This is the presentation slides given at a conference dealing with the two main causes of fatalities in young males, suicides and deaths in RTCs. There are no notes with the slides but I think they are generally self explaining. In short,the messageto road safety professionals is to identify the correct problem and give the appropriate advice to young males, that is "It is the general social circumstances of their life-style that puts them at risk, especially to fatigue and so they need warned of this."

1. The Road Ahead Conference, Buncrana, Co.Donegal. 20th to 21st 2011
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties Stephen Lambert
in County Donegal in line with national and Chairperson Donegal Road Safety Working Group
European casualty reduction targets.’

2. INTRODUCTION
DRSWG—Who are we?
Myth Busting----Look at the facts
Understanding the nature of crashes
Knowing the consequences
Conculsion
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

3. Founded in 1996
NWHB
An Garda Siochana
DCC
NRA
Now includes
Donegal VEC, RSA, NW Alcohol Forum, Driving instructors,
Youth Council, Youth Services
Supported by local media
Highland Radio, ICR, Ocean FM, Radio Foyle, I 102-104
Supports local initiatives,
ACEART, PARC, NIRSC, Schools, Finn Harps, GAA
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

4. Beginnings
Ireland was near the bottom of the EU tables in 1996
Australian example
1979, VIC Roads,
3 E’s Engineering , Enforcement and Education
Good Data;
If you don’t know what the problem is, how can you
hope to fix it, more importantly, how do you know you’re
not making it worse?
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

5. Changes Since 1996
NRA, Dot and Road Safety Team
Safety Audits, Road Safety Checks, RSRMs, Traffic Calming,
Crash analysis, Forensic Collision Investigation
Gardaí increased powers and manpower, including random breathe testing
and speed enforcement contract
NSC to RSA………….monumental change in resources and commitment
ALL BASED ON RELIABLE DATA
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

6. 3000
2500
2222 2323
2000 20972043 2027208419951966 20661968
17531676
1500 1551
1394
1000
National Figures Number of Fatal Crashes 1988 to 2009 1097996 1147974
1173
927 867
683
500
0 89
90
91
93
94
95
96
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
06
07
08
88
92
97
05
09
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
160
140 141
120 116
100 102
94
80 81 80 77 85 82
72 73 74 67 66 73 67 71
60 61 62 55 62
40
Donegal Figures Number of Fatal Crashes 1988 to 2009
36
20
0
88
89
92
93
95
96
98
99
00
02
03
05
06
09
90
91
94
97
01
04
07
08
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

7. ‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties Stephen Lambert
in County Donegal in line with national and Chairperson Donegal Road Safety Working Group
European casualty reduction targets.’

8. Perceptions of Young Drivers
Australia, the terms hoon and revhead
The stereotypical boy racers in the UK and Ireland can
be easily identified. .. small three-door, front-wheel drive
hatchback cars, with small engines
Is Donegal Ireland's Never Never Land for boy racers?
EMISSIONS:Doughnuts, Honda Civics and John Travolta
– sure what else is there to do?
THEY’RE MAD for cars in Donegal. Unfortunately, not
always in a good way…..Irish Times, 9th July 2009
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

9. What are the facts?
Look at some figures.
Crash Analysis and Database
Ireland has one of the best crash databases in Europe.
The database is used to target the causes of crashes.
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

10. Traffic Flow
Peaks at
Traffic Volumes by Hour of the day 08:00 and 17:30
6000
Weekdays
5000 Wednesday
4000 12:30PM
3000
Saturday
Saturdays
2000
1000 Peak to trough
0 1:100 or
1:80 on
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
0
80
00
20
40
60
80
00
20
40
20
40
6
-0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-0
-0
-0
-1
-2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Saturdays
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
01
03
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

11. 600
All Injury Crashes per hour Wednesday and Saturday Saturaday Peaks for crashes
500
Wednesday 12 to 20 hrs and
400
12am and 3am.
300
Weekdays
200
100
8, 13 and 12AM
0
Saturday
0500- 0600- 0700- 0800- 0900- 1000- 1100- 1200- 1300- 1400- 1500- 1600- 1700- 1800- 1900- 2000- 2100- 2200- 2300- 0000- 0100- 0200- 0300- 0400-
0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500
6000
5000 Wednesday
4000
Saturday
3000
2000
1000
0
These figures do not co-relate to
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
40
60
00
20
20
80
20
40
40
6
08
-0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-0
-0
0-
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
05
09
15
19
01
07
11
13
17
21
23
03
Traffic by Hour of the day, Wednesday and Saturday
Traffic volumes, especially at night.
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

12. Crash Risk by hour-All Crashes Cross-tabbing
crashes by traffic
450
volumes per hour
400 looks like this!
350 Weekdays_1:16
300 Weekends_Ratio 1:10
What does that
250
200
mean?
150
100 If YOU are driving
50 between 12 and 1
0
am on a weekday
0700-0800
1000-1100
1100-1200
1300-1400
1600-1700
1700-1800
2200-2300
0400-0500
0500-0600
0600-0700
0800-0900
0900-1000
1200-1300
1400-1500
1500-1600
1800-1900
1900-2000
2000-2100
2100-2200
2300-2400
0000-0100
0100-0200
0200-0300
0300-0400
YOU are at least 16
more likely to be
involved in an injury
crash than anytime
between 7am and
and 6pm
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

