The State’s Geopolitics Versus the Local’s Concern, A Case Study on the Land Border between Indonesia and Timor-Leste in West Sector Sri Handoyo - National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping of Indonesia (Bakosurtanal)

1. The State’s Geopolitics versus the Local’s Concern, a Case Study on the Land Border between Indonesia and Timor-Leste in West Sector SRI HANDOYO Researcher, National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping of Indonesia (BAKOSURTANAL) ICCSA 2011-GEOG-AN-MOD 2011 University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain

2. INDONESIA

6. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF RI-RDTL LAND BORDER ESTABLISHMENT JMC (5X) JOINT MINISTERIAL COMMISSION JBC (2,5X) JOINT BORDER COMMITTEE TSC-BDR (23X) TECHNICAL SUB-COMMITTEE ON BORDER DEMARCATION AND REGULATION SOM SENIOR OFFICERS MEETING BLC/BPPD WG on Border Issues

11. THE PROBLEM OF SUBINA-OBEN LAND BORDER SEGMENT being an un-surveyed segment

12. ACCORD. INDONESIAN LOCALS Year 1966 : Since the Dutch era there was traditional uses of the land , as ulayat right , along the border by the people of Lake tribe . Then happened the taking over by the people of Ambeno, Oecussi. The people of Lake tribe did not accept this and it had become a war. As a solution, there was a 1966 agreement between the District Governments of TTU and Oecussi, with the land border as claimed by the TTU people now, of which also determined in the “Agreement Statement” letter between J.T. Sonbay as the Committee Chairman of the Changes of the Nilulat Fectorate Government and Tasi Lopo as the Cheve of Bobo Meto, in Nanao, dated July the 10 th , 1964. Year 1988 : The border demarcation of the 27 th Province of Timor Timur followed the 1904 Treaty. Those areas as limited by the 1966 case became part of the Timor Timur Province. In this case the people of TTU along the border of the Subina-Oben segment did not have any objection because they could still use the land. Year 2002 : Timor-Leste has been an independent state and followed by the delineation of the land border by RI and RDTL. This had an effect that the TTU people along the border of the Subina-Oben segment lost their use of the land both for farm and cattle, therefore they claimed them. Conclusion according to Indonesian side: The land belongs to the tribe of LAKE, and it has a list of land users (333) within the area around 683 hectares

13. ACCORD. INDONESIAN LOCALS

14. ACCORD. TIMOR-LESTE LOCALS Timor-Leste delegation has reported in the 21 st TSC-BDR meeting in Bandung (2008) and described the activities and the results of the Unilateral Field Survey in the area of Oecussi held in 1-15 June 2008 [12]. The objective of the field survey was to identify land parcels in the border area, their usage and ownership , to assess the clarification of the “social issues” referred by the Indonesian side. The survey team was led by Roberto Soares (Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros) with 5 team members and local authorities and local representatives of the population from Naktuka, passabe, and Subina. The result was listed in 68 land parcels with the owners. The information about the ownership of each parcel was collected from the local people, including the most respected members of the community. For each parcel was possible to collect the information of inheritance for three generations . It was possible to trace the ownership of the land up the grandfathers of the current owners. For some of the parcels it was identified a former “liurai” of Bobometo, named Taque Taiboko, that long time ago was responsible for the distribution of land among the people. The land parcels are depicted in as a rough sketches in the next slide. These maps do not result from an accurate survey, only the relative position of each parcel to the neighboring parcels is intended to be accurate, at it is correct the neighborhood with the border line.

15. ACCORD. TIMOR-LESTE LOCALS

17. Thank You for Your Attention