The role of magnesium and other alloying elements in aluminium alloy production and recycling
• Which series of alloys contain magnesium and what are the main applications?
• Examining the supply-demand fundamentals of magnesium – what implications for procurement by aluminium companies?
• What other raw materials flagged as "critical" are key to alloy performance and quality?
• What issues do these pose for aluminium recycling loops and what are the main environmental considerations?
• How does recycling of these alloying elements contribute to resource conservation and efficiency?
Presentation given at the 24th Aluminium Recycling Conference in Bratislava 21-23 November 2016 organised by Metal Bulletin.
eFlow kick-off webinar 18 Feb 2025: National Battery Strategy 2025Business Turku
National Battery Strategy, Jyrki Alkio, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment (TEM)
Jyrki Alkio is working as a chief specialist at the Ministy of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland. He is leading the circular economy and carbon neutrality team in the ministry. He was also the vice chairman of the group developing the Finnish national battery strategy in 2020.
Does the EU Emission Trading Scheme ETS Promote Energy Efficiency?Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief analyzes the main interacting mechanisms between the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). It presents a detailed top-down approach, based on the ODYSSEE energy indicators, to identify energy savings from the EU ETS.
The main task consists in isolating those factors that contribute to the change in energy consumption of industrial branches covered by the EU ETS, and the energy transformation sector (mainly the electricity sector).
Speaker:
Wolfgang Eichhammer (Head of the Competence Center Energy Policy and Energy Markets @Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI)
The recordings of this webinar can be watched via:
https://youtu.be/TS6PxIvtaKY
Energy efficiency: a profit center for companies!Leonardo ENERGY
Investments in energy efficiency not only result in a reduction of energy consumption —the energy benefit— but they also entail non-energy benefits such as improved product quality, reduced production time or improved comfort in sales area. Non-energy benefits significantly improve the business case of energy-efficiency investments in the business sector by raising their strategic character.
Within this context, the aim of this webinar is to discuss a methodology to describe and analyze the industrial non-energy benefits of energy efficiency. Linking energy, operational, strategic and financial aspects, this new conceptual framework enables to move away from the common view of energy as a commodity (where the only goal is to save kilowatt-hours) to adopt a new perspective on energy and energy services as strategic value for businesses.
This methodology will be further developed and documented by Task 26 Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency, a project of IEA Demand Side Management Energy Efficiency Technology Collaboration Program, in close collaboration with practitioners, academic researchers and public programmers. People or Institutions interested by Task 26 are most welcome to contact me.
Multiple benefits will also be discussed in-depth with a panel at this year’s IEPPEC June 7-9 Amsterdam.
Session 1: From Mine to Mining
BASF Battery Materials as a part of Europe’s and Finland sustainable battery value chain; Country Manager Tor Stendahl, BASF
More than 20 years ago, the EU vowed to fight the newly identified danger of climate change. Over time, it has developed a policy which is two-fold: on one hand, it looks at ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions inside EU borders and now has 2050 as horizon; on the other hand, it tends to lead by example and to push other big emitters to gather around similar emission reduction objectives.
Pursuing the idea of giving a price to carbon, the EU has put in place an instrument that would lead it towards decarbonisation: the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Launched in 2005, it has today become a complex system which is being reproduced in other parts of the world. The ultimate vision is one of a global carbon market leading to a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and thus mitigating the impact of climate change.
Introduction to the EU Emission Trading SystemLeonardo ENERGY
The EU ETS Directive is the centrepiece of the European Union’s climate policy. It has created the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which is a unique and quite com-plex system.
The EU ETS establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowances trading within 31 European countries. Its functioning is based on a “cap and trade” principle, which sets a cap on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed.
Today, the EU ETS covers almost half of EU’s emissions and is part of the daily life of a large number of companies.
The EU ETS Directive represents the backbone of EU’s action against climate change, but it also works in combination with several other pieces of legislation in a delicate balance.
Our European system has very much evolved during the last 15 years. The existing legislation operates until 2020. It has set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in line with EU’s 2050 low carbon economy roadmap. The time has also come to discuss the post-2020 period and the European Commission will soon put forward a new proposal with a 2030 emissions reduction target.
Being the first one to have been setup, the European scheme is analysed and taken as exam-ple in other regions of the world where emissions trading starts being implemented.
