Space missions began in 1962 with the Soviet Union's Luna 3, the first to photograph the moon. The US began missions in 1963. Both nations were engaged in a race to the moon as Cold War superpowers seeking technological and security advantages. Key early missions included Luna 3's photos, Ranger 7's photos for the US, and Apollo 8's orbit of the moon in 1968. Apollo 11 achieved the first moon landing in 1969. Later missions included Apollo 13's aborted landing due to an explosion, Apollo 15's deployment of the first lunar rover, and Apollo 17's final crewed mission and first geologist visit in 1972, bringing the space race to an end.