The Solar System consists of the Sun and eight planets that orbit around it due to gravitational forces. The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The four outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Each planet varies in size, composition, rotation period, and other characteristics compared to Earth. For example, a day on Mercury lasts over three Earth months, while a day on Jupiter is only about 10 Earth hours. The planets also have different numbers of moons and orbital periods around the Sun ranging from 88 Earth days for Mercury to 248 Earth years for Pluto.