This course aims at giving a presentation of the EU ETS Directive, the main features of the sys-tem, the balance with other pieces of EU legislation and at offering perspectives for the on-coming review of the scheme.
eFlow kick-off webinar 18 Feb 2025: National Battery Strategy 2025Business Turku
National Battery Strategy, Jyrki Alkio, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment (TEM)
Jyrki Alkio is working as a chief specialist at the Ministy of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland. He is leading the circular economy and carbon neutrality team in the ministry. He was also the vice chairman of the group developing the Finnish national battery strategy in 2020.
Does the EU Emission Trading Scheme ETS Promote Energy Efficiency?Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief analyzes the main interacting mechanisms between the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). It presents a detailed top-down approach, based on the ODYSSEE energy indicators, to identify energy savings from the EU ETS.
The main task consists in isolating those factors that contribute to the change in energy consumption of industrial branches covered by the EU ETS, and the energy transformation sector (mainly the electricity sector).
Speaker:
Wolfgang Eichhammer (Head of the Competence Center Energy Policy and Energy Markets @Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI)
The recordings of this webinar can be watched via:
https://youtu.be/TS6PxIvtaKY
Energy efficiency: a profit center for companies!Leonardo ENERGY
Investments in energy efficiency not only result in a reduction of energy consumption —the energy benefit— but they also entail non-energy benefits such as improved product quality, reduced production time or improved comfort in sales area. Non-energy benefits significantly improve the business case of energy-efficiency investments in the business sector by raising their strategic character.
Within this context, the aim of this webinar is to discuss a methodology to describe and analyze the industrial non-energy benefits of energy efficiency. Linking energy, operational, strategic and financial aspects, this new conceptual framework enables to move away from the common view of energy as a commodity (where the only goal is to save kilowatt-hours) to adopt a new perspective on energy and energy services as strategic value for businesses.
This methodology will be further developed and documented by Task 26 Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency, a project of IEA Demand Side Management Energy Efficiency Technology Collaboration Program, in close collaboration with practitioners, academic researchers and public programmers. People or Institutions interested by Task 26 are most welcome to contact me.
Multiple benefits will also be discussed in-depth with a panel at this year’s IEPPEC June 7-9 Amsterdam.
Session 1: From Mine to Mining
BASF Battery Materials as a part of Europe’s and Finland sustainable battery value chain; Country Manager Tor Stendahl, BASF
More than 20 years ago, the EU vowed to fight the newly identified danger of climate change. Over time, it has developed a policy which is two-fold: on one hand, it looks at ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions inside EU borders and now has 2050 as horizon; on the other hand, it tends to lead by example and to push other big emitters to gather around similar emission reduction objectives.
Pursuing the idea of giving a price to carbon, the EU has put in place an instrument that would lead it towards decarbonisation: the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Launched in 2005, it has today become a complex system which is being reproduced in other parts of the world. The ultimate vision is one of a global carbon market leading to a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and thus mitigating the impact of climate change.
Introduction to the EU Emission Trading SystemLeonardo ENERGY
The EU ETS Directive is the centrepiece of the European Union’s climate policy. It has created the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which is a unique and quite com-plex system.
The EU ETS establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowances trading within 31 European countries. Its functioning is based on a “cap and trade” principle, which sets a cap on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed.
Today, the EU ETS covers almost half of EU’s emissions and is part of the daily life of a large number of companies.
The EU ETS Directive represents the backbone of EU’s action against climate change, but it also works in combination with several other pieces of legislation in a delicate balance.
Our European system has very much evolved during the last 15 years. The existing legislation operates until 2020. It has set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in line with EU’s 2050 low carbon economy roadmap. The time has also come to discuss the post-2020 period and the European Commission will soon put forward a new proposal with a 2030 emissions reduction target.
Being the first one to have been setup, the European scheme is analysed and taken as exam-ple in other regions of the world where emissions trading starts being implemented.
This course aims at giving a presentation of the EU ETS Directive, the main features of the sys-tem, the balance with other pieces of EU legislation and at offering perspectives for the on-coming review of the scheme.
IndustRE - Renewables and Industrial Demand Side ManagementLeonardo ENERGY
IndustRE is a H2020 project with two aims within two timeframes.
