increasing the amount of solute in the cytoplasm.
22.(d)Polygenic inheritence
As the capital letters are indicated as dominant.Here A has appeared once,B has appeared twice
and C has appeared once ,which becomes a dominant allele as there are less recessive characters.
23.(a)Fluid around the embryo
Which has cell of the baby and help in diagnosing,whether the baby is a male or female by
chromosomal detection..
When a researcher is working with a large set of scale data, whic.pdf
When a researcher is working with a large set of scale data, which measures are we most likely
to see her report?
When a researcher is working with a large set of scale data, which measures are we most likely
to see her report?
Solution
There are four scale of measures
1) Ordinal
2) Nominal
3) Interval
4) Ratio
These are all measures of Qualitative characteristics
We usually use frequency distribution and classify the data in different class
For the measure of central tendency median or mode is most frequently used and we do not use
median which is an average of the given values
The mode, median are allowed to measure central tendency of interval variables, while measures
of statistical dispersion include range and standard deviation. Since one can only divide by
differences, one cannot define measures that require some ratios, such as the coefficient of
variation. More subtly, while one can definemoments about the origin, only central moments are
meaningful, since the choice of origin is arbitrary. One can define standardized moments, since
ratios of differences are meaningful, but one cannot define the coefficient of variation, since the
mean is a moment about the origin, unlike the standard deviation, which is (the square root of) a
central moment..
Which functions of the lymphatic system are not assisted by another s.pdf
Which functions of the lymphatic system are not assisted by another system? Explain.
Solution
The functions of lymphatic system that are not assisted by another system is the transport of
white blood cells containing lymph to all parts of the body.This function is carried out by the
help of lymphatic vessels or ducts that are connected to lymph nodes to filter the lymph.The right
lymphatic duct and the thoracic lymphatic duct together drain lymph to the right side of
neck,head ,arm and to the circulatory system via left subclavian vein..
What are brain ventricles. and what functions have been ascribed to t.pdf
What are brain ventricles. and what functions have been ascribed to them over the ages? What
experiment did Bell perform to show that the nerves of the body contain a mixture of sensory
and motor fibres? What did Flourens\' experiments suggest were the functions of the cerebrum
and the cerebellums? What is the meaning of the term animal model? A region of the cerebrum
is now called Broca\'s area. What function do you think this region performs, and why? What
are the different levels of analysis in neuroseience research? What questions do research- ers ask
at each level? What are the steps in the scientific process? Describe each one. Allman JM.
1999. Evolving Brains, New York: Scientific American Library. Clarke E, O\'Malley C. 1968.
The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Corsi
P, ed. 1991. The Enchanted Loom. New York: Oxford University Press. Crick F. 1994. The
Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul. New York: Macmillan Finger S.
1994. Origins of Neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press. Glickstein M. 2014.
Neuroscience: A Historical introduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Solution
Ques-1: What are brain ventricles, and what functions have been ascribed to them over the ages?
Answer:
Brain ventricles: these are the cerebrospinal fluid filled spaces mainly present within the brain
useful to protect brain from shocks. Over the ages mainly from Anno domino 130 to 200,
scientist and Greek physician, Galen have illustrated about these hollow and fluid filled spaces.
According to him, brain ventricles are going to function for a balance of cerebrospinal fluids and
sensation and humors associated with movements are mediated by these brain ventricles within
the brain through cranial nerves. According to Galen, these ventricles are mainly involved in
registering sensations and perceptions finally to promote motor activity through limb
movements. French scientists have illustrated that these ventricles are mainly enabled fluid-
mechanical theory of brain function to mediate limb movements via muscle activity..
USING JAVAThere are at least two types of nearly sorted array.pdf
USING JAVA:
There are at least two types of \"nearly sorted\" arrays: k-exchanges and k-distance, where k is an
integer. An array is called a k-exchanges array if the array becomes sorted by performing at most
k exchanges. For example, sorting.java uses 100-exchanges for nearly sorted arrays. An array is
called a k-distance array if, for each element, the distance from its initial position to its position
in the sorted array is no more than k. A k-distance array can be created from a sorted array by
randomly shuffling each subarray of size k. www.sorting-algorithms.com uses 1-distance for
nearly sorted arrays.compare the performances of quicksort (choosing the best quicksort you
have), heapsort, mergesort, natural mergesort, and insertion sort on k-exchanges and k-distances
arrays for various k values. Create a method called task4, which takes k = 10, 20, 30, ..., until
quicksort becomes a clear winner, create 100 k-distance arrays of size 10,000,000, run in turn the
chosen sorting methods on each array, and collect running times. Then for k = 100, 200, 300, ...,
until quicksort becomes a clear winner, create 100 k-exchange arrays of size 10,000,000, run in
turn the chosen sorting methods on each array, and collect running times.
I have the code for all the algorithms done correctly, so just call them by quicksort(), heapsort(),
mergesort(), naturalmergesort(), insertionsort(). I can figure out how to deal with differing sizes
but what I don\'t understand is how to create k-distance and k-exchanges nearly sorted arrays.
Solution
void insertionSort(int A[], int size)
{
int i, key, j;
for (i = 1; i < size; i++)
{
key = A[i];
j = i-1;
/* Move elements of A[0..i-1], that are greater than key, to one
position ahead of their current position.
This loop will run at most k times */
while (j >= 0 && A[j] > key)
{
A[j+1] = A[j];
j = j-1;
}
A[j+1] = key;
}
}
he inner loop will run at most k times. To move every element to its correct place, at most k
elements need to be moved. So overall complexity will be O(nk)
We can sort such arrays more efficiently with the help of Heap data structure. Following is the
detailed process that uses Heap.
1) Create a Min Heap of size k+1 with first k+1 elements. This will take O(k) time (See this
GFact)
2) One by one remove min element from heap, put it in result array, and add a new element to
heap from remaining elements.
Removing an element and adding a new element to min heap will take Logk time. So overall
complexity will be O(k) + O((n-k)*logK)
#include
using namespace std;
// Prototype of a utility function to swap two integers
void swap(int *x, int *y);
// A class for Min Heap
class MinHeap
{
int *harr; // pointer to array of elements in heap
int heap_size; // size of min heap
public:
// Constructor
MinHeap(int a[], int size);
// to heapify a subtree with root at given index
void MinHeapify(int );
// to get index of left child of node at index i
int left(int i) { return (2*i + 1); }
// to get index of right chil.
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