13. Fatal Crashes per hour Wednesady and Saturday Peaks for fatal
50
45
crashes
40
35
7am, 3pm, 6pm
30
25
and 9pm.
20
15
Weekdays
10
5
0 However, 3am on
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
00 0 0
0
Sunday morning
50
06 -06
07 -07
08 -08
09 -09
10 -10
11 -11
12 -12
13 -13
14 -14
15 -15
16 -16
17 -17
18 -18
19 -19
20 -20
21 -21
22 -22
23 -23
00 -24
01 -01
02 -02
03 -03
04 -04
-0
00
05
6000
is very clearly the
5000
4000
Wednesday peak hour for
3000
2000
Saturday
Saturday.
1000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
0
00
0
00
60
80
20
40
40
60
80
20
40
-20
-02
-0
-0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
01
03
Traffic by Hour of the day,Wednesday and Saturday
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

14. Cross-tabbing fatal
Crash Risk by hour-Fatal Crashes Crashes crashes by traffic
45
volumes per hour
Weekdays_1:27
looks like this!
40
35 Weekends_1:43
30
25
What does that
20
mean?
15
10 If YOU are driving
5 between 3 and 4 am
0 on a Saturday night
(Sunday morning),
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
00
60
80
40
60
20
40
00
20
20
40
-0
-0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-0
-0
YOU are at least 43
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
01
03
more likely to be
involved in a fatal
crash than anytime
between 1pm and
6pm
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

15. Fatal and Serious Crashes, All Drivers
1400
1600 Accidents by Year
Accidents by Day of Week
1400 1200
1200 1000
1000 800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0 0
1
2
3
7
8
9
0
4
5
6
0
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2
600 Numbe r
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 the Day 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour of 12 13
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

16. 1600 700
Accidents by Day of Week Accidents by Day of Week
1400 600
1200 500
1000
400
800
300
All Drivers 600
400
200
100
200
0
0
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat
600 250
Accidents by Day of Week Accidents by Day of Week
500 200
Drivers U 30 400
300
150
100
200
100 50
0
0
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat
ALL Crashes Fatal Crashes
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

17. 1400
Accidents by Year 400 Accidents by Year
1200 350
1000 300
250
800
200
600 150
All Drivers 400
200
100
50
0
6
7
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
7
8
9
0
4
5
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2
160
450 Accidents by Year Accidents by Year
400 140
350
120
Drivers U 30 300
250
200
100
80
150 60
100
40
50
0 20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ALL Crashes Fatal Crashes
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

18. 180 Numbe r
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour of the Day
70 FATAL CRASHES
Numbe r
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour of the Day
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

19. Age Profile of Drivers and Cyclists
120
100
80 All Injury
60
Crashes
40
20
0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95
AGE
Age Profile of Drivers and Cyclists
12
10
8
6
4
2
Fatal Crashes
0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95
AGE
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

20. Young People Die in Early
Morning Crashes at
Weekends………
Who doesn’t know that?
BUT
Who KNOWS why?
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

21. What is so different about
weekend nights?
Lifestyle…….socialising
Work, socialising, work, sport, socialising
work….resulting in tiredness,
With or without drink or drugs will result in
delayed reaction times
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

22. What Else?
Familiar empty roads, that lull drivers
into going faster than usual ……..
which combined with longer reaction times results in
lower braking effort which results in loss of control
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

23. ………. on familiar bends……..
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

24. ……bends that appear from nowhere
or trees that jump out on the road
or slippery surfaces that disappear as soon you go
looking for them…….
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

25. ……And higher impact speeds
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

26. IMPACT SPEED
WHAT IS IT?
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

27. E=1/2MV 2
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

28. 1/2MV2 = Kinetic Energy
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

29. 1/2MV2 = Kinetic Energy
M = Mass
V = Speed in M/S
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

30. In short
doubling the impact speed
quadruples the kinetic or
impact energy
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

31. Where does that energy go?
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

32. Where does that energy go?
3 Dead
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

33. Where does that energy go?
1 Dead,
3 injured
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

34. Where does that energy go?
1 Dead
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

35. Where does that energy go?
1 Dead
And…
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

36. Where does that energy go?
Passenger
walked away!
He was
wearing a
seatbelt
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

37. Where does that energy go?
5 Dead………
driver drunk,
miss-judged a
bend and killed
5 people
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

38. Conclusion
Crashes are no mystery, we have plenty of facts.
Young drivers are victims of their circumstances……..
They are however, responsible for their actions
but are entitled to be informed of the facts…..and not demonised
Road safety professionals are obliged to establish the facts and
inform the public accordingly…….
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’

39. Discuss
‘To reduce the number of road collision casualties
in County Donegal in line with national and
European casualty reduction targets.’