Project Aims
The flexibility potential of large industrial users’ electricity demand presents an opportunity to deal simultaneously with two issues at the top of the European energy policy agenda:
Cost-effective integration of variable renewable electricity
into the power systems of Europe
The rising cost of electricity and its effects on the
competitiveness of European industry
Within the IndustRE project, the electricity-intensive industries of Europe work closely with the renewable energy sector in order to promote innovative business models and regulatory improvements that create win-win situations. The project aims to:
Present suitable business models and facilitate their
adoption
Formulate policy recommendations
Quantify the potential benefits for the power system
Move industry and variable renewable energy plant operators into action
Highlights:
* Reports on the seminar “Electricity in the next decade” regarding “Low carbon electricity systems”.
* Captures the technologies involved as well as the views and findings of specialists active in the sustainable energy field.
* Describes low carbon electricity generation, networks and services.
* Looks at technology, impact, challenges faced and benefits of each stage.
* Provides an objective, scientific view on the electricity system of the next decade.
Kick-off: Growth from the Electrification Business Ecosystem: Opening Business Turku
Kick-off: Growth from the Electrification Business Ecosystem
Growth from the Electrification Business Ecosystem: Opening
OPENING & AGENDA OF THE DAY
- Linda Fröberg-Niemi, Turku Science Park Oy
Securing Critical Raw Materials for Europe - Presentation at IMMC Istanbul 2016 Martin Tauber
18th International Metallurgy & Materials Congress was held in the TUYAP Fair, Convention and Congress Center-Beylikdüzü / ISTANBUL between 29 September - 01 October 2016 together with the 18th International Metallurgical and Materials Conference organized by UCTEA the Chamber of Metallurgical and Materials Engineers, is the most comprehensive international event held in Turkey for 45 years which embraces all sectors in this area.Great honour to speak about Critical Raw Materials for Europe and Turkeys role in that. My thanks to the organising committee for the invitation.
Webinar - The US energy savings potential and who pays for itLeonardo ENERGY
Several recent studies use bottom-up models to assess the potential for energy efficiency (or avoided emissions from greenhouse gases) and the costs of implementing such energy efficiency measure, representing these two dimensions in an energy efficiency supply curve. However, energy savings estimates are generally overly optimistic suggesting that the costs to achieve the energy efficiency potential are very low.
We revisit the energy efficiency supply curve approach, developing a model that accounts for key uncertainties and different perspectives on how energy efficiency potential can be tackled.
This model provides efficiency potential savings and associated costs for the US residential sector
Determining primary energy factors for electricityLeonardo ENERGY
A primary energy factor (PEF) for electricity describes the ratio between end-user consumption of electricity and primary energy consumption. In recent years, the EU has implemented regulatory use of PEFs in the energy policy framework. As a result, PEFs now play a role in the regulation of production and consumption of electricity throughout Europe.
A key challenge is the lack of professional and/or political agreement on how the PEF shall be determined. Up until today, approaches used to determine PEFs have lacked foundation in objective methodologies, and the discussions have often been plagued by sectorial interest and political goals. Regulatory application of PEFs can create enormous challenges for European authorities and other energy market interests in the future. Depending on the case, the determination of a PEF may push end-users to alter their consumption of energy, decisions on energy efficiency and/or choice of energy fuels. Thus, PEFs may affect European countries’ ability to achieve long-term energy- and climate goals.
The IEA Energy Efficiency Market report - What it means for DSMLeonardo ENERGY
The Energy Efficiency Market Report is the IEA’s flagship report on energy efficiency trends around the world.
Questions addressed in this year’s report include: Are we improving energy efficiency fast enough to achieve our climate goals? Which countries and policies are having the greatest impact and what is the secret to their success? How much is being invested in energy efficiency globally, in specific regions and in the main energy-consuming sectors? How are low energy prices impacting energy efficiency investments? What are the multiple benefits of energy efficiency for the climate, energy security and public budgets? What are the market trends for energy efficiency services and financing?
Speaker for this webinar: Tyler Bryant
IndustRE - Renewables and Industrial Demand Side ManagementLeonardo ENERGY
IndustRE is a H2020 project with two aims within two timeframes.
Project Aims
The flexibility potential of large industrial users’ electricity demand presents an opportunity to deal simultaneously with two issues at the top of the European energy policy agenda:
Cost-effective integration of variable renewable electricity
into the power systems of Europe
The rising cost of electricity and its effects on the
competitiveness of European industry
Within the IndustRE project, the electricity-intensive industries of Europe work closely with the renewable energy sector in order to promote innovative business models and regulatory improvements that create win-win situations. The project aims to:
Present suitable business models and facilitate their
adoption
Formulate policy recommendations
Quantify the potential benefits for the power system
Move industry and variable renewable energy plant operators into action
Highlights:
* Reports on the seminar “Electricity in the next decade” regarding “Low carbon electricity systems”.
* Captures the technologies involved as well as the views and findings of specialists active in the sustainable energy field.
* Describes low carbon electricity generation, networks and services.
* Looks at technology, impact, challenges faced and benefits of each stage.
* Provides an objective, scientific view on the electricity system of the next decade.
Kick-off: Growth from the Electrification Business Ecosystem: Opening Business Turku
Kick-off: Growth from the Electrification Business Ecosystem
Growth from the Electrification Business Ecosystem: Opening
OPENING & AGENDA OF THE DAY
- Linda Fröberg-Niemi, Turku Science Park Oy
Securing Critical Raw Materials for Europe - Presentation at IMMC Istanbul 2016 Martin Tauber
18th International Metallurgy & Materials Congress was held in the TUYAP Fair, Convention and Congress Center-Beylikdüzü / ISTANBUL between 29 September - 01 October 2016 together with the 18th International Metallurgical and Materials Conference organized by UCTEA the Chamber of Metallurgical and Materials Engineers, is the most comprehensive international event held in Turkey for 45 years which embraces all sectors in this area.Great honour to speak about Critical Raw Materials for Europe and Turkeys role in that. My thanks to the organising committee for the invitation.
Webinar - The US energy savings potential and who pays for itLeonardo ENERGY
Several recent studies use bottom-up models to assess the potential for energy efficiency (or avoided emissions from greenhouse gases) and the costs of implementing such energy efficiency measure, representing these two dimensions in an energy efficiency supply curve. However, energy savings estimates are generally overly optimistic suggesting that the costs to achieve the energy efficiency potential are very low.
We revisit the energy efficiency supply curve approach, developing a model that accounts for key uncertainties and different perspectives on how energy efficiency potential can be tackled.
This model provides efficiency potential savings and associated costs for the US residential sector
Determining primary energy factors for electricityLeonardo ENERGY
A primary energy factor (PEF) for electricity describes the ratio between end-user consumption of electricity and primary energy consumption. In recent years, the EU has implemented regulatory use of PEFs in the energy policy framework. As a result, PEFs now play a role in the regulation of production and consumption of electricity throughout Europe.
A key challenge is the lack of professional and/or political agreement on how the PEF shall be determined. Up until today, approaches used to determine PEFs have lacked foundation in objective methodologies, and the discussions have often been plagued by sectorial interest and political goals. Regulatory application of PEFs can create enormous challenges for European authorities and other energy market interests in the future. Depending on the case, the determination of a PEF may push end-users to alter their consumption of energy, decisions on energy efficiency and/or choice of energy fuels. Thus, PEFs may affect European countries’ ability to achieve long-term energy- and climate goals.
The IEA Energy Efficiency Market report - What it means for DSMLeonardo ENERGY
The Energy Efficiency Market Report is the IEA’s flagship report on energy efficiency trends around the world.
Questions addressed in this year’s report include: Are we improving energy efficiency fast enough to achieve our climate goals? Which countries and policies are having the greatest impact and what is the secret to their success? How much is being invested in energy efficiency globally, in specific regions and in the main energy-consuming sectors? How are low energy prices impacting energy efficiency investments? What are the multiple benefits of energy efficiency for the climate, energy security and public budgets? What are the market trends for energy efficiency services and financing?
Speaker for this webinar: Tyler Bryant
Umicore Capital Markets Day 2015 : Recycling | Precious Metals RefiningUmicore
Learn about the long and short-loop recycling business models. Hear about Umicore’s business prospects in Precious Metals Refining and the benefits of the €100m investment in Hoboken.
Material flow analysis of magnesium (metal) in the EUMartin Tauber
This report, prepared on behalf of the International Magnesium Association (IMA), presents the findings of a comprehensive material flow analysis of magnesium (metal) in the EU for 2012. This study’s findings supersede those presented for magnesium (metal) in the 2015 Material System Analysis (MSA) study produced for DG-GROW
Next generation of sustainable Mg primary productionMartin Tauber
Although, Magnesium still has a strong position in the “lightweight material-mix”, it has certainly lost ground to Aluminium, Carbon Fibre and Reinforced Steel. While being rated as immature for applications like automotive sheet, alternatives are mostly chosen above Magnesium because of supply related issues. New Magnesium primary producers and projects in the pipeline are forming a more sustainable supply base on a global level, and will provide different industries with a beneficial metal, building on strong environmental arguments. Toyota recently announced its intention to completely eliminate all CO2 emissions, including materials, parts and manufacturing, from a vehicle’s lifecycle. The paper will provide an overview of possible CO2 footprint benefits in the Mg primary project pipeline, and show its advantage over other lightweight material. It will also discuss existing and conceptional tools on how the Magnesium industry benefits could influence future public and private procurement. The paper also aims to support the next generation of global magnesium primary supply and is intended to provide the magnesium industry with beneficial arguments mainly around the sustainability context for high volume growth.
Global gallium arsenide market professional survey report 2017志方 杨
GaAs industry is highly concentrated. A variety of manufacturers ranging from large multinational corporations to small privately owned companies compete in this industry, but the top six producers account for more than 70% of the market. Regionally, Europe is the biggest production and consumption area of GaAs, also the leader in the whole industry. China and USA also produce large amount of GaAs per year.
Regionally, GaAs suppliers are concentrated in Europe, USA, China, Japan and Taiwan. Leading suppliers in this industry are Freiberger Compound Materials, AXT, Sumitomo Electric, China Crystal Technologies, Visual Photonics Epitaxy, Shenzhou Crystal Technology.
Detailed Project Report on Setting up a Aluminum Manufacturing PlantIMARC Group
The report provides a complete roadmap for setting up an aluminum manufacturing plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/aluminum-manufacturing-plant-project-report
Improving sustainable competitiveness in preparation for a circular economy ...POSCO Research Institute
In terms of sustainability and a circular economy, steel is not free from environmental concerns, but steel can become a cornerstone for a sustainable circular economy considering lightweighting, long service life, and rich iron ore reserves, Based on whole life cycle, POSCO is applying life cycle assessment (LCA) to develop products from the perspective of sustainable competitiveness and improve their eco-friendliness. Representative products to which LCA was applied include advanced high strength steel (AHSS), Hyper NO electrical sheet, Giga Steel, and PosMAC.
AHSS applied to gasoline vehicles reduces vehicle body weight, improving fuel efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Motor cores with Hyper NO minimize core losses, thereby improving the power efficiency of home appliances and cut greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of PosMAC and Giga Steel, POSCO is preparing for a low-carbon circular economy through a full life cycle database and third-party certification. Developing “PosMent” with a higher slag content, POSCO is strengthening the circular industry ecosystem and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The Outlook for 2020 Mega Trends for the Aluminium Industry in Middle East.
What would drive growth for the Aluminium Industry in 2020 in the Middle East Region.
The global hydrogen gas sensor market is projected to witness the growth at a CAGR of XX.XX% during the forecast period to reach a total market size of US$XX.XX million by 2023, increasing from US$XX.XX million in 2018. Hydrogen is regarded as one of the best clean energy carriers, which is the ultimate fossil fuel candidate, with a high heat of combustion, low minimum ignition energy and wide flammable range as well as high burning velocity. It is used in metal smelting, glassmaking, semiconductor processing, petroleum extraction and the daily chemical industry etc. due to its strong reducing properties. In addition, hydrogen can also be applied in biomedical, environmental protection and seismic surveillance area such as for indicating certain type of bacterial infection, detection of environmental pollution. Hydrogen is not toxic but it is extremely flammable, and high concentrations of the gas in confined spaces will displace oxygen. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure that there is no leakage of hydrogen which will pave the way for its optimal utility.
https://www.reportsellers.com/market-research-report/Hydrogen-Gas-Sensor-Market
Govt. Policies for Non Ferrous Metal Industry-Primary/Secondary/MSME - Mr. J ...Mtlexs.com
Govt. Policies for Non Ferrous Metal Industry-Primary/Secondary/MSME - Mr. J C Laddha, CEO, Copper Business, Hindalco Industries Ltd.
World Non-Ferrous Awards was organized by Mtlexs on September 8, 2017 in Mumbai, India, with ET Now as a television partner, KPMG as a Knowledge Partner and Government of Maharashtra as a Partner State. The event was the first-of-its-kind with its focus on recognizing and felicitating excellence in the non-ferrous metal industry.
Superalloys are metallic alloys, exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, significant surface stability, corrosion resistance, and creep resistance at high temperature. Superalloys work at a very high temperature and force under the impact of corrosive media, high pressure & radiation.
Similar to The role of magnesium and other alloying elements in aluminium alloy production and recyc (20)
An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
Learn how to use Binance Savings to expand your bitcoin holdings. Discover how to maximize your earnings on one of the most reliable cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as how to earn interest on your cryptocurrency holdings and the various savings choices available.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
FIA officials brutally tortured innocent and snatched 200 Bitcoins of worth 4...jamalseoexpert1978
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Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
The role of magnesium and other alloying elements in aluminium alloy production and recyc
1. Dr.
Ing.
Mar*n
Tauber
Metal
Bulle*n’s
24th
Interna*onal
Al
Recycled
Alumnium
Conference,
Slovakia
21-‐23.11.2016
2. Content
ü
Which
series
of
alloys
contain
magnesium
and
what
are
the
main
applica*ons?
è
Almost
all
Al
alloys
contain
Mg
and
demand
growing
ü
Examining
the
supply-‐demand
fundamentals
of
magnesium
–
what
implica*ons
for
procurement
by
aluminium
companies?
è
Sustainable
sourcing
as
chance
for
Mg
ü
What
other
raw
materials
flagged
as
“cri*cal”
are
key
to
alloy
performance
and
quality?
è
Strategic
&
cri*cal
raw
materials;
conflict
minerals
ü
What
issues
do
these
pose
for
aluminium
recycling
loops
and
what
are
the
main
environmental
considera*ons?
è
High
recycling
rates
thanks
to
efficient
Al
set-‐up
ü How
does
recycling
of
these
alloying
elements
contribute
to
resource
conserva*on
and
efficiency?
è
Legal
frame
works
and
process
innova*on
3. What
are
strategic
or
cri*cal
materials?
EU
cri*cal
raw
materials
are
those
raw
materials,
which
are
economically
and
strategically
important
for
the
European
economy
but
have
a
higher
risk
of
supply
interrup*on.
Candidate
(inves*gated)
materials
These
materials
represent
a
diverse
group,
including
materials
that
are
mined
or
cul*vated
as
well
as
some
refined
materials
that
are
considered
highly
important
to
downstream
sectors.
Conflict
Minerals
EU
poli*cal
aims
for
EU
companies
to
source
*n,
tantalum,
tungsten
and
gold
responsibly.
These
minerals
are
typically
used
in
everyday
products
such
as
mobile
phones,
cars
and
jewellery.
4. What
are
cri*cal
raw
materials?
The
(20)
2014
EU
listed
CRMs
out
of
(89)
different
substances
(inves*gated)
5. What
are
conflict
minerals?
The
(4)
conflict
minerals;
Tungsten
also
being
a
CRM
6. What
are
main
alloying
elements
to
Al?
Currently,
over
400
wrought
and
over
200
cas*ng
alloys
are
registered
7. Registered
alloying
elements
for
Al
Alloying
(Mg
content)
1xxx
Aluminium
99.00%
or
greater
2xxx
Copper
2–6%
(0.3-‐1.6%)
3xxx
Manganese
0.6-‐1.5%
(0-‐1%)
4xxx
Silicon
7-‐13%
(0.3-‐1.6%)
5xxx
Magnesium
1-‐6%
(1-‐6%)
6xxx
Magnesium
&
Silicon
1
&
0.6%
(0.6-‐1%)
7xxx
Zinc
4-‐8%
(1.2-‐2.5%)
8xxx
Other
elements
8. Mg
alloying
use
in
different
Al
sectors?
ü Primary
aluminium
smelters:
è
Cas*ng
billets,
rolling
slab,
foundry
alloys
ü Rolling
mills:
è
Mg
as
alloying
agent
ü Remelt
billet
makers
and
extruders:
è
Secondary
Mg
mainly
from
scrap
ü Secondary
aluminium
smelters:
è
Die-‐cast/foundry
alloys
mainly
from
scrap
(Al
&
Mg)
10. PRC
dominant
in
primary
Mg
produc*on
Source:
China
Nonferrous
Metals
Industry
Associa*on
-‐
The
Nonferrous
Metals
Society
of
China
2016/Kyoto
11. PRC
dominant
in
primary
Al
produc*on
China
has
always
pay
alen*on
to
the
magnesium
alloys
applica*on
in
the
automobile
industry.
the
instrument
panel,
front
and
rear
subframe,
wheels,
steering
bracket
and
other
parts
have
been
developed
in
the
plamorm
of
a
independent
research
and
developed
hydrogen
fuel
car.
The
total
amount
of
Source:
China
Nonferrous
Metals
Industry
Associa*on
-‐
The
Nonferrous
Metals
Society
of
China
2016/Kyoto
12. Mg
supply/demand
fundamentals
ü
Significant
long-‐term
over-‐capacity
in
China:
è
Global
market
of
850
kto
vs.
installed
over-‐capacity
of
1,8
mio
mt
ü Regional
market
protec*on:
è
An*-‐dumping
rules
installed
in
US
and
Brazil
ü Environmental
concerns:
è
Higher
CO2
emipng
produc*on
process
in
China;
enforcement
lately
ü Main
price
fundamentals
in
China
not
within
the
Mg
industry:
è
High
dependent
on
FeSi
(grade
75%),
steel
and
coal
industry
ü No
trading
regula*on:
è
Market
volume
too
small
for
e.g.
LME
lis*ng
ü Small
markets
&
non-‐favourite
history:
è
Lightweight
mix
component;
market
development
and
high
CAPEX
caused
many
primary
projects
to
fail
13. Mg
demand
&
industry
mix
Source:
C&M
at
IMA
2016/
Rome
14. Main
message
for
the
Aluminium
industry
• Alloying
elements
are
essen*al
for
reaching
compe**ve
proper*es,
such
as
strength,
corrosion
resistance
and
processing
parameters
• However,
CRM
policy
is
supposed
to
secure
supply,
subs*tu*on
efforts
can
significantly
weaken
the
Al
industry
• Primary
alloying
elements
such
as
Mg
and
Si
will
most
probably
remain
on
the
EU
CRM
list,
and
most
of
the
common
alloying
elements
are
listed
• Alloying
elements
require
equal
considera*on
when
it
comes
to
sustainable
sourcing
and
resource
efficiency
• Dependency
on
pre
&
post
consumer
recycling
processes
16. Mandatory
repor*ng
instrument
“Repor*ng
sustainability
makes
it
more
valuable.
One
of
the
main
corporate
benefits
is
reputa*onal,
another
is
the
requirements
of
the
supply
chain.
Repor*ng
is
an
integral
part
of
sustainability.
Repor*ng
mechanisms
such
as
the
GRI
reinforce
this.”
“Global
investors
will
only
invest
in
companies
in
this
part
of
the
world
if
they
see
that
companies
are
repor*ng
honestly.”
17. Shis
from
shareholders
to
stakeholders
ü In
2014,
the
European
Parliament
passed
a
new
law
will
require
its
biggest
companies
to
include
sustainability
factors
as
part
of
their
annual
financial
reports
ü Today,
2.500
companies
voluntarily
produce
sustainability
reports;
that
will
rise
to
nearly
7.000
by
2017,
when
the
law
goes
into
effect
ü Addressing
their
supply
chains
is
the
next
big
task
18. From
voluntarily
to
mandatory
–
a
chance
for
profiling
of
alloying
elements?
ü OEMs
and
Tiers
need
to
talk
more
about
their
raw
material
procurement
strategies
ü Sustainability
is
already
used
on
a
large
scale
for
all
stakeholder
communica*on
ü Excellent
examples
from
Aluminium
and
Automo*ve
companies
ü Major
alloying
elements
must
claim
its
value
for
sustainable
content,
in
all
major
applica*ons
and
markets
24. Concepts
&
Tools:
Carbon
Impact
Factor
ü CIF
enables
OEMs
to
demonstrate
and
communicate
their
efforts
to
reduce
carbon
intensity
(risk)
within
their
supply
chain
ü Osen
no
traceability
of
raw
material
inputs
beyond
the
primary
processing
point
ü As
a
result,
different
raw
material
data
are
aggregated
or
compounded
Source:
Introducing
the
The
Carbon
Impact
Factor/2015
25. Sustainability
–
enable
high
volume
growth?
ü Magnesium
industry
need
to
invest
into
global
spread
raw
material/semi-‐fabricated
material
supply
base
ü Magnesium
stakeholders
need
to
engage
into
global
policy
process
and
inform
&
promote
Magnesium
ü Magnesium
needs
to
par*cipate
in
“own”
Circular
Economy
best
prac*ces
projects,
and
close
informa*on
gaps
on
e.g.
process
recycling
&
ELV
ü Informa*on
of
Magnesium
LCA
must
be
up-‐dated
and
easy
accessible
for
different
value-‐chains
and
stakeholders
to
enable
green
procurement
strategies
ü Magnesium
must
show
its
“sustainable
value”
in
the
Aluminium
industry
ü Aluminium
needs
to
name
Magnesium
in
their
overall/sustainable
communica*on
28. LCA
example
–
Magnesium
sourcing
Source:
LCA
study
DLR
2015
for
ESAN
Magnesium/Turkey
29. ELV
vehicles
recycling
flows
Source:
Automo*ve
aluminum
recycling
at
end
of
life:
a
grave-‐to-‐gate
analysis/WPI
2016
30. ELV
vehicles
recycling
flows
Source:
Automo*ve
aluminum
recycling
at
end
of
life:
a
grave-‐to-‐gate
analysis/WPI
2016
31. Example
embedded
recycling
flows
–
Light
gauge
frac*on
ü
Fragmented
non-‐ferrous
metal
mixture
“ZORBA”
typically
65%
Al
è
contains
copper,
lead,
magnesium,
stainless
steel,
nickel,
*n
and
zinc
ü Floated,
fragmented
scrap
stream
“TWITCH”
typically
90-‐98%
Al
è
contains
no
more
than
1%
free
zinc,
1%
free
magnesium,
1%
of
free
iron,
less
than
2%
non-‐metallic
and
1%
free
rubber
or
plas*c
ü Fragmented
auto
scrap
“TWEAK”
è
contains
max.
4%
free
zinc,
1%
free
magnesium,
1,5%
of
analy*cal
iron
and
no
more
than
a
total
5%
non-‐metallic.
Source:
Automo*ve
aluminum
recycling
at
end
of
life:
a
grave-‐to-‐gate
analysis/WPI
2016
32. ü Growing
markets
-‐
Alloying
elements,
such
as
magnesium,
manganese,
silicon,
zinc
and
copper
play
a
vital
role
in
proper*es
of
Al
alloys.
Growing
applica*ons
for
Mg,
like
automo*ve
sheet
and
can
stock
contain
significant
quan**es
for
their
own
markets
and
are
high
important
for
its
supply/
demand
development.
ü Overall
LCA
-‐
Alloying
elements
should
be
part
of
individual
sustainable
procurement
strategies,
and
also
CO2
saving
on
alloy
element
sourcing
should
be
featured.
ü Cri*cal
materials
–
Alloying
elements
must
play
an
integrated
role
in
mandatory
and
green
procurement.
ü End
of
life
scrap
–
Alloying
elements
material
flow
(Material
Flow
Analysis,
Circular
Economy)
are
an
integrated
part
of
the
e.g.
Aluminium
recycling
loops.
Conclusions
33. Links
&
info
• EU
CRM
list
2014:
hlps://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/raw-‐materials/specific-‐interest/cri*cal_en
• Interna*onal
Magnesium
Associa*on
(IMA):
hlp://www.intlmag.org/default.asp?
• Minor
Metal
Trade
Associa*on
(MMTA):
hlp://www.mmta.co.uk
• Associa*on
of
Euro
Ferro-‐Alloys
producers
(Euro
Alliages):
hlp://www.euroalliages.com
• Cri*cal
Raw
Material
(CRM)
Alliance
• Rue
de
l’Industrie
4
• B-‐1000
Brussels
• Tel:
+32
(0)2
213
74
20
• Email:
oh@crmalliance.org
• hlp://cri*calrawmaterials.org